CAMPOMA'NES, COUNT PEDRO RODRIGUEZ, a distinguished Spanish civilian and statesman of the 18th century, was born iu Asturian in 1723. During his early years he travelled and observed much, and studied diligently the works of English and other writers on phile. soppy and political science. In 1765 be was appointed fiscal advocate to the royal council of Castile, and afterwards minister of state. He was a friend Of Arena, and took "part in the expulsion of the Jesuits by that minister. [ARANDA.] He laboured zealously to rouse the industry of Spain from its state of torpor, and wrote several good works on the education of the people, and especially of the artisans. Under the ministry of Florida Blanca, Campomanes was removed from the council, and lived afterwards iu retirement until his death, which saes send is 1SOI 11. was director of the Spanish academy of history, see of the few useful learned iastautioas of Seism and was also a member of the Academy of Belles Letter of Pons, and by the recom masslatios of Franklin, • member of Use Philosophical Society of Philecielpha. 1111 priaeipal works are: 'Aetiguidad Maritime de la Reesselsbee de Cartage.' with • translation of tins ' Periplus of 'Irmo,' Unrested by copious note*, 4to, Madrid, 1756. ' Diecurso sabre el Fositeoto de ia ludustria Popular,' Sna, Madrid. 1774. • Mecum 'ohm la ?Aurae* Popular de loo Artesano% y sn Fomento; 8vo, Madrid, 1775. In this last treaties ho combated the idea, then general
in Spain and most other countries of the continent, that mechanical prof...row were in their nature low and abject "Let the mechanical arts be Improved and ennobled by the assistance of education and seroUle knowledge ; let the artisans raise themselves by their skill, Maury, end 000duct, and the prejudice against the mechanical pro fessors will give way." Thor propositions of Carapomenes appear sow riferident, but in Lis time, and espocislly in Spam, they sounded Lk. a paradox, and it required a comaiderable degree of moral courage to assert them. As a continuation of the same anbject, Caropomanes wrote, 'Amodio... la Edurcion Popular,' 4 rola. 5vo, Madrid, 1776-77; a work ebrending with important information and valuable ideas on the *abject of popular progress. It also treats of the less affecting saanufseteres and the mechanical arts, and the beet means of extending and improving them. Camper:nines wrote also an historical disserta tion on the order of the Templer., and a treatise on the mortmain property premed by convects and other ecclesiastical bodies, in which be expressed opinions which drew upon him the hostility of sevorel powerful dignitaries of the church, and probably contributed to hie reamed from office.