Opium Trade
Opium Trade. The Principal Countries In Which Opium Is Pre Pared Are India, Turkey, And Persia. The Poppy Is Cultivated In Egypt And Arabia ; In Italy, France, And Other Parts Of Europe; But, With Slight Exceptions, Rather For The Sake Of Its Capsule And The Oil Extracted From Its ...
Oporto 0 Porto
Oporto (0 Porto, 'the Port'), A City And Sea-port Of Portugal, Locally Situated In The Province Of Entre Douro E 3linho, But Politically Included In The Province Of Beira As The Capital Of The Minor Province Of Porto. The City Is Built On The North Bank Of The Douro, About ...
Oppeln
Oppeln, One Of The Four Governments Of Prussian Silesia, Comprises The Greater Part Of Upper Silesia, And Almost Wholly Consists Of Hills And Mountains. It Is Bouuded'n. By The Government Of Breslau, E. By Poland, S. By Galicia, And W. By Austrian Silesia. Its Area Is 5143 Square Miles, And ...
Optics
Optics Is That Branch Of Physical Science Which Explains The Formation Of Images, As Depending On The Known Laws By Which The Modifications Of Light Are Governed. [liana.] These Images Are Formed Either By Polished Reflecting Surfaces Or By Transparent Refract Ing Media. In The Former Case, The Angles Of ...
Optometer
Opto'meter (from Twroaat, To Aee, And Akrpor, A Measure) Is An In Strument For Ascertaining With Precision The Refractive Powers Of Lenses, And The Distances At Which Minute Objects May Be Distinctly Seen. The Idea Originated With Scheirer ; But Such An Instrument Was Con Structed By Dr. Porterfield, And ...
Or Azazel Scapegoat
Scapegoat, Or Azazel On The Great Day Of Atone Ment Among The Jews, The High-priest Was To Choose Two Goats, And After Presenting Them Before The Lord At The Door Of The Tabernacle, He Was To Met Lots Upon Them, One Lot Being For The Lord, And The Other " ...
Or Banias Paneas
Paneas, Or Banias, A Village Of Palestine, Situated At The Foot Of The Jebel Ileish, The Mount Hermon Of Scripture, Is Supposed To Be On Or Near The Site Of The Dan Of The Jews. Its Name Was Changed To Arsarea Philippi By Philip The Tetrarch, Eon Of Herod, In ...
Or Baryta Barytes
Barytes, Or Baryta, The Oxide Of Barium. The Oxide Of Barium Is Found In The Earth In Combination With Acids, Principally The Sulphuric And Carbonic. Native Sulphate Of Barytes, Known By The Name Of Henry Spar, Also Hepalite And Bologna Spar, Presents Itself In Various Forma, As Crystal Line, Fibrous, ...
Or Beled El Sudan
Soodan, Or Beled El Sudan (` The Country Of The Macke), Is A Term Applied By The Arabs To Designate The Interior Of Africa; But, According To The Geographical Porition Of The Country In Which It Is Used, This Term Indicates Different Portions Of That Continent The Inhabitants Of Egypt ...
Or Bi1031eliate2e
Bi1031eliate2e, Or Bromeli/e, Bromelworta, The Pino-apple Tribe, A Natural Order Of Endogenous Plants, Taking Its Name From The Genus To Which The Pine-apple Was Once Incorrectly Referred [ame3lessa], And Consisting Of Herbaceous Plants, Remarkable For The Hardness And Dryness Of Their Gray Foliage. They Occur In Great Abundance In The ...
Or Bladder
Bladder, Or Lexica Urinal-la, So Called To Distinguish It From The Gall-bladder, Is""a Musculo-membranous Bag Or Pouch, Which Serves As A Temporary Reservoir For The Urine; It Communicates With The Kid Neys By Means Of The Ureters, And Opens Externally By Means Of The Urethra. The Urinary Apparatus Is Confined ...
Or Bob Link Bob 0 Link
Bob-0-link, Or Bob-link, The Usual Name By Which The Rice Bird, Or Reed-bird—the Skunk-bird, Seecawk-petheesew Of The Cree Indians, The Rice-bunting Of Pennant And Of Wilson, Rice-troopial Of Authors, Hortulanus Carolinensis Of Catesby, Emberiza Orizyrora Of Linnaeus, Merle Agripennia Of Bonaparte, Dolichonyx Orizyvorus Of Swainson—is Known In The United States. ...
