North American Indians
North American Indians. The Name Of Indians Was Applied To The Indigenous Inhabitants Of America On The First Discovery Of That Continent, On The Supposition That It Formed A Part Of Asia, And The Name Has Been Retained Ever Since. By The Great Majorityof Those Of South America Considerable Progress ...
North Shields
Shields, North, Northumberland, Is Market-town, Sea-port, And Conjointly With The Village Of Tynemouth A Parliamentary Borough, In The Parish Of Tynemouth, Is Situated On The Left Bank And Near The Mouth Of The River Tyne, In 55° 1' N. Lat., 1° 26' W. Long., Distant 7 Mats E. By N. ...
Nosu Looy
Nosu Looy (from Ekes And Royos) Is The Term Applied To The Classification And Arrangement Of Diseases. It Was Early Found In The Observation Of The Symptoms Of Disease, That Many Of Thorn Recurred Again And Again, And This Led To The Assigning To Such Groups Of Symptoms Particular Names. ...
Notation
Notation, In Music, Signifies The Method Whereby The Pitch, Or Tune, And Duration Of Musical Sounds Are Represented, And By Which Definite Periods Of Silence, Smiled Rests, Are Marked. It Is To Music What Letters And Punctuation Are To Language. To Show The Pitch, The Greeks Used The Letters Of ...
Nothing
Nothing. In The Article Infixtre Will Be Found As Much Upon This Word As Will Enable Us To Dispense With The Consideration Of The Symbol 0, As The Limit Approached But Never Attained By The Continual Diminution Of Magnitude. Among The Terms Used In Mathematical Language Are Nothing, Cipher, And ...
Notice
Notice Is A Term Used In English Law With Reference To Various Kinds Of Transactions. That Use Of It Which Is Most Important, And Which It Is Hero Proposed To Explain, Has Reference To Contracts Of Buying And Selling, And Mainly So Far As Such Contracts Come Under The Cogni ...
Notions Theory
Theory, Notions, Perturbations, Inequality, Ke. The Term Plasiet Was First Used As One Of Distinction Between The Stars Which Preserve Their Places, Or Seem To Do So, And Those Which Have A Sea Sible Motion, And, As Is Now Known, About The Sun. The Etymology Would Oblige Us To Include ...
Novatians
Novatians, A Christian Sect Which Arose In The Middle Of The 3rd Century. Their Leader, Novatianus (or As Lardner Prefers To Call Him, Following The Greek Writers, Novena), Was A Presbyter At Itoine, Who, After The Death Of Fabian, Bishop Of Rome (a.d. 250), And The Election Of Cornelius As ...
Novel
Novel. It Will Be As Well To Draw A Distinction At Starting Between Romances And Novels; The One Term Includes All Fictitious Narratives Of The Kind Called Romantic, Whether In Prose Or Verse; The Other Is Used To Designate That Species Of Romance Which Is Most Common At Present. ;phase ...
Novella
Novella. [justrsireses Legislation.] November, The Eleventh Month Of The Julian Year, Was The Ninth November, The Eleventh Month Of The Julian Year, Was The Ninth In The Year Of Romulus, Whence It Received Its Name. This Name Was Assigned To It In The Alban Calendar. It Originally Consisted Of Thirty ...
Novice
Novice, The Appellation Given To Persons Of Either Sex Who Are Living In A Monastery, In A State Of Probation Previous To Becoming Pro Fessed Members Of A Monastic Order. Persons Who Apply To Enter The Noviciate State, On Being Admitted By The Superior Of The Monastery, Promise Obedience During ...
Number
Number. The General Considerations Which This Word Would Suggest Cannot Be Treated Independently Of Those Required In Treating The Notion Of Ratio In General. As This Will Form A Part Of The Sub Ject Of Proportion, We Refer To That Article As The Continuation Of The Present One. The Notion ...
Numbering 3iac111nes
Numbering 3iac111nes Differ From The Apparatus Escribed Under Maciiines, Calculating, In Being Less Complicated, And (for The Most Part) In Perfunning Operations Of A Less Comprehensive Character. Their Work Is That Of Numbering, Or Enumerating, And Registering The Results In Some Conspicuous Way, With Or Without Printing. In The Article ...
