CITRUS, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order Cistacem. The calyx is composed of 5 nearly equal sepals in a double row; corolla of 5 equal petals, somewhat cuneated, caducous ; the stamens numerous; • style flhiform; stigma capitate ; the capsule superior, 5- or 10-celled, loculicidal ; the seed ovate, singular; tho embryo filiform, spine The species are shrubs or undershrubs with opposite leaves and ono- or many-flowered peduncles. _ The flowers are either red or white, large, resembling tr rose.
C. Creams, Cretan Rock-Itose, has spathulate ovate and oblong leaves, somewhat hairy, downy, dull green, somewhat wavy at the edge, and stalked ; the petioles furrowed, nearly distinct, the pedun cles I-flowered; sepals with a long taper point and villous; white flowers. It is a native of dry hills in the most southern parts of Europe. It has evergreen leaves which emit a balsamic odour when rubbed, or after damp warm weather in the summer. It yields, with many other species of Cistes, a gum-resin called Ladannm [1.ADANUM, in ARTS aNn Sc. Dtv.], formerly in great repute as a stimulant in medicine, and still used by the Turks as a perfume.
C. laurifolita, the lAurel-Leaved Gum-Cistus or Rock-Rome has stalked ovate-lanceolate 3-nerved leaves, with the upper surface glabrous and the under surface tomentose ; the footatalks dilated and connate at the base; the capsule 5-celled. It is a native of the south of France and Spain. It has white flower" with a yellow mark at the base of each petal.
C. ladantferus, Gum-Cistus, has almost muffle leaves, connate at the base, linear lanceolate, 3-nerved, the upper surface glabrous, the under surface tornentose ; the capsule 10-celled. It is a native of the hills of Spain and Portugal. Two varieties are described, one with
white petals having a yellow spot at the base, the other with white petals and a blood-coloured spot nt the base.
C. Ledon has connate loaves, oblong lanceolate, nerved ; upper surface smooth, shining, under eurfaee silky villous ; the flowers in corymboso cymea ; the peduncles and calyx clothed with silky villi. It is a native of the south of France. All the species of Clear here enumerated are said to yield the Gum Ladenum. Many species which were formerly described under Carus are now referred to Ile! lonlhemum. [ii RUIN TII Ellt731.] This is the case with the whole of the old British species of Citrus. The flowers of both these genera are very beautiful, and are remarkable for lasting only one day, opening with the rising of the sun in the morning and perishing with the setting sun of the evening. All the species of etatua are worthy of cultivation in gar dens. They should be kept in the greenhouse in the winter, although during mild seasons and against a south wall they will survive in the open air. They may be propagated by seeds as layers, or by ripened outtings procured in July or August, which, if planted under a hand glass, will root readily.
(Don, Dichlamydeous Plants ; Lindley, Flora 3fedica.) ClTlIARPNUS, a genus of Fishes belonging to the family Salmosidoe. The species inhabit the Nile. These fishes are chiefly distinguished from their allies by the depressed muzzle, the upper margin of the mouth being formed of the intermaxillary bones, the maxillaries being very small. The tongue and palate are smooth ; the adipose fin is covered with small scales as well as the greater portion of the caudal fin.