Common
Common Malsesa. If This System Of Measuring Verse Were Adopted, The Prosody Not Only Of Our Own But Of The Learned Languages Would Be Greatly Simplified. The List Of Feet Which Is Usually Given At The Beginning Of The • Gradus Ad Parnassum; Would Be Reduced To Four Or Five ...
Composition Of Machinery
Machinery, Composition Of. The Composition Of A Ma Chine Is Usually Understood, By Writers On This Branch Of The Arts, To Involve All The Detailed Arrangements By Which The Power Exerted, However That Power Be Obtained, Is Made To Produce The Required Effects; Or In Other Words, Those Contrivances By ...
Confucius
Confucius. The Real Name Of Confucius Was Keeng-foo.tse The Jesuit Missionaries Gave It The Latinised Form In Which We Use It. According To Some Authorities, Confucius Lived Five Centuries And A Half, And, According To Others, Only Four Centuries And A Half, Before The Christian Era. There Is A Difference ...
Conon
Conon, An Athenian General, Was The Son Of Timotheus. The First Time He Is Mentioned In History Is 5.0. 413, In The Eighteenth Year Of The Peloponnesian War, When He Had The Command At Naupactua On The Corinthian Gulf. (thucyd. Vii. 31.) Conon Was The Chief Of The Ten Generals ...
Conrad H
Conrad H., Called The Salk, Duke Of Franconia, Was Elected King Of Germany After The Death Of Henry H., In 1024. He Annexed The Vast Dominions Of Burgundy To The German Confederation, Forced The King Of Poland To Do Homage For Silesia, And Ceded The Duchy Of Schleswig To Canute, ...
Conrad Iii
Conrad Iii., Of The House Of Hohenstauffen, Duke Of Franconia, Ind Nephew Of Henry V., Was Elected Kiug Of Germany In 1138, After He Death Of Lotharius Ii., Who Had Succeeded Henry. Conrad Bad Lready Been Proclaimed King Of Italy During The Life Of His Uncle. Ienry The Proud, Of ...
Conrad Iv
Conrad Iv., Son Of Frederic Ii. Emperor Of Germany, And King Of Italy And Of Sicily, Was Elected King Of The Romans In His Father's Lifetime ; But At The Death Of Frederic, In 1250. He Found A Competitor For The Crown Of Germany In The Person Of William Of ...
Conrad Oesne11
Oesne11, Conrad, An Eminent Scholar And Naturalist, Who Was A Thining Example Of The Truth Of The Remark, That Those Who Have Most So Do, And Are Willing To Work, Find Most Time. Beginning His Career Under All The Disadvantages Attendant On Poverty, Sickness, And Domestic Calamity, And Cut Off ...
Conradin
Conradin, Conitadi'no, Son Of Conrad Iv. And Of Elizabeth Of Bavarie, Was An Infant When His Father Died In 1251. Ile Was Acknowledged As Duke Of Suable, But Hie Father's Splendid Inherit Ance Of Sicily Lod Apulia Passed Into The Bands First Of Slanfrs-d And Afterwards Of Charles Of Anjou, ...
Constantine Pavlovich
Constantine Pavlovich, The Second Son Of The Emperor Paul Of Russia, And The Brother Of Two Other Emperors, Was Born At St. Petersburg On The 8th Of May (new Style) 1779. The Baptismal Name Of Constantine Was Bestowed On Him At The Desire Of His Grand Mother The Reigning Empress ...
Constantius I
Consta'ntius I., Called Chlorus, On Account Of Hie Habitual Paleness, Son Of Entropies, Of A Distinguished Illyrian Family, And Of Claudia, Niece Of The Emperor Claudius Il, Was Born About 250. He Served With Distinction Under Aurelian, Probus, And Diocletian. In The Year 291 Maxi:ohms, The Colleague Of Diocletian, Named ...
Constantius Ii Flavius Julius
Consta'ntius Ii. (flavius Julius), Son Of Constantine The Greet, Was Left By His Father's Will Emperor Of The East. The Troops However, In Order To Secure The Empire To The Three Sons Of Constantine, Killed Julius Constantine, Heltbrothor Of The Late Emperor, Daimatius And Anuibalienus, His Nephews, And Other Of ...
