KORAY, ADEIMANTOS, born at Smyrna in 1748, of a family from Chios, studied first at Smyrna, and afterwards at Montpellier, where he took his degree as Doctor of Mediciue, and settled in France. He wroto several works on medicine, and published French translations of the treatise of Hippocrates On Air, Water, and Situation,' with copious notes, and of the Characters' of Theophrastus. In 1801 ho translated into modern Greek Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments,' which be dedicated to the newly-constituted republic of the Ionian Islands. He afterwards wrote iu French a memoir, De IEtat Actuel de la Civilization on Grew,' 1803, which, being trans lated into modern Greek, answered the double purpose of making the people of Western Europe acquainted with the moral and intellectual condition of his countrymen, and of making the Greeks acquainted with it themselves. Koray also undertook to edit a series of ancient Greek writers, under the title of the Hellenic Library.' He began with the ' Orations of Isocratca,' 2 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1807, which he accompanied with interesting prolegomena and explanatory notes. Ho afterwards edited in succession the Lives of Plutarch,' the 'Histories of /Mimi,' tho fragments of Heraclidos and of Nicolaus Damascenus, the fables of iEsop, Strabo, the first four books of the 'Iliad,' and the Politic' of Aristotle. The reputation of Koray attracted many
young Greeks to him, who profited by his conversation and instruction. Although long absent from his native country, he felt to the last the most lively interest in her fate. Ho foresaw that a straggle was approaching, and he wished the minds of tho Greeks to be prepared for it. He encouraged particularly the diffusion of education, the formation of new schools in Greece, and he furnished directions for the method and course of studies. He also contributed to fix the rules and orthography of the modern Greek, in which he took a middle path between the system of Neophytus Doukas, which Koray stigmatised with the name of macaronic,' and that of Christopoulos, which affected to write the modern Greek exactly as it is spoken. Koray wished to purify the language by discarding the numerous Italianisms, Gallicisms, and Germanisms which had been introduced into it, and by substituting old Greek words, at the same time avoiding the affectation of too great a purism or classic pedantry. Korey died at Paris in 1833, having had the satisfaction of seeing the struggle in which his countrymen had engaged rewarded by success.