'se, %V., population of the township 3592, Is about 31 miles E. by S. from Huddersfield. The manufacture of woollen-cloth and of fancy woollen goods, the making of cards for jacquard looms, scribbling- and fulling-mills, and chemical works, furnish employment to the workiug population. Linthwaite, W., population of the township 3S02, about 41 miles S.W. from Huddersfield, has a district church, two chapels for Baptists, two for Wesleyan Methodists, aud a National school. The manufacturea are those of woollen-cloth aud small wares. Lytle, N., population of the township 1094, is on the coast, 4 miles N.W. from Whitby. The church was restored a few years back ; there is a Dissenting chapel. Many of the inhabitants are employed in alum works. Marsden, W., population of the chapelry 2665, about 7 miles S.W. from Huddersfield, is situated on the banks of the rivers Wes eenden and Caine. The woollen-cloth manufacture is extensively carried on. There are also a mill for the spinning of silk and a very extensive iron-foundry, in which water-wheels, steam-engines, steam engine boilers, and other large pieces of machinery are made. There are in Marsden a chapel of ease, chapels for Wesleyan Methodists and Independents, a National school, a Town school, and a school con ducted by Independents. Fairs are held at Marsden in April, July, and September ; that in September is a great cattle fair. Mdthant, W., population of the chapelry 3758, about 5 miles S.S.W. from Hud dersfield, contains numerous mills for the manufacture of woollen cloth ; for cotton-spinning ; for the manufacture of sewing-cottou; and for silk-throwing. There are also collieries, au irou-foundry, dye works, and fulling-mills. In 3335 the parish church was enlarged, and the present tower erected. There are chapels for Baptists and Wes leyan Methodists, and a Church achooL Merborough, W., population of the township 1506, is about 6 miles N.N.E. from Rotherham. Besides the parish church, a spacious ancient edifice with a tower and spire, there are chapels for Wesleyan, Primitive and New Counexion Methodiata; and National and British schools. Here are an extensive iron-foundry, engineering and railway wheel-works; the Don bottle and glassworks; an extensive pottery ; and stone-quarries aud col lieries. Dfirfield, W., population of the parish 6966, about 3 miles NV. by S. from Dewsbury, has a large share of the woollen-cloth manu facture; malting is carried on, aud there are several corn-mills. There are here an ancient parish church ; chapels for Wesleyan, Primitive, and New Connexion Methodists, Baptists, and Moraviane ; a Moravian school, and a Natloual school. honk Bretton, W., population of the township 1810, ie 2 miles N.E. from Barnsley. Besides the church there are Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels, National schools, and Talbot'e hospital for six poor widows. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in linen-weaving and bleaching. Murky, W., population of the township 4821, about 4 miles W. from Leeds, has manufactures of woollen-cloth. In the village are a parochial chapel ; chapels for Wes leyan and Primitive Methodists, and Independents; National schools, and schools supported by Independents and Wesleyan Methodists. Nesrport frallinyfen, or Pine Village, known also as Rirerbridge, E., population of the township 373, about 7 miles E. by N. from Howden, is a village of recent origin. The place was a fen, or uncultivated morass, but towards the close of last century, the manufacture of bricks, tiles, and coarse earthenware was commenced, and has continued to increase. There are chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. Norton [New MALTON]. Osmotherley, N., population of the township 935, is about 7 miles E.N.E. from Northallertou. There are here a perish church, places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics; and a National school. Linen-weaving and bleaching are carried on. Ouctt, W., population of the joint township of Oseett with Gswthrope 6266, about 4 miles W. from Wakefield, is important for its extensive woollen manufactures; worsted-spinning also employs many of the inhabitants. There are here a district church, chapels fur Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists and Inde pendeuts; National, Free, Wesleyan Methodist, and Infant schools ; and two subscription libraries. Oulton, or Outten, W., population of the township 1771, about 5 miles S.E. from Leeds, is a neat village, containing a fine gothic church, with a lofty spire, a chapel for Wesleyan Methodists, and National and Infant schools. Tanning, paper-snaking, nail-making, malting and brewing are