CALDERWOOD, DAVID, was a native of Scotland, and was brought up to the church. He was born in 1575. In 1604 be became the minister of the pdrish of Crelling in the south of Scotland, where be was greatly respected.
When James I. of England visited Scotland in 1617 for the purpose of introducing, by the aid of a Scottish parliament and the general assembly, certain legal enactments, the object of which was to bring the Scottish church into conformity with the church of England, Calderwood was one of those who were most strenuous in their opposition. He and other ministers of the church having signed a protest against the proposed measures, they were sum moned before a court of high commission in which the king himself presided. Persecution and threats having both failed to make Calder wood change his opinions, he was thrown into prisou, and was after wards banished from the kingdom. He went to Holland, where in 1621-23, he published iu 4to a work in Latin, entitled`Altars Damaecenum,' &c., iu which ha enters into a full examination of The principles of the Church of England, its government, ceremonies, and connection with the state. The work made a great impression at the time, and was translated into English under the title of ' The Altar of Damascus, or the Pattern of the English Hierarchy and Church, obtruded upon the Church of Scotland,' 12mo, 1621. A report having
been spread that Calderwood was dead, a man named Patrick Scot published a pretended recantation, with the title Calderwood's Recantation, directed to such iu Scotland as refine Conformity to the Ordinances of the Church,' London, 1622. It was soon discovered to be a base forgery, and the king himself was accused of having lent his assistance in writing it. Calderwood in the meantime had returned secretly to Scotland, where he lived some years in concealment. He collected the materials for a History of the Church of Scotland,' which are preserved in manuscript in the Advocates Library, Edin burgh, in 6 vole folio, with a preface detailing the principal circum stances of his life. From the materials of this work Calderwood wrote his ' History of the Church of Scotland from the Becinning of the Reformation unto the End of the Reign of James VI., begin ning 1560 and ending 1625,' folio. He is supposed to have died in 1651.