Numeral Characters
Numeral Characters. There Are Three Simple And Ob Vious Modes Of Constructing Symbols Of Number. 1. By Arbitrary Invention. 2. By The Choice Of Letters Of The Alphabet. 3. By A Sys Tem Of Repetitions Of A Single Unit, As I, I I, Iii, 1iii, &c., With Marks Of Abbreviation. ...
Numeration
Numeration Is A Term Generally Applied To The Art Of Repre Senting Numbers By Distinct Names And Symbols, A Sense In Which The Word Is Used By The Oldest Writers. Every Treatise On Arithmetic Must Necessarily Begin With Something On This Art Of Counting And Repre Senting The Results Of ...
Numerical Difference
Numerical Difference. (logic.) Down To Our Own Time, Logicians Have Distinguished One Individual As Differing Numerically From Another, When Both Belong To The Same Species : Thus One Horse Is Said To Differ Numerically From Another. The Idiom Has Never Found Its Way Into Common Language, Though Given In Our ...
Numismatics
Numismatics. The Term Numismatic, Derived From The Greek Voatapta, Is Applied To The Study Of Ancient And Modern Coins. By The Writers Of The 15th And I6th Centuries It Was Called The Science Of Medals. It Divides Itself Into The Following Principal Branches : The Study Of Coins Considered In ...
Nvigtonsiiire
Nvigtonsiiire, A Maritime County In The South-west Of Scotland, Bounded E By Kirkcudbrightshire, N. By Ayrshire, W. By The Irish Channel, And S, By The Irish Sea, Lies Between 54' 36' And 55' 4' N. Let., 4' 1g' And 5' 12' W. Long. The County Is About 30 Mile' Long ...
Oarofalo
Oarofa'lo, The Name By Whioh Benvcnuto Tillie Is Commonly Known, Apparently From His Adoption Of A Gilliflowor (garofalo) For His Monogram. Garofalo Is The Most Distinguished Of The Ferrarese Painters : He Belongs However To The Roman School. Lie Was Born In The Fermrese In 1481, And Was First Instructed ...
Oasis
Oasis ( In Greek, "oasts, And Sometimes A6ane) Is The Appellation Given To Those Fertile Spots Watered By Springs And Covered With Verdure Which Are Scattered About The Great Sandy Deserts Of Africa. (desaer.) In Arabic They Are Called Wadys. The Arabic And The Greek Name Seem To Contain The ...
Oath
Oath. Oaths Have Been In Use In All Countries Of Which We Have Any Exact Information, And It Is Probable That There Is No Nation Which Has Any Clear Notion Of A Supremo Being, Or Of Superior Beings, That Does Not Make Use Of Oaths On Certain Solemn Occasions. An ...
Oawin Douglas
Douglas, Oawin, Was Born In The Year 1471 Or 1475, And Was The Third Sou Of Archibald, Sixth Earl Of Angus, Surnamed Bell-the Cat. Being Intended For The Church, He Received The Best Education Which Sootland And Franco Could Give. Ha Obtained Successively Tho Provostahip Of The Collegiate Church Of ...
Obeidallaii I
I, Obeidallaii, The First Fatimide Kalif, Was Born A.d. 892. Lfaving Incurred The Displeasure Of Molstafi, The Reigning Abasaide Kalif, Ho Was Obliged To Wander Through Various Parts Of Africa, Till Through Fortunate Circumstances He Was Raised Iu 910 From A Dungeou In Segelmessa To Sovereign Power. He Assumed The ...
Obelisk
Obelisk, A Greek Word Used To Designate The Well-known Egyptian Monumeutal Monolith. Obelisk (affeaferor) Is A Diminutive Of Obelus (zfleaos), A Sharp-pointed Thing, A Spit, Or Skewer ; And Was No Doubt Applied To The Egyptian Obelisk On Account Of Its Shape And Pointed End. Herodotus Used The Word Dasafoscor ...
Obesity
Obesity Is An Excessive Accumulation Of Fat Iii Various Parts Of The Body. It Is Not Possible To Define The Boundary Beyond Which The Fat In The Body Can Be Called Exceasaive, For Persons Possessing It In The Most Varied Degrees Enjoy Equally Good Health, And The Same Person May ...
