BRAMBLE, the wild bush that beam blackberries, belonging to the natural order Resacar. [Byars.] Il1tA3111LING. [Fassortasts] BRA\C1ll0'i'ODA, the first order of the division Entomostrata of the class Craearea. [Causvacen.] Dr. Baird, in Natural History of the British Entoineetmea,' thus characterises) it :—Mouth furnished with organs fitted for mastication ; branchite many, attached to the feet ; body sometimes naked, but most fre quently having an envelope in forms of a buckler, In some ineloaing only the head and thorax, in others the whole body ; feet vary in number, all branchiferous ; antennte two- or four-jointed and generally ciliated ; eyes sometimes two, or even three, but frequently only one, or so closely approximated as to appear single. They are all free and unattached, swimming at largo in water. This division of the Ento mostrace includes some of the commonest forms, such as those known under the name of Nonocultu and the various species of Daphnia, the water-fleas of popular writers. The following is the arrangement of this order by Latreille, which comprehends the Lophyropoda of Baird and others :— Section I.
Lophyropoda.
Feet never more than six, the articulations more or leas cylindrical or conical, and never entirely lamelliform or foliaceous. The branchite are not numerous; and there is but one eye. Many have the mandibles furnished with a palm's) or feeler, and though M. Straus attributes this organisation exclusively to the genera Cypris and Cyth.erina, which compose his order of Ostrapoda, the elder Jurine and 31. Ilamdhor hate shown that it is also characteristic of Cyclops. The antennae are almost always four in number, and serve for locomotion. Three groups are arranged under this section.
Carcinoida.
Shell more or less ovoid, not folded so as to convey the idea of a bivalve, but leaving the lower part of the body uncovered. The enters= never in the form of ramified arms. Feet ten, more or less, cylindrical or setaceous. Females carrying their eggs in two external bags situated at the base of their tail. Some of this division have two eyes, but the genus Cyclops has but one.
a. Two Eyes.
Shell entirely covering the thorax. Eyes largo and distinct. Antennae intermediate, terminated by two bristle-like appendages.
Under this subdivision Latreille places the genera Zoca, Bose ; lcebalia, Leach ; and Condylura, Latreille.
In the genus Zoea we have an interesting example of the necessity of observing animals not only in one stage but through the whole period of their existence. The Zoca pelagica of Bose, and the other species of the same genus, are now known to be transitionary con ditions of the higher forms of Creurfacea. We are indebted to Mr. V. Thompson of Cork for first having shewn this with regard to Zoca. He observed that the members of iota, from being natatory and cleft, became simple and adapted to crawling only. The animal, when perfected, was found to be a crab. To complete his proof of meta morphosis among the Crustacca, he states that he succeeded in hatching the eggs of the common Crab (Cancer pagurus), the young of which were found to be similar in form to Zeta Taurus ; and he thence concluded that the crustaceous decapods generally undergo metamor phoses, being in the first state of their existence essentially natatory ; and the greater number of them becoming afterwards in their perfect state incapable of swimming, being then furnished with choke (pincers), and with feet almost solely adapted for crawling. Mr. Thompson states that with regard to braehyurous decapods (crabs, &c.) he has ascertained the newly-hatclaed animal to be a Zoea in the following genera : Cancer, Carcinus, Port anus, Eryphia, Gegar Thelphusa, Pinnotheres, Inachua—eight in all ; and that in the Jf eeroura (lobsters, &c.) he has ascer tained that the following seven genera are subject to metamorphosis : Avarua, Porcellana, Galathea, Cranyon, Palermon, llomarus, Astacus. The an nexed figure of Zoea clarata (Leach), taken by Mr. Cranch in the unfortunate expedition to the Congo under Captain Tuckey in 1 81 6, will give some idea of the general form of iota.