2. The women's college affiliated with the university or with the college for men.
3. Coeducation in the universities for men.
The first and second types are characteristic of the East and the third of the West, although the distribution is not entirely along sectional lines.
The Separate Women's The conviction of Matthew Vassar, that °woman, having received from her Creator the same in tellectual constitution as man, has the same right as man to intellectual culture and development," led in 1861 to the incorporation of Vassar Col lege, opened in Poughkeepsie (1865) with more than 300 students, the first of the distinctive col leges for women authorized to confer degrees, with curriculum and endowment sufficient to realize its ideal of collegiate work. In 1875 two other colleges for women followed, Welles ley College at Wellesley, Mass., founded by Mr.' and Mrs. Henry F. Durant, in memory of their son, and Smith College of Northampton, found ed by Sophia Smith of Hatfield.
Within another 10 years a fourth college was established, Bryn Mawr at Bryn Mawr, Pa., founded by Joseph W. Taylor, and opening its doors to students in 1885. In 1888 Mount Holyoke Seminary was incorporated as Mount Holyoke Seminary and College, and in 1893 be came Mount Holyoke College, the seminary course being withdrawn. The development of these colleges for women has been phenomenal. Each one has a beautiful campus, with fine academic buildings and residence halls, is well equipped, and offers a wide choice of elective courses, in addition to therequired work, which varies somewhat in the different institutions. The faculty of each includes both men and women, with the latter in the majority. Two, Smith and Vassar, have had only men for presi dents; two, Wellesley and Mount Holyoke, have had only women; and one, Bryn Mawr, had a man for the first president and a woman, the present executive, for the second holder of the office. The large number of applicants for ad mission has made it possible for these colleges to maintain a high standard of entrance require ments. Bryn Mawr admits only on examina tion; the other four colleges have admitted on certificate from accredited schools, a system which will be discontinued in 1919, in order to substitute the Comprehensive Examinations of the College Entrance Examination Board, al though the Old Plan Examinations will also be allowed.
Other colleges in the East, somewhat smaller, but of high collegiate rank, are Goucher College in Baltimore, founded in 1888 as a Methodist institution, and Wells College in Aurora, N. Y., beginning as a seminary in 1868, but chartered as a college in 1870. The Western College at Oxford, Ohio, Lake Erie College at Painesville, Ohio, Milwaukee-Downer in Wisconsin, and Mills College in California, all beginning as seminaries but later chartered as colleges, are doing excellent collegiate work, although their numbers are small, as might be expected in sec tions of the country where coeducation is al most universally accepted.
More recent foundations in the East are Sim mons College and the Connecticut College for Women. Simmons College, established by the will of John Simmons of Boston "as an institu tion in which might be given instruction in such branches of art, science and industry as would best enable women to earn an independent liveli hood° was granted a charter in 1899. Its course of study is arranged in °programs — grouped in seven schools"—,including Household Eco nomics, Secretarial Studies, Library Science, General Science, Social Workers, Industrial Teaching and Salesmanship. The plan of in struction provides 'a four year program for students meeting its entrance requirements, a one or two year technical training for college graduates and provision for special students.
The Connecticut College for Women, located at New London, received its charter from the Connecticut legislature in 1911 and was opened in 1915. Its course for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science includes several branches of technical training, thus standing midway between the college of liberal arts and the more distinctive vocational colleges like Simmons. The college "owes its foundation to the wish and purpose of people of Connecti cut to provide within the State adequate facili ties for the higher education of The movement for its establishment was begun by members of the College Club of Hartford.