Oblations Offerings
Offerings, Oblations, And Obventions, Are Not Only Those Mall Cuetornary Sums Paid At Easter, But Also The Customary Payments For Marriages, Eliriatenings, Churchings, And Burials. By Tr. S.. 3 Ed. Vi. E. 13, "all Pot-none Which By The Laws And Customs Might To Make Or Pay Their Offerings, Alaih Yearly ...
Observation And Experiment
Observation And Experiment. The First Of These Terms Ncludes A Portion Of The Second, Inasmuch As Every Experiment S Made With A View Of Observing The Reault. But Experiment Rignifies More Than Observation, Implying A Disposition Of Means If Observation Which It Is In The Power Of The Experimenter To ...
Occultation
Occultation. This Word, Which Might Serve To Design Any Eclipse Of One Heavenly Body By Another, And Even The Effect Of Cloud Or Fog, Is Particularly Applied To The Eclipse Of A Fixed Star By The Moon. It Has Been Seen [moon] That The Spiral Course Of The Moon's Real ...
Occupancy
Occupancy. This Term In English Law Signifies The Taking Possession By Any Person Of Any Thing Which Has No Owner (bracton, Fol. 8, 5), And The General Doctrine, As Stated In Bractoma, Is Derived From The Jes Gentient Of The Roman Lawyers, As Explained In The Digest' (lib. 41, Tit. ...
Octave
Octave (octaves, Lat.), In Music, The Eighth Note Of The Scale The Most Perfect Of Concords, Whose Ratio Is 2 : 1, Therefore The Simplest Of All The Sounds, Except The Unison. The Harmonics Of The Octave And Unison Agree Invariably, A Coincidence Which Occurs In No Other Interval, And ...
Office Found
Office Found. By The Common Law Of England, Where The :town Is Entitled, Upon The Occurrence Of Certain Events, To Take Mossession Of Real Or Personal Property Previously Belonging To A Sub Ject, The Facts Upon Which The Right Accrues Must Be First Ascertained :rye An Inquisition Or Inquest Of ...
Old Appellations Of Numbers
Numbers, Old Appellations Of. The Student Of Books Verging On The Middle Ages Will Occasionally Meet With Some Designa Tions Of Numbers, Or Rather Of The Ratios Of Numbers To Numbers, Which May Need Explanation In A Work Of Reference. Corresponding Terms Are Found In The Greek Writers, Particularly In ...
Old And New Style
Style, Old And New. By The Old Style Is Meant The Mode Of Reckoning Time Anterior To The Gregorian Reformation Of The Calendar; And By The New Style, That Adopted Since. The Adoption Of The Reformation At Different Times By Different Countries Renders It Necessary To Remember The Difl'erence Of ...
Oleic Acid
Oleic Acid. As Oleate Of Glycerin, Or Olein, This Acid Forms The Greater Portion Of All Drying Oils And The Fluid Part Of Nearly All Fats. Olein Or Claim It Was First Observed By Chevreul That Expressed Oils And Kinds Of Fat Usually Contain Two Oils Of Different Degrees Of ...
Olinthus Gilbert Gregory
Gregory, Olinthus Gilbert, Was Born At Yaxley, A Small Village In Linntingdolu3bire, January 29th 1774, Of Humble But Respectable Parents. At An Early Age He Was Placed Under The Care Of The Celebrated Mathematician, Mr. Richard Weston, Who Was A Contributor To The 'ladies Diary,' And Other Mathematical Publica Tions ...
Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell, Oliver, The Son Of Robert Cromwell, M.p. For Huntiogdon In The Parliament Of 1593, And His Wife Elizabeth, Daughter Of Sir Richard Stuart, Was Born In St. John's Parish In The Town Of Huntingdon, On The 25th Of April, 1599, And Named After His Uncle And Godfather, Sir Oliver ...
Olonetz
Olonetz, An Extensive Government Of Russia Comprised Between 60' 30' And 66' 30' N. Lat., 29° 40' And 40' 20' E. Long.; Is Bounded N. And N.e. By Archangel, S E. By Wologda, S. By Novogo Rod, S.w. By St. Petersburg, And W. By Lake Ladoga And Finland. Tho Area, ...
Olympian Games
Olympian Games, The Chief Of The Four Great National Festivals Of The Greeks, Were Celebrated At Olympia, N Sacred Spot On The Banks Of The Alpheus, Near Elia, Every Fifth Year. The Exact Interval At Which The Olympia, As The Festival Was (called, Recurred Was One Of Forty-uino And Fifty ...
