The females and young Mandrills differ from the adult males in the shorter and less protuberant form of the muzzle, which is moreover of a uniform blue colour ; the cheek-bones have little or no elevation above the general plane of the face, nor are they marked with the longitudinal furrows which give the other sex so singular an appear ance • at least they are far from being so prominently developed. It is indeed when they have completed their second dentition that these characters are fully displayed in the males, and that the extremity of the muzzle assumes that bright red hue by which it is so remarkably distinguished.
The :Mandrill is often mentioned by travellers, and bears the diffe rent names of Smitten, Chores, Boggo, Barris, &c., according to the language or dialect of the tribes in whose territories it has been observed. Those which have been observed in a domestic state are generally remaiked to have had a strong taste for spirituous and fermented liquors. A remarkably fine individual, which was long kept at Exeter Change, and afterwards at the Surrey Zoological Gardens, drank his pot of porter daily, and evidently enjoyed it. In a state of nature his great strength and malicious character render the Mandrill a truly formidable animal. As they generally march in large bands, they prove more than a match for any other inhabitants of the forests, and are even said to attack and drive the elephants away from the districts in which they have fixed their residence. The inhabitants of those countries themselves are afraid to pass through the woods unless in large companiea and well armed ; and it is said that the Mandrilla will even watch their opportunity when the men are in the fields, to plunder the negro villages of everything eatable, and sometimes attempt to carry off the women into the woods.
5. C. leucoplurus (F. Cuvier), the Drill, is a species only recently admitted by the most judicious modern naturalists, though long since standing upright ; the limbs are short and powerful, the body thick and extremely robust, the head large and almost destitute of forehead, the eye-brows remarkably prominent, the eyes small and deeply sunk in the head, the cheek-bones swollen to an enormous size, and forming projections on each side of the nose as large as a man's fist, marked transversely with numerous alternate ribs of light blue, scarlet, and deep purple ; the tall not more than a couple of inches in length, and generally carried erect ; the callosities large, naked, and of a blood red colour. The general colour of the hair is a light olive brown above, and silvery gray beneath, and the chin is furnished underneath with a small pointed yellow beard. The hair of the forehead and temples is directed upwards so as to meet in a point on the crown, which gives the head a- triangular appearance ; the ears are naked, angular at their superior and posterior borders, and of a bluish black colour ; and the muzzle and lips are large, swollen, and protuberant. The former is surrounded above with an elevated rim or border, and truncated like the snout of a hog—a character which we have observed in no other baboon, and which leads us to suspect that the Mandrill is the species that Aristotle incidentally mentions by the name Chcero pithecus (xotpor(Onnos), (‘ Hist. Anim.,' lib. ii. cap. 2), and which may have been brought into Egypt or Greece by the merchants who kept up a regular intercourse between Egypt and the countries of the interior. There are other considerations which give a strong degree of probability to this conjecture. The short, indeed almost tuber culous, tail of the Mandrill, for instance, would have led Aristotle to compare it with the ape or Pithecus (w(Onnos), rather than with the other Sim jade', all of which have tails of considerable length ; and the truncated form of the snout would readily suggest its similarity to the hog (xo(pos). We are aware that the Chceropithecus of the Greek
described by Pennant, and after him by various other writers. It is likewise a native of the coast of Guinea, and like the Mandrill is dis tinguished by a short erect stumpy tail, scarcely two inches in length, and covered with short bristly hair. The cheeks are not so protu berant as in that species, neither are they marked with the same variety of colours ; and the size and power of the animal are much inferior. The colours of the body bear some resemblance to those of the Mandrill, but they are more mixed with green on the upper parts, and are of a lighter or mere silvery hue beneath. The bead, back, sides, outer surface of the limbs, a band at the base of the neck, and the backs of the fore hands, are furnished with very long fine hair, of a light-brown colour at the root, and from thence to the point marked paratively abundant in the limestone of Valognes, in Normandy. The shell is straight, more or ler compressed, conical, or rather tapering to a point, and very much elongated. The chambers are sinuous, and pierced by a marginal siphon, and the last chamber several inches in length. Bactilites vertcbralia, Montfort, affords good example of the genus. [Aatatosires.] with alternate rings of black and yellow, the two last colours alone I appearing externally, and by their mixture giving rise to the greenish shade that predominates over all the upper parte of the head and body. The under parts of the body are equally covered with long fine hair, but of a uniform light-brown or silvery-gray colour, and more sparingly furnished than on the back and sides ; the whiskers are thin and directed backwards ; there is a small orange-eoloured beard on tho chin ; the hair on the temples is directed upwards, and meeting from both sides forms a pointed ridge or crest on the crown of the head ; and the tail, short as It la, is terminated by a amid! brush. The face and ears are naked, and of a glossy black colour like polished ebony ; the cheek-bones form prominent elevations on each side of the nose, as in the Mandrill, only not nearly so large ; neither are they marked with the same series of alternate ridges and furrows, nor with the brilliant and varied colours which render that species so remarkable ; the palms of the hands and soles of the feet are also naked in the Drill, and of a deep copper-colour ; the colour of the skin, when seen beneath the hair, is uniform dark-blue, and that of the naked callosities bright-red. The female differs from the male by her smaller size, shorter head, and much paler colour ; and the young males exhibit the same characters up to the timo of their second dentition.
Tho Wood-Baboon, the Cinerooua Baboon, and the Yellow Baboon of Peuntuit, are all manifestly referriblo to this species, and differ only from the difference of the age and sex of the specimens from which he took his description. The habits and manners of the Drill hare not been observed in a state of nature, nor do wo find the animal itself indicated in the works of any of the travellers which wo have consulted. In its native country it is probably confounded with the Mandrill, at least by casual and passing observers, but it is frequently brought into this country, and is well known as a menagerie-animal. Its habits in confinement do not appear to differ in any material respect from those of its congeners.