r. The Curled-Leaved Bigarade, with very compact blunt small cm-led leaves, and flowers growing in thick clusters at the ends of the branches. No variety is more generally cultivated than this for the sake of its flowers, which are large, sweet, and . produced in extraordinary profusion. The French gardeners call it Le Bouquetier, or Nosegay Plant, and Bigaradier Riche Depouilld ; the Italians Melangelo Ricco. The fruit is coarse, very light, uneven, and with a large conspicuous scar at the point. The plant itself is far more dwarf than the other varieties, and is one of the most robust of its race. It is a common object of culti vation all over the South of Europe.
d. The Purple Bigarade, with leaves, flowers, and fruit stained more or less with a dull purple, especially the young leaves. Hermaphrodite and Bigarade Violette of the French, Melangolo Pavonezzo of the Italians.
e. The Double-Flowered Bigarade, with rather thick leaves, double flowers, round granulated fruit, and a thick rind ; the common double orange of the nurseries. It is a great favourite in gardens, because of its multitudes of fragrant double flowers, which do not fall in pieces so quickly as those which are single; it loses its quality of producing double flowers if the soil in which it grows is not kept in a very rich state.
f. The Seville Bigarade or Orange, with round dark fruit, having an uneven rugged extremely bitter rind ; commonly brought to the English market, where it is consumed in the manufacture of bitter tinctures, and in the preparation of candied orange-peel. The bitter aromatic principle is a powerful tonic; it gives its flavour to the liqueur called Curacoa.
g. The Myrtle-Leaved Bigarade, with small very compact ovate sharp-pointed leaves, and small round fruit ; generally both in flower and fruit at the same time, if well cultivated. On this account and because of its dwarf habit, it is a very common object in gardens. It is said to be a Chinese production, and that it is employed by the Chinese gardeners as an edging of flower-beds, in the same way as the dwarf box in this country.
h. The Bizarre Bigarade, with curled rather deformed leaves, purplish or white flowers, and fruit of different sorts, some being round and of the common appearance, others half bigarades and half lemons or citrons, the pulp of some being sweet, that of others acid and bitter. A curious luaus Datum, which was once thought to be the greatest prodigy in all the vegetable kingdom. It is
however merely one of those sports, as they are technically called by gardeners, in which, owing to some unknown cause, some one individual assumes the appearance of two or more others in particular parts. Analogous instances are—the grape called the Variegated Chasselas, some of whose fruit is black, some white, and some striped with both colours ; the Camellia, which- bears red, white, and party-coloured flowers on the same stem ; and the Chrysanthemum, some of whose flowers are purple and others yellow. This Bigarade was raised from seed by a gardener at Florence in 1644, and has since been multiplied by grafting, and so has been preserved to the present day. It may be procured from the nurserymen of France and Italy, and it fruits annually in the orangery at Versailles.
3. a Bergainia, the Bergamot Orange. Leaves oblong, flowers small, very sweet. Fruit pear-shaped or flattened, rugged, with a greenish-yellow smooth rind filled with concave receptacles of oil. Pulp subacid, very fragrant. The trees of this species are rather variable in appearance. The fragrance of both flowers and fruit is peculiar. From each of them the perfumer procures an essence of a delicious quality. The rind, deprived of the pulp, first dried, and then moistened with water, is pressed in moulds into fancy boxes for holding lozenges and other sweetmeats, and these boxes retain much of their recent odour. The Mellarosa of the Italians is a variety, with ribbed fruit, having a broad scar at the summit; it is much esteemed on account of the abundance of its flowers.
4. C. Limetta, the Lime. Leaves ovate, obovate, and oblong, placed upon a wingless stalk. Flowers small and whits. Fruit ovate or roundish, pale-yellow, with a boss at the point ; the cysts in the rind concave ; pulp subacid. In foliage this resembles the lemon, but its fruit differs in the pulp never having the sharp and powerful acid of the lemon ; it is on the contrary flat and slightly bitter : it is prin cipally employed for flavouring punch, sherbet, and similar drinks. The varieties are of no importance ; they principally differ in the thickness of their rind and in form. Here is to be arranged the round very uneven fruit called Pomo d'Adamo by the Italians, because they fancy that the depressions upon its surface look as if they still bore the marks of our universal father's teeth.