Construction Of Organ
Organ, Construction Of. We Have On Record Several Kinds F Hydraulic, The Pneumatic, The Barrel, And The Finger Or 'hunch Organ. Of The Hydraulic Organ We Know Little Beyond Its Having Been Perated On In Some Way By Water : It May Have Resembled The Clepsydra, R Water-clock, Which Chimed ...
Contarini
Contarini, An Illustrious Family Of Venice, Which Has Given To The Republic Many Senators, Doge; And Etateamen. The First Doge Of The Name Was Domenico Contarini, In The 11th Century; Another, Andrea Contarini, Was Doge During The War Of Chiozza. After The Genoese Had Taken That Place, And Were Threatening ...
Copley Vandyke Fielding
Fielding, Copley Vandyke, Was Born About 1787, And Belonged To A Family Several Of The Members Of Which Were Artists Of Greater Or Less Ability. Copley Fielding Exhibited His First Pictures At The -artists' Exhibition, Spring-gardens, In 1810. It Was By His Water-colour Landscapes That He First Attracted Notice, And ...
Corbera
Corbera, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Apocynacece, Contains Among Other Poisonous Species That From Which The Tanghin Poison Of Madagascar Is Procured. The Genus Cerbera Is Known By The Calyx Being Leafy, The Corolla Funnel-shaped, With A Clavate Tube, And Five Scales On Its Orifice, The ...
Corday
Corday D'alt51ans, Marie Anne Charlotte, Commonly Called Charlotte Corday, Who Numbered Among Her Ancestors The Great Tragedian Corneille, And Was Of Noble Family, Was Born At St. Saturnin, Near Seez, In Normandy, In 1768. The Republican Priu Ciples Of The Early Revolutionists Struck Deep Root In Her Enthusiastic Mind, And ...
Corinna
Corinna, A Greek Lyric Poetess, Was A Daughter Of Archelodorus Or Achelodorus And Procratia, And Was Born At Tanagra In Beeotia. As She Resided During Some Period Of Her Life At Thebes, She Is Some Times Called A Theban. She Bore The Surname Myia (stela, A Fly), And Is Often ...
Cornelius Cort
Cort, Cornelius, A Designer And Very Celebrated Engraver, Was Born At Horn In Holland In 1536. He Worked In His Youth For Jerome Cock, A Printseller Of Antwerp. He Then Went To Italy, Where In Venice He Was Received By Titian Into His House, And Engraved Several Of His Pictures ...
Cornelius Van Drebbel
Drebbel, Cornelius Van, Was Born At Alkmaar, In Holland, In 1572. He Is Chiefly Distinguished By Being The Inventor Of The Thermometer ; Or, At Least, By Sharing That Honour With Santorio. His Instrument, Which Is Said To Have Been First Used In Germany In 1621, Consisted Of A Tubo ...
Cosme Damian De Churruca
Churruca Y Elorza, Cosme Damian De, One Of The Most Distinguished Naval Officers Whom Spain Has Over Produced, Was Born At Motrico, A Sea-port Of The Province Of Guipuzcoa, On The 27th Of September 1761. He Was Intended For The Church, But In A Stay Which - He Made At ...
Cosmo I
Cosmo I., Duke Of Florence, And Afterwards Grand-duke Of Tuscany, Was The Son Of Giovanni De Medici, A Celebrated Condottiere Of The 15th Century, Who Was Descended In A Direct Line From Lorenzo, The Younger Brother Of The Elder Coamo. This Line Formed A Collateral Branch Of The First House ...
Cotton Manufacture
[cotton Manufacture.] Paisley And Manchester Are The Chief Seats Of The Muslin Manu Facture. Glasgow Houses Now Carry On A Vast Trade In Worked Or Embroidered Muslin. At First, The Women And Girls In The District Within Twenty Miles Of That City Were Employed In The Work ; But Afterwards ...
Count Carlo Gozzi
Gozzi, Count Carlo, Brother To Tho Preceding, Was Born In .eared 1772. At A Very Early Age He Displayed A Taste For Literature, And Applied Himself Wjth Such Knmodcmte Diligence To Reading As To Subject Himself To Frequent Fits Of Syncope, In The Course Of Which He Was At Four ...