Or Brachiopoda
Brachio'poda, Or Brachiopodons Mollusca, Cuvier's Fifth Class Of Mollusks, The Palliobranchians (palliobranchiata Of De Blainville), Being The First Order Of De Blainville's Third Class Of Mollusks (aeephalophora). This Class, Though Comparatively Low In The Scale Of Creation, Is Interesting To The Physiologist, And Of Considerable Table To The Geologist, Who ...
Or Bulfinch Bullfinch
Bullfinch, Or Bulfinch, Latin Pyrrhula, French Bouvreuil, The Name Of A Genus Of Birds Separated By Brisson From The Groabeaks, Afterwards Again Incorporated With Them, And Since By Temminck And Others Again Arranged Under Brissou's Name Pyrrhula. The Following Is Temminck'a Generic Character :— Beak Short, Hard, Conico-convex, Thick, Swollen ...
Or Burn Brand
Brand, Or Burn, A Disease In Vegetables By Which Their Leaves And Tender Bark Are Partially Destroyed As If They Had Been Burnt ; Hence The Name Of This Disease, Which Is Called Brillure In French. It Has Been Observed That After The Leaves Have Been Wetted By Dews Or ...
Or Cactaceie
Cactaceie, Or Cacteie, Indian Figs, The Cactus Tribe, A Natural Order Of Exogenous Plants. The Fructification Of These Plants Consists Of A Calyx Adhering To The • Ovary, With A Border Divided Into An Uncertain Number Of Segments, Which Are Arranged Lu Several Rows, The One Overlapping The Other, And ...
Or Caius Gaius
Gaius, Or Caius, One Of The Roman Classical Jurists Whose Works Entitle Him To A Place Among The Great Writers On Law, Such As Papinian, Pardue, And Ulpian. Nothing Is Known Of The Personal History Of Gains Beyond The Probable Fact That He Wrote Under Autouinus Pius And Aurelius. His ...
Or Caliari Cagliari
Caglia'ri, Or Calia'ri, Paolo, Called Paolo Veronese, From The Place Of His Birth, Was The Most Eminent Master In What May Be Termed The Ornamental Style Of Painting. He Was Born At Verona, In 1532 Seconding To Ridolfi, But More Probably In 1530 ; Zanotti Says 1532. His Father, Gabriele ...
Or Canary Finch Canary Bird
Canary-bird, Or Canary-finch, Lo Sorb' De Canaria Of The French, Per Canarienvogel Of The Germans, Canario Of Tho The Canary Of The English, Fringilia Canaria Of 'animus. This Bird Is The Well-known Songster Which Is To Be Found Caged In Every House Whore The Inmates Aro Fond Of Song-birds. The ...
Or Candisii Cavendish
Cavendish, Or Candisii, Thomas, Was The Son Of N Gentle Man Of Fortune In Suffolk. It Appears From Harris That He Was Of Ago And Inherited His Father's Property In 1555, Immediately After Which Be Equipped A "stout Bark Of 120 Tons" On His Own Amount, And Accompanied Sir Richard ...
Or Capercalze Capercall Caperkally
Capercall Caperkally, Or Capercalze, The Scotch Name For 'be Capercail, Wood-grouse, Or Cock Of The Wood, The Tctreo Urogallus Of Lintueus. Pennant Refers This Bird To The Coc De Bois, Or Fabian Bruyant, Of Belon, And The Gallo Cedrone Of The Italians; And It Is Very Probable That These And ...
Or Caracallus Caracalla
Caracalla, Or Caracallus, Marcus Aure'lius Anto• N1'nus Bassia'nus, Son Of Septimiva Severna, Was Born At Lyon While His Father Was Governor Of The Provincia Lugdunensis. After Severna Became Emperor, Bassianus Married Plautilla, Daughter Of I'lautianus, The Emperor's Favourite. He Accompanied Severna In His Expedition To Britain, And Was With Him ...
