or Donaburg Dvinsk

DVINSK, or DONABURG, Russia, a fortified town of Russia, government of Vitebsk, on the Diina, 112 miles southeast from Riga. It was formerly the capital of Polish Livonia. It is of great military im portance, being a fortress of the first class, carries on a considerable trade and is the junction of three important railway lines. Pop. (including suburbs) 110,912, of which about 30,000 are Jews.

Antonin, fin'ton-in dvor'zhik, Bohemian composer: b. Milhlhausen, Bohemia, 8 Sept. 1841; d. Prague, Bohemia, 1 May 1904. At first intended for his father's trade of butcher, he showed such musical ability that he was sent to Zlonic to study. Here he found a friend in the village organist, A. Liehmann, who taught him elementary theory, organ and pianoforte playing. He next went to Kamnitz, where he studied under Hancke. In 1857 he entered the organ-school of the Gesellschaft der Kirchenmusik at Prague, where he worked for three years. The small financial aid he received from his father soon ceased and Dvolik found himself thrown upon his own resources. For a time he played the tenor violin in a theatre orchestra in Prague, and was also organist for several churches. In 1873 he first made himself known as a com poser by a patriotic hymn for chorus and orchestra and not long afterward an opera of his, first performed in England in 1883, which at once raised him to the tank of a popular and widely-known com poser. Among his subsequent works are songs, operas, dances, symphonies, a wonderful can tata, (The Spectre's Bride,' first performed at Birmingham in the composer himself act ing as conductor, and an oratorio, Lud mina,' first performed at Leeds in 1886 under his own direction. Dvorakis characterized by

a brilliant imagination, great originality and a rate inventive power. His 'Stabat Mater,' which betrays less of the Bohemian nationality than many of his other works, is regarded as one of the greatest works of its kind in modern music. In 1892 he was called to New York as director of the National Conservatory of Music, where he remained three years. He became interested in the music of the Indians and negroes and many of the melodies of these races appear in his symphony 'From the New World, and the overture In Nature.' He settled in Prague in 1895, where in 1899 he produced the opera, 'Der Teufel and die wilde Kathe.) The universities of. Prague and Cambridge conferred on him the degree of doctor of music, and he was elevated to the Austrian House of Peers. He wrote five sym phonies, many sacred compositions and a num ber of operas, which are very popular in Bohemia. He also composed several works for the pianoforte. To him we are indebted for calling our attention to the wealth of folksongs among the Slays. Consult Hadow, W. H., 'Studies in Modern Music' (Vol. II, New York 1904) • Mason, D. G., 'From Grieg to Brahms' (ib. Zubatky, 'Dv°lak) (Prague 1886).