Count Cavlus
Cavlu's, Count, Was Born At Paris In 3692. He Entered The Army In His Youth, And Made Some Campaigns In Catalonia And In Germany. After The Peace Of Itantadt, He Turned Hie Attention Entirely To The Hire Arta, And Went To Italy For The Purpose Of Studying Them. Afterward, Went ...
Count Giovanni Giraud
Giraud, Count Giovanni, One Of The Beet And Moat Popular Writers Of Italian Comedy, Was Born At Rome On The 28th Of October 1776, And Was Of A Noble And Wealthy Family, Originally Of French Extraction. Of His First Studies And His Early Passion For The Drama And Everything Connected ...
Count Leopold Cicognara
Cicogna'ra, Count Leopold, Was Born At Ferrara, Novem Ber 26, 1767, And. Although The Inheritor Of Considerable Wealth, Began Early To Distinguish Himself By His Application To Study. While Yet A Youth He Made Considerable Proficiency In Mathematics And Physics, Whereby He Recommended Himself To The Notice Of Spallanzani, Scarpa, ...
Count Oasparo Gozzi
Gozzi, Count Oasparo, A Writer Of Some Distinction In The Italian Literatuto Of The 18th Century, Was Born At 'venice, December 4, 1715. He Was Educated In A College At Murano, But Instead Of Applying Himself To The More Serious Parts Of Study, He Indulged Hie Natural Turn For Light ...
Count Pedro Rodriguez Campomanes
Campoma'nes, Count Pedro Rodriguez, A Distinguished Spanish Civilian And Statesman Of The 18th Century, Was Born Iu Asturian In 1723. During His Early Years He Travelled And Observed Much, And Studied Diligently The Works Of English And Other Writers On Phile. Soppy And Political Science. In 1765 Be Was Appointed ...
Count Valerian Krasinski
Krasinski, Count Valerian, Was A Native Of The Ancient Polish Province Of White Russia, And Was Descended From A Noble Family. The Branch To Which He Belonged Embraced At An Early Period The Protestant Faith, To Which He Adhered. He Received A Supe Rior Classical Education, And While Yet A ...
Count Von Diebitsch And
Anton, Count Von Diebitsch And Harden, Was Born On May 13, 1785, At Grosaleippe In Silesia. His Father Had Been Major And Aid-de-camp Under Frederick The Great In Tho Seven Years' War, But Subsequently Entered The Russian Service, And Attained The Rank Of Major-general. In 1797 The Son Entered In ...
Count Of Capo Distria
Capo D'istria, Count Of, Born At Corfu In 1730, Was The Son Of A Physician, And He Himself Began To Study Medicine At Venice, To Which Republic Corfu And The Other Ionian Islands Then Belonged. His Father Was Chief Of The Provisional Government Of The Ionian Islands In 1799, When ...
Court Of Probate
Probate, Court Of. The Grant Of Letters Of Administration Of The Effects Of Persons Dying Intestate, And Of Probate Of Tho Wills Of Testa Tors, Which Were Formerly The Prerogative Of The Ecclesiastical Courts [ecclesiastical Court2q, Have Been Recently (20 & 21 Viet. C. 77) Vested In A Newly Estali ...
Court Of Session
Session, Court Of, Is The Principal Tribunal Of Civil Jurisdiction In Scotland. As At Present Constituted, It Dates Back To The Year 1532, But It Was Then Reconstructed On The Basis Of Institutions Which Had Existed At A Much Earlier Period. The Early Records Of The Scottish Parliament Show That ...
Coustou
Coustou, The Name Of Two Very Distiuguished French Sculptor', Brothers, Of Lyon. Ntecedss Cousrou Was Burn In 1658, And Having Received Some Instruction From His Father, Who Was A Carver In Wood, Went In His Nineteenth Year To Paris, And Became The Pupil Of His Uncle, Antoine Coysevox, A Distinguished ...
Coyfel
Coyfel, The Name Of A Family Of Painters, Eminent In The History Of French Art. Nora Cover, The First Of The Family Who Attained Any Reputation, Was The Son Of Guyon Coypel, A Younger Son Of A Norman Family, And Was Born In 1623. Guyon Practised Painting, But Apparently With ...