Or Cartilacinet Chondropterycii
Chondroptery'cii, Or Cartilacinet, Ono Of Two Great Sections Into Which The Class Of Fishes Is Divided. In This Section We Find Species Which Possess, In Most Respects, The Highest Degree Of Organisation, While Others Possess Tho Lowest Observed In The Class. The Principal Character Which Distinguishes This Section From The ...
Or Celius
C(elius, Or Rather Ca:lius Ant1'pater (lucius), Wrote A History Of The Second Punic War, In A Work Bearing The Name Of 'annals,' And Extending To At Least Seven Books. Some Indeed Are Of Opinion That The History Embraced A Much Wider Period, Beginning With The First Punic War, And Inelnding ...
Or Chaldee Paraphrases Of
Targums, Or Chaldee Paraphrases Of The Old Testament. During The Babylonish Captivity, The Language Of The Jews Was Affected By The Chaldee Dialect Spoken At Babylon, To Such An Extent, That Upon Their Return They Could Not Understand The Pure Hebrew Of Their Sacred Books ; And Therefore, When Ezra ...
Or Chamacea
Chama'cea, Or Cha'mid/e, A Family Of Conchiferous The Third Of The Acephalous Or Headless Testacea, According To Cuvier, Who Places Them Between His Mytilacea (mussel-like Testaceans), And His Cardiacea (cockle-like Testaccans). Under The Linmean Genus Chama Many Heterogeneous Forms Were Assembled ; And As G. Sowerby Observes, " In His ...
Or Chand Chund
Chund, Or Chand, Or Chandra-bardat, The Homer Of The Rajpoots, Flourished In The 12th Century Of The Christian Era, As The Chief Professional Bard At The Court Of Prithwirtija, Or The Last Hindu Sovereign Of Delhi ; But His Poems, Which Are In The Spoken Dialect Of Canouj, Are Still ...
Or Ciiironectes Cheironectes
Cheironectes, Or Ciiironecte..'s (iitiger), A Genus Of Mar Ample' Animals. [mamoru's...1 Cli Cheirepede, It Name Proposal By Mr. Ogilby For All The Maminiferons Animals' That Are Poaseasimi Of Hands. The Following In Mr. Ogilby'a Arrangement Of His Cheiropeds Mr Ogilby States That Observations, Commenced In 1829 And Continued For More ...
Or Clemens 11051anus Clement
Clement I., Or Clemens 11051a'nus, Succeeded Anacictus As Bebop Of Rome In The Latter Part Of The First Century Of Our Era. The Chronology Of The Early Biahopa Of Rome Has Been The Subject Of Much Controversy. One Of The Earliest Authorities, Irenzews, Bishop Of Lyon, Who Lived In The ...
Or Clodius Claudius
Clau'dius, Or Clodius, Albi'nus, A Native Of Adrumctum, In Africa, Served With Distinction Under Marcus Aurelius And Corn Modus In Various Parts Of The Empire; In Asia, In Gaul, Iu Germany Against The Frisians, And Lastly In Britain. When Avidius Cassius, Governor Of Syria, Revolted Against M. Aurelius, Albinus, Who ...
Or Coral Reefs Reefs
Reefs, Or Coral Reefs, Are A Peculiar Kind Of Rock Which Occurs Abundantly In Some Parts Of The Ocean. They Differ From Other Rocks In Extending Over A Considerable Space Of The Sea In Length, With A Very Narrow Width. Generally They Are Also Only A Few Feet Below Water ...
Or Cosso Kousso
Kousso, Or Cosso. Under These Names Are Comprehended The Flowers And Llower.stalks Of A Tree, Native Of Abyssinia, Long Celebrated Among The Natives For Its Anthelmintic Properties. The Earliest Notice Of It Among European Writers Was By Leutholf, In 1681 E Pica,' Lib. 1., E. Ix, Sect. 81); But The ...
Or Cove Of Cork
Queenstown, Or Cove Of Cork, County Cork, Ireland, A Sea Port Town, Is Situated On The South Side Of Oreat Island, In Cork Harbour, In 51' 51' N. Lat, 8' 18' W. Long., Distant By Road 14 Miles E.s.e. From Cork, And 167 Miles S.w. By S. From Dublin. Tho ...
