EAST AFRICA, German, the German pos sessions in east Africa, acquired in 1885-90, lying immediately to the south of British East Africa, and having an estimated area of about 384,000 square miles and population (1913) of 7,678,132, of whom 5,536 are Europeans. They are bounded on the north by a line running northwest from the Umba River to the eastern shore of the Victoria Nyanza and continuing west from this lake to the Congo. State. Lake Tanganyika forms the western boundary and thence a line to Lake Nyassa and the river Ro vuma form the southwestern and southern bound aries. In September 1894 it was agreed that the German-Portuguese frontier should follow parallel- lat. 10° 40' S. from the coast to its in tersection with the river Rovuma, leaving Kionga and the mouth of the Rovuma to Ger many and Cape Delgado to Portugal. Several stations have been established by the German East Africa Company. Two railway lines—the Usambara (223 miles) completed in 1912; and the central railway (780 miles) from Das-el Salaam, the seat of government, to Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika, completed in February 1914 — are the main arteries of communication. The revenue for 1914 was f825,500 and expenditure #1,188,500. In 1912, 1,034 vessels of a total of
1,913,743 tons entered the various ports. The products of the country are coffee, tobacco, cot ton, ivory, caoutchouc and gum. The highest mountain is Kilimanjaro, reaching 19,600 feet. Among the chief rivers are the Rovuma, Rufiji, Kingani and Pangani, flowing to the Indian Ocean; the Kagera, Shimiyu and Ruwara flow ing into Victoria Nyanza; and the Malagarazi flowing into Tanganyika. In the north there are several small lakes and in the southwest the larger salt lake, Rukwa or Hikwa. On the coast the chief towns are Mikindani, Lindi, Dar-es-Salaam, Bagamoyo, Pangani, Wanga, and the English mission station Saadani. In land there are Mpwapwa, Kanyenye, Tabora (Kazeh), Urambo and Ujiji. The country is under an imperial governor. After the out break of the great European War the colony was attacked by the Entente Powers, the chief forces being the British and South African troops led by General Smuts, who attacked from the north, while Belgian and Portuguese troops attacked from the south and east. Its conquest was completed on 3 Dec. 1917. For details see WAR,