Crassus
Crassus, The Surname Of Several Roman Families, And Especially Of The Triumvir Marcus Licinius. When He Is First Mentioned In History, He Is Spoken Of As Exceedingly Rich; And It Was Partly Owing To This Circumstance That He Was Appointed To Take The Command Against The Revolted Gladiators Of Capua. ...
Cratlnus
Cratl'nus, The Son Of Callimedea, A Writer Of The Old Oomedy, Was Born At Athena B.o. 519. It Is Not Known When He Began To Write Comedies ; It Is Inferred However From The Words Of Aristophanes ('eqq.' 524.530), That He Did Not Appear As A Dramatist Till Somewhat Advanced ...
Criminal Law
Law, Criminal. The Object Of The English, As Of Every Other System Of Criminal Law Is The Prevention Of Injuries By The Terror Of It Is Not Every Injury The Commission Of Which The Law Think, Fit To Prevent By Such Mains ; Iu Most Cases It Is Satisfied With ...
Cristoforo Coriolano
Cristoforo Coriolano, The Earliest, Appears To Have Been A German And A Native Of Nfirnberg, Whose Name, Doppelmayr Supposes, Was Lederer, But Having Settled In Italy He Translated It Into Coriolano. He Cut, Besides Many Other Works, The Very Clever Portraits In The Second Edition Of Vasari, Which Was Published ...
Ctesias
Cte'sias, The Eon Of Ctesiochus, Was A Creek Physician And Historian, Who Flourished About The End Of The Fifth Century B.c. He Belonged To An A.sclepiad House At Cnidoe, But Spent Seventeen Years Of His Life At The Court Of Artaxerxes Mnemon. (diodor. Ii. 32.) We Gather From Tzetzes (chit ...
Cuarlls Frederic Inwood
Cuarlls Frederic Inwood, Second Eon Of William Inwood, Born November 28th 1798, Besides Assisting His Father In His Works, Was The Architect Of Tho Church Of All Saints At Great Marlow, In Bucklug Which Was Completed In 1835. Ile Also Built The St. Pancras National School In Southampton Street, Eustou ...
Cujas Cu Us
Cu.! Us, Cujas, Jacques, Was Burn At Toulouse In The Year 1520. The Day Of His Birth Is Unknown. His Father, It Tanner Of Toulouse, Was Named Cujaus, Which The Sou Changed Into Cults, For The Purpose Of Making The Name Better Suited Fur The Latinised Form Of Cujacius. Iu ...
Customary Law Of Normandy
Normandy, Customary Law Of. Previous To The First Revolution The Several Provinces Into Which France Was Divided Were Chiefly Governed By A System Of Laws Which, Arising Originally From Local Usages, Became In After Time Embodied In A Code Which Obtained The Sanction Of The Sovereign, And Became The Established ...
Cusway
Cusway, Itichaltd, Ila., Was Born In 1740 At Tiverton, In Devonshire, Where Hie Family, Originally Flemish, Had Been Long Settled, And His Father Was Master Of The Public School. Ile Was Placed By His Uncle, The Mayor Of Tiverton, With Hudson, And After Ward, At Shipley's Drawing•school In The Strand. ...
Cuthbert Collingwood
Collingwood, Cuthbert, Admiral Lord, Was Born On The 26th Of September 1750, At Newcastle-upon-tyne. At The Age Of Eleven He Was Sent To Sea As A Midshipman, Under The Care Of Captain (afterwards Admiral) Brathwaite, Who Was The Aon Of His Mother's Sister, And Who Seems To Have Taken Extraordinary ...
Cyanide Of Phenyl
Phenyl, Cyanide Of. [ Beseoto Am.) [fonstrl.] Philipikans, Epistle To The, Is One Of The Epistles Written By St. Paul Dosing His First Imprisonment At Rome. [pens, St., In Bioo. Drv.] Like The Other Early Churches Planted Out Of Palestine, The Church At Philippi In Macedonia Consisted Of Jews And ...