Or Cuparceners Parceners
Parceners, Or Cuparceners, Are So Called Because The Lands Of Which They Arc Parceners May Be Partitioned Or Divided Among Them. There May He Parceners By Common Law And Parceners By Custom. As To Parceners By Common Law, If A Man Died Intestate Seised Of Lands In Fee, And Leaves ...
Or Cuyp Kuyp
- Kuyp, Or Cuyp, Albert, Was The Son And Disciple Of Jacob Gerutze Knyp, An Eminent Landscape Painter Of Dort, And A Pupil Of Abele= Bluetnart. Jacob's Works, Chiefly Viewer From Nature In The Environs Of Dort, Were Highly And Justly Valued, And His Memory Was Bell In Esteem At ...
Or Daphne 3iezereum Mezereum
Mezereum, Or Daphne 3iezereum, Spurge-olive, Is An Indi Genous Shrub ; The Bark Obtained, In Spring, From The Root, Is Officinal. It Is Covered By A Thin Epidermis, Green Within, Brown Without. It Is Destitute Of Smell, But Has A Very Acrid Pungent Taste, Lasting For Hours, And Causes Vesication. ...
Or Darius Iii
Darius Iii., Or Codomannus, The Last Of The Persian Monarchs, Succeeded Artaxerxes Iii., B.c. 336, After A Short Interval, In Which Arcea, The Youngest Son Of Artaxerxes, Was Nominally King. Bagoas Had Poisoned Artaxerxes, And Then Put Arces On The Throne That He Himself Might Reign In His Name; But ...
Or Decker Decker
Decker, Or Decker, Thomas, Flourished As A Dramatic Author In The Reign Of James I., Though The Precise Time Of His Birth And Death, Like That Of Many Of His Contemporaries, Is Uncertain. He Is Celebrated For A Quarrel With Ben Jellison, Who Satirised Him Under The Name Of Criepinus ...
Or Dion Cassius Cocceianus
Dion Ca'ssius Cocceia'nus, Or Cocceitte, Was The Son Of Cassius Apronianus, A Roman Senator, And Born At Nieto In Dithynia About A.d. 155. On His Mother's Fide He Was Descended From Dion Chrysostom, And It Was From This Branch Of His Family That Ha Took The Name Of Dion. Thus ...
Or Doumat Domat
Doma.t, Or Doumat, Jean, A Distinguished French Civilian, Was Born At Clermont In Auvergne, On The 30th Of November 1625. He Connected Himself With The Brilliant Circle Of Literary Recluses At The Port-royal, Among Whom His Reputation Stood High Both For Jeeis Prudence And Ethics. He Was A Very Modest ...
Or Dow Douw
Douw, Or Dow, Gerard, Was Born At Leyden In 1613. In 1622 He Was Put By His Father, A Glazier, To Study Drawing Under Bartho Lomew Deland°, An Engraver, With Whom He Remained Eighteen Months. He Afterwards Received The Instructions Of Peter Kouwhoorn, A Painter On Glass, And Learned His ...
Or Eadwio Edwy
Edwy, Or Eadwio, Called The Fair, King Of The Anglo-saxous, Was The Eldest Of The Two Sons Of Edmund I., But, Being Only In His Seventh Or Eighth Year At His Father's Death In 046, He And His Brother Edgar Were Set Aside For The Present In Favour Of Their ...
Or Edgier Admer
Admer, Or Edgier, The Friend And Historian Of Archbishop Anselm, Lived In The 12th Century, But We Have No Information Respecting His Parents, Or The Particular Time And Place Of His Nativity. He Received A Learned Education, Was A Monk Of Canterbury, And Became The Bosom Friend And Inseparable Companion ...
Or Elzheimer Elsheimer
Elsheimer, Or Elzheimer, Adam, Was Born At Frankfurt In 1574, And, According To The Most Probable Account, Died In 1620 ; But The Statements Of Writers On The Subject Differ Extremely. Finding That He Was Not Likely To Acquire In His Own Country That Knowledge Of The Art Which He ...
Or Ephraim Ephraem
Ephraem, Or Ephraim ('esppaia), An Ecclesiastical Writer Of The 4th Century Of Our Era, Was Probably Born In The Town Of Nisibis, Though Some State That He Was Born At Edessa. The Time At Which He Attained The Height Of His Fame Is About A.d. 370. In His Early Youth ...