carried on. North Oterant, W., population of tho township 15,285, about 2 miles N.N.E. from Halifax, has extensive stuff manufactories, and stone-quarries. There are a chapel fur Independents, and an Infant school. South °tyrant, W., population of the township 7390, about 2 miles S.E. from Halifax, possesses important atone-quarries; and many of the inhabit ants are engaged in the worsted manufacture. There are hero a chapel of ease, a chapel for Wesleyan Methodists, and a National school. Paddock [II anDEnsnELD]. Pad, or Paghill, E., population of the township 606, about 2 miles S.W. from !leder], ou the left bank of the Humber, possesses an extensive shrimp fishery. Several line-of-hattlo ships were built here during the French war. Paul's church is a small cruciform chnrch of the decorated style. A lighthouse was erected at Paul in 1836. Puelsey, W., population of the ecclesiastical district '1943; of the township 11,603, about 4 miles E. by N. from Bradford, possesses extensive manufactories of woollen-cloth. There are here a handsome gothic church, chapels for Wesleyan and New Connexion Methodists, and Independents, and National schools. Rope-making, tanning, hat-making, and brewing are carried on. Bastrick, W., popu lation of the chapelry 3917, is about 6 miles S.E. from Halifax. Machine-making, card-making, and the manufacture of stuff and fancy goods, employ some of the population. The village possesses a neat elsurels, places of worship for Independents and Quakers, an Endowed Erse school, and a British school. Rawmarsh, W., population of the pariah 2533, about 2 miles N. by E. from Rotherham. In the vicinity are extensive steel-works, a manufactory of sheet-iron and rails for ,railways, and atisiderable pottery establishments. There are here a parish church, two chapels for Dissenters, a Grammar school, and an Infaut school. Redrar, N., population of the township 1032, about 6 miles N. from Gaiusborough, Is situated on the shore of the North Sea. near the mouth of the river Tees. The coast at this point is extremely daugeroua, in consequence of which a life-boat is maintained at the place. The town is much resorted to by visitors for sea-bathing. Ripponden, W., is about 6 miles S. from Halifax, finely situated on the river Ityburn, in a fertile vale. There are hero cotton-spiuning establishments, and manufactures of fuatians and other cotton goods In the village are a district church and a National school. Cattle fairs are held on the Wednesday in Easter week, and the Thursday after Michaelmas day. W., population of the township 1540, is about 7 miles S.S.W. from Halifax. Wheelwright's School, established in 1725, has an income from endowment of about 20001. a year. The inhabitants are largely engaged in cotton-spinning. Both well, W., population of the township 3052, about 6 miles N. by E. from Wakefield, has a parish church, a chapel for Wesleyan Methodists, and Nat ional,Wesleyan, and Infant schools. Near the church are remains of a castle or castellated mansion. Rope- and twine-making, basket-making, malting, hat-making, and paper-making, are carried on in the village. Rustearp, N., population of tho township, 2163, is about 2 miles S. from Whitby. Across the Esk here the Whitby and Pickering rail way is carried by a wooden bridge of excellent construction. At a short distance is an elegant suspension-bridge. Saltaire, W. ; the village of this name will be found under Manufactures, ante, col. 1205. Great Sandell, W., population of the township 1536, about 2 miles S.E. from Wakefield, possesses a neat parish church, a Free school, a School of Industry, and an Infant school. Shipley, W., population of the township 3272, is about 3 miles N. by W. from Bradford, on the right bank of the river Aire. The woollen manufacture employs many persona in the village. The making of machines, railway carriage wheels, whiting, and paper is carried on. There are here a district church, chapels for Wesleyan Methodists and Baptists, a Church school, and a British schooL Silkstone, W., population of the township 1037, is about 3 miles W. from Barnaley. The church is of the early English style. There are chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and a National schooL The collieries of the neighbour hood are very extensive. Silthlen, or Sighelden, W. population of the hamlet 2508, is about 4 miles N. from Keighley. Considerable quantities of nails are made here. There is a handsome gothic church, rebuilt in 1815, with a this square tower. In the village is a National schooL Skelmanthorpe, W., about 8 miles N.W. by W. from Barnsley. A handsome new church and school-house have been recently