Olynthus
Olynthus, A Town In Macedouia, At The Head Of The Toronsie Gulf, Was Probably Founded By The Chalcidians And Eretrians Of Eubcea. (strabo, X. P.447.) It Was 60 Stadia From Potidma, And Was Visible From The Latter Place. (thug, I. 63.) It Fell Under The Dominion Of Athens, But Revolted ...
Om Er
Om Er, St., A Fortified Town In France, In The Department Of Pas De-calais, 26 Miles S.e. By Railway From Culais, Is Situated In 50' 44' 53' N. Lat., R 15' 20" E. Long., At Au Elevation Of 75 Feet Above The Level Of The Sea, And Has 19,226 Inhabitants ...
Omen
Omen, A Sign Or Prognostication Of Future Events, Supposed To Be An Intimation From A Superior Power. According To Varro (` De Ling. Lat.; Lib. V. C. 7), The Word Is Derived From The Language Of A Person Speaking : " Omen, Quod Ex Are Primum Datum Est, °amen Dictum ...
Onion
Onion. The Species From Which The Varieties Of The Common Onion Have Been Derived Is Tho Sf Ilium Ccpe. Its Uses Are Almost Uni. Vernally Known, And Its Cultivation Is Practised In Most Countries). It Was Used And Liked In Egypt; And The Israelites, Under Moses, Murmured That They Could ...
Opacity
Opacity Is A Condition Of Bodies By Which They Are Incapable Of Transmitting Light Through Them. It Seems To Depend Upon The Nature Or Disposition Of The Particles Of Bodies, But Its Precise Cause Is, At Present, Far From Being Understood. According To Newton, Opacity May Arise From The Unequal ...
Opalescent Vapour
Vapour, Opalescent. This Appears To Be The Most Con Venient Appellation For What Has Sometimes Been Termed Red Or Orange Steam. It Is A Condition Of Condensed And Condensing Aqueous Vapour Which Was First Distinctly Recognised, And Its Optical Properties Inveis Tigated By Dr. James 1). Forbes, F.r.s., When Professor ...
Opelousas
Opelousas. [lotestaws..) Op1111t, A Name Indicating A Place Which Was Known To The Hebrews And To The Neighbouring Nations, As Early As The Time Of Joh, As Vw Clueing Such An Abundance Of Excellent Gold, That 'the Gold Of Ophir' Became A Proverbial Expression Fur Fine Gold. The Position Of ...
Opera
Opera (ital, Smirk), A Regular Drama Get To Music, Always Accom Panied By Scenic, Representation, Frequently By Machinery, And Some Times By Dancing. It Appears (according To Doni) To Have Originated At Florence Towards The End Of The 16th Century. The True Opera, As Found On All The Italian Stages, ...
Operation
Operation. This Article Is To Be Considered As A Continuation Of Algebra, And As A Development Of The Views Of The Nature Of Algebra There Laid Down. It Cannot Be Read Entire, Except By Students Who Have Some Acquaintance With The Differential Calculus, &c. The Great Considerations On Which The ...
Ophicleide
Ophicleide (dor, "a Serpent Or And Is)tell, "a Key "), A Musical Instrument Of The Inflatile Kind, Made Of Brass Or Copper, And Intended To Supersede The Serrent--of Which It Is A Decided Improve Ment-in The Orchestra And In Militart Bands. It Is A Conical Tube, The Longest Nearly U ...
Ophthal3iia
Ophthal3iia ( From Ophthalmos, 300anuos, The " Eye" ) Is An Inflammation Of The Eye. General Ophthalmia, Or An Inflammation Of The Whole Globe Of The Eye, Is A Very Rare Occurrence. Cases However Do Occur, From Severe Injuries Or Other Causes, In Which The Signs Of All The Special ...
Of Leicester
Leicester, Of Holm/am, Thomas William Coke, Earl Of. Thomas Coke, Esq., Of Holkham, In Norfolk, Great Great-grandson Of Sir Edward Coke, The Chief-justice, Was In 1723 Created Baron Level, Of Minster Level, In Oxfordshire; And In 1744 Viscount Coke Of Holkham, And Earl Of Leicester. On His Death Without Heirs ...