Or Ethicus
E'thicus, Or .4i'thicus, Is Conjectured To Have Lived About The 4th Century Of Our Era, And Is The Reputed Author Of A 'cosmography; Or Short Description Of The World, Being An Enumeration Of The Seat, I Islands, Mountains, Provinces, Cities, And Towns Of The Then Known World, With A Short ...
Or Eustachius Bartolomeo Eitstachio
Eusta'chius. Bartolomeo Eitstachio, Or Atm./moms, Was One Of The Distinguished Band Of Italian Professors To Whom We Owe The Restoration Of Anatomy And Much Of Its Advancement In Modern Times. He Was Born In The Early Part Of The 16th Century At San Severino, In The Marquisate Of Ancona. Having ...
Or Fabrotus Fabrot
Fabrot, Or Fabrotus, Charles-annibal, A Jurist, Was Born At Aix, In Provence, In 1580 Or 1581. In Tho Memoirs Of The French Jurists The Names And Conduct Of Their Patrons Generally Occupy An Important Position : Among Those Who Were Instrumental In Bringing Fabrot Into Notice Occur The Names Of ...
Or Fallopius Falloppio
Falloppio, Or Fallo'pius, Oabriello, Was Born At Modena About 1523. He Was One Of The Three Distinguished Anatomists Of The 16th Century To Whom Cuvier, An Unquestionable Authority On Such Subjects, Has Assigned The Merit Of Restoring, Or Rather Creating, Their Science In Its Modern And Exact Form. His Associates ...
Or Farnabie Farnaby
Farnaby, Or Farnabie, Thomas, A Learned Critic And Gram Marian, Was Born In London In 1575. His Grandfather Was Of Truro In Cornwall ; But His Great-grandfather, An Italian Musician, Was The First Of His Family Who Settled In England. Ile Was Admitted As A Servitor Of Merton Oxford, In ...
Or Fergusson Ferguson
Ferguson, Or Fergusson, Robert, Was Born At Edinburgh About 1750, And Educated At The University Of St. Andrews, Where He Received Some Encouragement From One Of The Professors Named Wilkie, Who Employed Him To Transcribe His Lectures. An Anonymous Biographer (life Prefixed To Fergueon's Poems, Edition Of 1807) Has Employed ...
Or Ferment Yeast
Yeast, Or Ferment, A Substance Which Is Deposited In An In Soluble State During The Fermentation Of Wine, Beer, And Vegetable Juices. This Substance, As Is Well Is To Produce Fer Mentation In Saccharine Solutions. According To Liebig, The Insoluble Part Of Yeast Does Not Cause Fermentation, For He States ...
Or Froben
Froben, Or 11101315'ni Us, John, Was A Native Of Ilaintnelburg In Franconia, Where Ho Received His Earliest Education. Llo Afterwards Went To The University Of Basel. And There Acquired The Reputation Of Being An Eminent Scholar. With The View Of Promoting Useful Learning, He Applied Himself To The Art Of ...
Or Gartner Gaertner
Gaertner, Or Gartner, Johann Andreas. Descended Himself From A Family Of Architects, Johann Gartner Claims Notice Both On Account Of His Own Professional Talents, And As Being The Father Of The Celebrated Friedrich Von Gaertner, Noticed H-low. Johann Andreas Was The Son Of A Former Andreas, A Dresden Architect And ...
Or Gartner Gaertner_2
Gaertner, Or Gartner, Ritlemuctr Von, Architect, Was Born At Coblens In 1792, And Was The Son Of Johann Andreas Gaertner. Brought To Munich At An Early Age, He Received A General Acientiflo Educatioo, See In 1809 Entered The Academy Of Arta In Order To Devote Himself Specially To Architecture. After ...
Or Gilberd Gilbert
Gilbert, Or Gilberd, William, Was Born In 1540 At Col Chester, Essex, Of Which Borough His Father Was After Passing Through The Grammar School Of His Native Place, He Proceeded To Cambridge, And Thence, According To Anthony B, Wood, To Oxford. Having Decided On Adopting Medicine As A Profession, He ...