erected. The Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists have places of worship, and there is a National schooL Fancy woollens are manu factured here. Staithwalle, W., population of the chapelry 2852, about 5 miles S.W. from Huddersfield, possesses extensive manu factories of woollen-cloth and small wares. Cotton-spinning, machine making and brewing are carried on; and there are fulling- and scribbling-mills. There are here a large chapel of the Establishment, a National school, and a Classical and Commercial academy. Sowerby, or, as it is commonly called, Sowerby Town, W., population of the township 7908, about 3i miles S.W. from Halifax, stands on an elevated site. In the chapel of ease is a statue of Archbishop Tillotson, oho was born at Sowerby. A district church was erected in 1840 in the Norman style, and dedicated to St. George. The Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, and Baptists have chapels, and there is a National school. Weaving and wool-combing are carried on to a large extent. Spcfforth, W., population 1113, about 15 miles W. from York, has a parish church and a chapel for Wesleyan Methodists. This place was in ancient times the chief seat of the Percy family. Of the castle, there are ruins of the grand hall, upwards of 70 feet long, with large pointed gothic window& Stainland, W., population of the township 4173, is about 4 miles S. from Halifax. The woollen manu facture and cotton spinning employ a considerable number of the inhabitant& There are here a church, erected in 1840, and chspela for Wesleyan Methodists and Independent& &althea, N., popu lation included in the chapelry of Roxby, is situated on the coast, about 11 miles N.W. by W. from Whitby. The inhabit ants cure a considerable portion of their take of herrings for exporta tion. A short distance along the coast westward are extensive alum-works. Stanningley, NV., population included with the parishes of Leeds and Calverley, is about 3i miles N.E. from Bradford, on the road between Bradford and Leeds. There are in the village a district church, chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists and Baptists, and a Town's school. Besides woollen and worsted manufactories there are extensive iron-foundries; and factories for steam-engines and railway wheels, and for machines used in the woollen manufacture. Staanosgcon, W., is 4 miles W. by N. from Sheffield : population of the ecclesiastical district 2350. The church was erected in 1830; there are a Wesleyan Methodist and a Unitarian chapel, and a National echooL Swinejteet, W., population of the township 1152,
on the right bank of the river Ouse, about 2 miles E. by S. from Goole, has a chapel of ease, an ancient brick building ; chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists ; a National school ; and a school supported by Wesleyan Methodists. Swinton, W., population of the chapelry 1817, about 5 miles N. by E. from Rotherham, is the chief seat of the china and earthenware manufacture in this part of the country. The principal works are the well-knowu Rockingham Works and the Don Pottery. There are also iron-works, stone-quarries, and collieries. St,. Mary's church was rebuilt in 1816 ; there are chapels for Wesleyan Methodists and Independents ; a National and an Infant school. Thornhill, NV., population of the township 2791, is about 2 miles S. from Dewsbury, on the right bank of the river Calder. The parish church is an early English structure. There are chapels for Wesleyan Methodists and Baptists, a Free Grammar school, and a Free school. Tanning, lime-burning, malting, and boat-building are carried on. In the vicinity are chemical-works, glass-bottle-works, iron-works, and coal-mines. Thornton, W., population of the township 8051, about 4 miles W. from Bradford, is largely engaged in the worsted manufacture ; there are hare a chapel of ease, chapels for Wesleyan Methodists and Independents, and National and Free achools. The manufacture of Heald yarn, shuttle-making, and clog-making, give some employment. Thornton Dale, N., population of the parish 927, about 24 miles E. by S. from Pickering, contains, in addition to the parish church, chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, Lady Lumley's Free Grammar school, almshouses, and a British school. Thurlstone, W., population of the township 2018, is one mile and a half W. from Penistone, in the midst of a wild moorland tract. Tho Wesleyan Methodists and Independents have places of worship. Tho woollen-cloth manufacture is carried on; in the vicinity are numerous gritstone-quarries. Thurstonland, NV., population 1320, is about 7 miles S. from Huddersfield, in