Campanella had become very intimate at Rome with the Duke de Noailles, ambassador of Louis XIII., and this intimacy, added to the old suspicions of the agents of Spain, made them cry aloud against the protection granted by the pope to a turbulent friar, whom they com pared to Luther. Campanella stood evidently in danger, even in the midst of Rome; so great was then the dread of the Spanish power in Italy, that the pope's protection was deemed insufficient. Naoilles proposed to Campanella to take refuge in France, and he sent him off in his own carriage, disguised as one of his attendants, and with letters of recommendation to the minister Cardinal Richelieu. Campanella arrived safely at Marseille, in October, 1634; he saw at Aix the learned Peireso, who treated him most kindly and provided him with neces saries for the remainder of his journey. At Paris he had a very favourable reception from Richelien, who conversed with him confi dentially ou the affairs of Italy, and introduced him to Louis XIII., who granted him a pension. Campanella, worn out by his sufferings, retired to the convent of his order, the afterwards famous Convent of the Jacobins in the Rue St. Honor6, where he died, in 1639.
The works of Campanella are very numerous. The Dominican bibliographers Echard and Quetif, ‘Scriptor. Ord. Prxdic.,' give a long catalogue of his inedited works. Among thrice that have been pub Balled, the following are deserving of notice :—'Prodromus Philosophise Instaurandw, pen de Nature Rerum, cum Prxfatione ad Philosophos Germanire, Frankfurt, 1617. The preface is by Tobias Adami, a learned German, who became acquainted with Campanella in his con finement at Naples. Campanella intrusted him with several of his manuscripts. ' De &nen Rerum et Magia Libri IV., ubi demonetratur 31undum ease Dei vivam statuam beneque cognoscentem ; omncs illius partes seneu donates ease, quatenns ipaarum conservationi sufficit: et fere omnium natura, arcanoruna reperiuntur rationes,' Frankfurt, 1620. This work was composed, as well as several others, by Campanella during his Neapolitan captivity, and was published in Germany by Adami, but the author published a second edition of it at Paris in 1636, which he dedicated to Cardinal Richelieu. Father Mersenne wrote to refute the book as heretical, and Atbanasius of Constantinople wrote against it in his 'Anti-Campanella,' Paris, 1655. Realie eophim Epilogiaticre Partes IV., cum Tobias Adami Annotationibus; accedit Appendix politicus sub hoc Titulo : Civitas Solis, seu Idea Reipublicaa Philosophiem,' Frankfurt, 1620. The 'Civitas Solis' has been often reprinted separately, and translated into various languages. ' Apologia pro Galileo, ubi disquiritur utrum ratio philosophandi quern Galileus celebrat faveat Scripturis sacris an adversetur,' Frank furt, 1662. ' De Prxdestinatione, Electione, Reprobatione, et auxiliis Divine Grath% Canto Thomisticus,' Paris, 1636. The author discusses
some of the opinions of Thomas Aquinas, and supports those of Origenes. Philosophise, seu Metaphysicarum Rerum Libri XVIIL,' Paris, 1638. ' Philosophise Rationalis Partes Quinque.' 'De Gentilismo non retinendo Qumstio nnica,' Paris, 1636. The question proposed is, whether it is lawful to contradict Aristotle. The following works of Campanella were published after the death of the author. `De Libris propriis et recta Ratione Studendi,' Paris, 1642, in which the author speaks of himself, his studies, and his works. It was edited by Naud6, who knew Campanella, and who speaks of him and his imprisonment in his Considdrations Politiques cur les Coups d'Etats."De Monarchia Hispanics Discuraus,' Amsterdam, 1640. This, perhaps the most remarkable work of Campanella, was written by him during his confinement at Naples. It is an able sketch of the political world of that time, and with reference to the Spanish monarchy, which was then the preponderating power, it showed bow that preponderance could be maintained and increased. This work made a great noise at the time ; it was reprinted several times, and was translated into English (chiefly no doubt in consequence of the plan which Campanella suggests to the Spanish monarch for obtaining possession of England on the death of Elizabeth), and published during Cromwell's Protectorate: 'A Discourse touching the Spanish Monarchy, wherein we have a political glasserepresenting each particular country, province, kingdom, and empire of the world, with ways of government by which they are kept in obedience, written by Thomas Campanella, and newly translated into English according to the third edition of his book iu Latin,' Loudon, 1654, with a preface by the translator, giving a notice of Campanella's adventures. The work was reprinted after the Restoration, under this title : 'Thomas Campanella, an Italian Friar, and second Machiavel, his Advice to the King Of Spain for attaining the Universal Monarchy of the World, particularly concerning England, Scotland, and Ireland, how to raise division between King and Parliament, to alter the government from a Kingdom to a Com monwealth, also for reducing Holland and other seafaring countries, &c., with a preface by William Prynne of Lincoln's Inn.' In the King's Library at Paris are several manuscripts of Campanella, among others an invective against the Jesuits, and a discourse against the Lntherans and Calvinists. In the Imperial Library at Vienna there is an Italian dialogue of Campanella, on the means of convincing of error all the heretics and sectarians of his time. Some short Italian poems of Campanella were published a few years back at Lugano, by Orelli. Adami published some of his Latin poems.
(Balclacchini, Vita e Filosofla di T. Campanella, Naples, 1840, with several inedited letters of Campanella ; Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, &c.)