Cybo
Cybo, A Genoese Family, Said To Be Of Greek Extraction, Several Individuals Of Which Distinguished Themselves In The Military Service Of Their Country During The Middle Ages. Pops Innocent Viii., Who Was Elected In 1485, Was Of This Family ; And His Grandson, Lorenzo Cybo, Married, About 1520, Ricciardi Malaspina, ...
Cyrus I
Cyrus I., Founder Of The Persian Monarchy, Began To Reign About Ae. 559. Even In The Time Of Herodotus The History Of Cyrus Was So Obscured By Legendary Tales That The Truth Could Not Be Separated From The Fiction. His Original Name Appears To Have Been Agradatos (straws, P. 729 ...
Cyrus Il
Cyrus Il Was The Son Of Darius Ii. And Parysalis. Artaxerxes, The Eldest Sou Of Darius, Succeeded Him A.a King: But Cyrus Disputed The Right Of Succession, And Fouudod His Own Claim On The Fact That Ho Was The First-born After The Accession Of His Father. Cyrus Was The Favourite ...
D Arezzo Guido
Guido, D' Arezzo, Who Stands Very Prominently In All Musical Histories As The Discoverer Of The Path Which Led To The Invention Of The Modern System Of Notation, And Of The True Art Of Teaching Singiog, Together With Other Improvements, Was Born At Arezzo In Tuscany, Towards The End Of ...
Da Carrara
Carra'ra, Da, The Name Of An Historical Family Of Italy, Which Held Sovereign Sway Over Padua And The Neighbouring Provinces During The Middle Ages. Like Most Of The North. Italian Nobility Of That Period The Carrara Appear To Have Beeu Of Longobard Origin. One Of Their Ancestors, By Name Luitelf, ...
Dagobett I
Dagobett I., Son Of Clotarius Il, Encore& I Him In 628 In The Frankish Monarchy. Lie Gave His Brother Carib Ert A Part Of Aquitania, With The City Of Toulouse; But Caribert Dying In 630, Dagobert Reunited The Whole Monarchy Under His Sceptre, And Caused Chilperic, Caribert's Eldest Son, To ...
Daiwus
Daiwus, The Name Of Several Persian Kings. Darius I., Commonly Called Darius Hystaspis, Or The Eon Of Hystaspis, Belonged To The Royal House Of The Achmmenidm, And Mounted The Throne N.c. 521, After Having, With Six Other Conspirators, Despatched The Usurper Smerdis. It Was One Day Agreed Among Them, According ...
Dalrymple Family
Dalrymple Family. The Surname Of This Family Is Derived From The Lends Of Dalrymple, In The Shire Of Ayr, Of Which, In Remote Times, The Chief Of The House Was Proprtctor. The Family Appears To Have Been Of Importance Very Early, For In The Reigu Of King Robert 11l, Duncan ...
Damasus I
Da'masus I., The Son Of A Presbyter, Was Elected Bishop Of Rome After The Death Of Liberiva, A.d. 366. A Party Among The Clergy Elected The Deacon Ursinus In Opposition To Damasus, And The People, Who Had Then A Share In The Elections, Being Equally Divided, The Two Parties Fought ...
Daniel
Daniel, One Of The Four Great Prophets (isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel). From The First Chapter Of The Book Of This Prophet We Learn That He Was Of The Tribe Of Judah ; That When A Child He Was Carried Captive To Babylon By Nebuchadnezzar, In The Third Year Of The ...
Daniel Chodowiecki
Chodowiecki, Daniel, A Distinguished Miniature-painter And Etcher Of The 18th Century, Was Born At Danzig In 1726. His Father Was A Tradeaman Of Danzig, And Daniel Was Brought Up And Continued In The Business Until His Father'a Death In 1740. In 1743 He Removed To Berlin, And Entered Into The ...
Daniel De Foe
De Foe, Daniel, The Son Of James Foe, A Butcher In The Parish Of St. Giles, Cripplegate, Was Born In London In 1661. Of His Youth Ful Years We Have Nothing Particular To Relate. His Father, Who Was A Dissenter, Sent Him To A Dissenting Academy At Newiugtou Green, Conducted ...