the Holmefirth valley. The inhabitants are engaged in the woollen manufactures, and in the coal-mines of the vicinity. There are here a chapel of case, a chapel for Wesleyan Methodists, and a Free school. Topdiffe, N., population of the town ship 710, about 4 miles S.S.W. from Thirsk, occupies a romantic situation on the left hank of the river Swale. The parish church is of considerable antiquity ; the Wesleyan Methodists have a chapel, and there is a Grammar school. Fairs for sheep, horned cattle, and horses are held on July 17th and 18th. In the parish are some remains of Maiden Bower, a seat of the Percys. Irj'ads/ey, W., population of the ecclesiastical district 4333, occupies a pleasant situation on an eminence above the right bank of the Don, 4 miles N.W. from Sheffield. Thera are here a neat gothic church, and Free, National, and Infant schools. The inhabitants are engaged in the manufacture of the coarser kinds of pocket-knives. At Wadsley Bridge are extensive steel works. 1Vath-upon-Dearne, W., population of the township 1495, is situated on a slope near the Dearna and Dove Canal, 5 miles N. by E. from Rotherham. Besides the parish church there are a Wesleyan Methodist chapel, an Endowed Free school, a Girls and an Infant school. Many of the inhabitants are employed iu extensive potteries, ironworks, and collieries. Welton, E., population of the township 682, about 10i miles E. from Hull, has a very ancient parish church, a Wesleyan Methodist chapel, and a National school. Wentworth, W., population of the township 1556, is pleasantly situated about 4 miles N.W. from Rotherham. Besides the parish church there are Free, National, and Infant schools, a mechanics institute, and an hospital for six poor men and six poor women. Wentworth is the property of Earl Fitzwilliam, whose splendid scat, Wentworth House, stands in a fine park, a little to the south-east of the village. The mansion has a façade 600 feet long; the gallery, 130 feet long, contains a fine collection of paintings by the great Italian masters. Iu the park is a mausoleum erected in honour of the celebrated Marquis of Rocking ham. Whixley, W., population of the township 636, about 11 miles N.W. by W. from York, has a parish church, a Wesleyan Methodist chapel, and Tancred'a hospital for 12 decayed gentlemen. Tanning is carried on, and iu the vicinity are market-gardens and nurseries. Walsden, W., population 3454, about 5 miles N.W. from Bradford, has extensive manufactories of worsted-yarn and worsted-cloth. There are a district church, chapels for Wesleyan Methodists and Inde pendents, National schools, and a mechanics institute. Wilton, East, N., population of the parish 610, is pleasantly situated about 2 miles S.E. from Middleham. The church is a neat building, erected about 1810 by the Marquis of Ailesbury. The village is the property of the Marquis of Ailesbury, whose mansion is at a short distauca from the ruins of Jervaulx Abbey. This abbey was founded about the middle of the 12th century. The ruins are much visited. lVooldale, W., population of the township 5600, about 51 miles S. from Hudders field. The woollen-cloth manufacture and the collieries are the chief sources of employment. The Wesleyan Methodists and Quakers have places of worship, and there is a Wesleyan school. 1Vorthorough, W., population of the township 4250, is situated in Worsborough Dale, 3 miles S. from Barnsley. Besides the parochial chapel, which is ancient, the Wesleyan Methodists have a chapel, and there is a Free schooL In the village and its immediate neighbourhood are iron- and glass-works, paper-mills, and collieries. Yeadon, NV., population cf the ecclesiastical district 4109, about 34 miles S. by E. from Otley, is a busy manufacturing village, with a new church, and chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, Divisions for Ecclesiastical and Legal Purposes.—Yorkshire is in the archiepiscopal province of York. The county is divided between the dioceses of York and Ripon, which are subdivided as follows :—The diocese of York consists] of the archdeaconry of York, or the West Riding, containing the deaneries of the city of York and Ainsty, and of Doncaster ; the archdeaconry of the East Riding, containing the deaneries of Buckrose, Dickering, Harthill and Hull, of South Holder ness, and of North Holderness; and the archdeacoory of Cleveland, containing the deaneries of Bulmer, Cleveland, and Ridall. The diocese of Ripon consists of the archdeaconry of Craven, containing the deaneries of Craven and of Pontefract ; and the archdeaconry of Richmond, containing the deaneries of Boroughbridge, Richmond, Ripon, Catterick, and Clapham.