Or Giulio Pippi Giulio
Giu'lio Roma'no, Or Giulio Pippi, Was Born At Rome In 1492, And At An Early Age It Was His Good Fortune To Become The Scholar Of Raffaelle, Of Whom Ho Was The Favourite Pupil, And Whose Successor Be May Justly Be Considered. Lie Assisted That Great Master In Very Many ...
Or Globe Sphere
Sphere, Or Globe, A Solid Body, The Surface Of Which Is Every Where Equally Distant From A Given Point Or Centre Within It. This Distance Of Each Point From The Centre Is Called The Radius. In The Article Mensuration Will Be Found The Feminize Which Connect The Surface And Solidity ...
Or Great Yarmouth Yar3iout11
Yar3iout11, Or Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, A Market-town, Sea-port, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Great Yarmouth, Is Situated Near The Confluence Of The Rivers Yam, Waveney, And Bore, In 52' 36' N. Lat., 1' 45' E. Long., Distant 23 Mile. E. By S. From Norwich, ...
Or Gregory Gergely
Gergely, Or Gregory, A Living Hungarian Poet, Prose-writer, And Lexicographer, Considered By His Countrymen To Stand In The First Rank Of Their Men Of Letters, And Remarkable For The Singu Larity Of The Incidents Of His Life, As Well As The Number And Value Of His Literary Productions. He Was ...
Or Guldin Guldinus
Guldi'nus, Or Guldin", Habakkuk', Afterwards Paul, Was Born At St. Gall In 1577, And Was Bred A Protestant, But Became A Roman Catholic In Or Before 1597, In Which Year He Took The Vows Of A Jesuit, As ' Coadjutor Temporalis.' Having Shown A Talent For Mathe Matics, He Was ...
Or Gus Paws Erickson
Gus Paws Erickson, Or Gusravus L, King Of Sweden, Commonly Called Gorraves Vasa, A Descendant Of The Ancient Kings Of Sweden, Was Born May 2nd 1490 At Ockestadt, Near Stockholm. Sweden, Which By Virtue Of The Treaty Of Calmar Made In The Year 1397 Had Become A Dependency Of The ...
Or Guyse Guise
Guise, Or Guyse, Dukes Of, The Title Of A Branch Of The Sovereign House Of Lorraine, Which Settled In France At The Beginning Of The Sixteenth Century. Claude Of Lorraine, Fifth Eon Of Rend Ii., Duke Of Lorraine, And Of Philippa Of Guelderland, After Contesting His Father's Succession With His ...
Or Halle Hall
Hall, Or Halle, Edward, An English Lawyer And Histories], Was The Son Of John Halle Of Northall In Shropshire, And Was Descended From Sir Francis Van Halle, K.g., In The Time Of Edward Ill, Who Was The Son Of Frederic Do Halle Of The Tyrol, Natural Son Of Albert Kiug ...
Or Heinecice Heinecken
Heinecken, Or Heinecice, Christian Heinrich, Born At Lilbeck The 6th Of February 1721, Was The Son Of A Painter, Pant Heinecken, And Younger Brother Of Karl Heinrich Heiuecken, Also An Artist, And A Writer On The Fine Arts. Christiau Heinrich Was An Extraordinarily Precocious Child. At The Age Of Teu ...
Or Heron Hero
Hero, Or Heron. There Are Two Of This Name, Both Writers On Mechanical Subject& Hero The Elder Was The Pupil Of Ctesibius, And Lived At Alexandria About Sm. 100. The Country Of The Younger Here I E Uncertain ; In A Work Attributed To Him (on 'geodesy ') He States ...
Or Horus Orus
Orus, Or Horus, An Egyptian Deity, The Son Of Isis And Osiris, Corresponds, According To Herodotus, To The Apollo Of The Greeks, And Was The Last Of The Gods Who Reigned In Egypt. (herod., Ii. 144; Died.,1. 44.) Typhon, After The Murder Of His Brother Osiris, Sought To Kill Orus ...
Or Hosea Hosiiea
Hosiiea, Or Hosea, King Of Israel, Was The Son Of Flab, And Apparently Not Of The Regal Line. His Predecessor Was Pekah, Who, After Having Ravaged Judah, Then Governed By Ahaz, With The Assist Ance Of Rezin, King Of Syria, Had Seen His Own Kingdom In Return Ravaged By Tiglath-pileser, ...