Daniel Heins1us
Heins1us, Daniel, Was Born At Ghent In 1580 Or 1581. He Was Taken To England At An Early Age By His Father, Who Was Obliged To Leave Holland In Consequence Of The Part He Took In The Wars Which Then Prevailed In His Native Country. His Father Returned To Holland ...
Daniell
Daniell. Ivittetar Daniell, Ila., Painter And Engraver, Was Born In 1769, And At The Age Of Fourtecu Accompanied His Uncle, Thomas Daniell, To India. They Commenced Their Journey At Cape Comorin, And Explored And Sketched Almost Everything That Was Beautiful Or Interesting In The Country Between That Point And &rine. ...
Dante
Dante.] • Oh1beitti, Lorenzo. Of This Sculptor, Who Makes An Epoch In The History Of Italian And Modern Art Generally, The Precise Year Of His Birth Is Not Known; For Though Vasari States It To Have Been 1380, It Ie More Probable That It Was Rather Earlier; And Accordingly Some ...
David Calderwood
Calderwood, David, Was A Native Of Scotland, And Was Brought Up To The Church. He Was Born In 1575. In 1604 Be Became The Minister Of The Pdrish Of Crelling In The South Of Scotland, Where Be Was Greatly Respected. When James I. Of England Visited Scotland In 1617 For ...
David Chalmers
Chalmers, David, Of Ormond, Was Born In The Shire Of Roes About The Year 1530. He Was Bred To The Church, And Having Taken Orders At Aberdeen, Where He Had His Early Education, He Proceeded Abroad And Studied Theology And The Laws In France And Italy. At Bologna He Was, ...
David Cox
* Cox, David, Was Born At Birmingham In 1793. About The Commencement Of The Present Century The Representations Of Land Scapes In Water-colours From Feeble And Ineffective Tinted Drawings Had Been Raised, Chiefly By The Genius Of Girtin And Turner, Almost To Rivalry With Paintings In Oil. Among The Many ...
David Don
Don, David, Was Born At Forfar In Scotland, In 1800. His Father Was Proprietor Of A Nursery And Botanic Garden In This Place, And Is Well Known As Having Been An Acute Practical Botanist, And One Who Cultivated The Botany Of His Native Country With Great Success. When David Was ...
David Douglas
Douglas, David, Was Born At Scone, In Perthshire, Iu 1798, Where His Father Was A Working Mason. He Received A Plain Education At The Parish School Of Kinnoul, And Was Early Placed As An Apprentice In The Garden Of The Earl Of Mansfield, At Scone Palace. As A Lad Ho ...
David Garrick
Garrick, David, Descended From A French Protestant Family Of The Name Of Gerrit, Or Garrique, Was Born On The 20th Of February 1716, At The Angel Inn, Hereford. His Father Was Captain Peter Garrick, Of The Old Buffs, Then Recruiting In That City, And His Mother, Whose Maiden Name Was ...
David Greoory
David Greoory Was The Son Ofjamesoregory'a Elder Brother David, A Remarkable Man, Skilled In Medicine, Philosophy, And Mathematics, And The First Person, It Is Said, Who Possessed A Barometer In Scotland. (hutton, 'math. Diet.') David Gregory Was Born At Aberdeen Iu 1661, And There Received The Early Part Of His ...
David Hamilton
Hamilton, David, A Scotch Architect, Was Born In Glasgow, May 1], 1768. Of His Professional Education And Earlier Studies Little Is Known. We Must Therefore Content Ourselves With Enumerating Some Of His Principal Works, Which Alone Will Show That Be Was Exten Sively Employed. At Glasgow, Besides The Exchange, He ...
David Hartley
Hartley, David, Was Born On The 30th Of August 1705, And Was The Bon Of A Derepnan Of Armley In Yorkshire. !laving Teen First *lusted At A Private Wheel, He Entered, At Fifteen Years Of Age, At Jesu? College, Cambridge, And Became In Time A Fellow Of That Society. Scraplee, ...
David Hubie
Hubie, David, Was Born At Edinburgh On The 26th Of April 1711. His Father's Family Was A Branch Of That Of The Earl Of Hume, Or Hume; But It Was Not A Wealthy Family, And Hume, Being Besides A Younger Brother, Inherited But A Slander Patrimony. Ha Was Destined By ...