Yorkshire is iu the northern circuit, and the assizes are held at York. The quarter sessions for the city are held at York, those for the East Riding at Beverley, those for the North Riding at Northal lerton, and those for the West Riding at Pontefract, Skipton, Brad ford, Rotherham, Knaresborough, Leeds, Doncaster, Wakefield, and Sheffield. County courts are held at Barnsley, Beverley, Boston, Bradford, Bridlington, Dewsbury, Doncaster, Great Driffield, Easing wold, Goole, Halifax, Hedon, Helmsley, Holmfirtb, Howden, Hudders field, Keighley, Kingston-upon-Hull, Knaresborough, Leeds, Leyburn, New Mahon, Northallerton, Otley, Pocklington, Pontefract, Richmond, Ripon, Rotherham, Saddleworth, Scarborough, Selby, Settle, Sheffield, Skiptoo, Stokesley, Thirsk, Thorne, Wakefield, Whitby, and York. In our notice of PICKErtma it is erroneously stated that a county court is held in that town. The county jail is at York, the house of correction for the North Riding at Northallerton, that for the East Riding at Beverley, and that for the West Riding at Wakefield ; and there are other prisons at York, Richmond, Beverley, Hull, Leeds, Bradford, Koaresborough. Ripon, Rotherham, Doncaster, Halifax, Sheffield, and Rothwell. A new lunatic asylum for the East and North Ridings, capable of contain 320 patients, has been recently erected at Clifton near York, at a cost of about 50,000/. The lunatic asylum for the West Riding is at Wakefield. For poor-law purposes the three Ridings are treated as distinct counties. By the Poor-Law Commissioners the East Riding is divided Into 10 Poor-Law Unions : —Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Howden, Kingsten.upon-Hull, Patrington, Pocklington, Sculcoates, Skirlaugh, and York. These unions include 370 parishes and townships, with an area of 714,661 acres, and a population in 1851 of 250,463. The North Riding is divided into 16 unions :—Bainbridge, Bedale, Essiogsvold, Gnisborough, Helmeley Blackmoor, Kirkby Mooraide, Leyburn, Northaller ton, Pickering, Reetb, Richmond, Scarborough, Stokesley, Think, and Whitby. These unions include 485 parishes and townships, with an area of 1.218,180 acres, and • population in 1851 of 195,735. The West Riding is divided into 30 unions:—Barnsley, Barwick, North Bierley, Bradford, Carlton, Dewsbury, Doncaster, Ecelesall Bierlow, Goole, Halifax, Hemeworth, Huddersfield, Keigbley, Knaresborough, Leeds, Onseburn, Pateley Bridge, Peoistone, Great Preston, Ripon, Rotherham, Saddleworth, Sedbergb, Selby, Settle, Sheffield, Skipton, Thorne, Wakefield, and Wortley. These unions include 642 parishes and township., with an area of 1,602,584 acres, and a population in 1851 of 1,237,675.
Each of the three Ridings of Yorkshire has a distinct lord-lieutenant. The county of York anciently sent two members to parliament, but this number was increased to four before the passing of the Reform Act, by the addition of two members taken from the disfranchised borough of Grampound, in Cornwall. Under the Reform Act each of the three Ridings has the right of electing two members, those for the North Riding being elected at York, those for the West Riding at Wakefield, and those for the Emit Riding at Beverley. The same Act disfranchised the boroughs of Aldborough, Boroughbridge, and Hedon ; reduced Thirsk and Northallarton from two members each to one each ; gave one member each to Huddersfield, Wakefield, and Whitby ; and two each to Bradford, Halifax, Leeds, and Sheffield. The places which formerly sent members, aud retained two each under the Reform Bill, are Beverley, Hull, Knaresborough, New Mahon, Pontefract., Richmond, Ripon, Scarborough, and York. The total number of members returned from the county prior to the Reform Act was 32 ; the number abolished by that Act was 8, and the number added 13; thee making the present number of repre sentatives 37.
History and the time of the invasion of Britain by C. Julius Caesar, this part of the island, together with the neighbour ing counties, was Inhabited by the Brigantee. The Roman power was not established In this district until the reign of the Emperor Vespa alan, when, about the year A.D. 71, the Brigantee were subdued by Petillus Cerealis. Nearly half a century later, about the year 120, the Emperor Hadrian formed a wall or rampart of earth across the island from Solway Frith to the German Ocean, and subsequently took np his residence for a time at Eboracum, now the city of York. After Hadrian left, the Brigantes attempted to throw off the Roman yoke ; but the next remarkable event In the history of Yorkshire is the visit of the Emperor SeptImius Severus, who, about the year 206 or 207, came over In person, and after proceedings of which a brief account is given under BRrrANNIA, died about the yen 210 or 211, at York. The Emperor Constantine Chlorus resided for a considerable time at York, and died there in 306 or 307; and his son Constantinus, commonly called Constantine the Great, was proclaimed emperor at that city by the soldiery.