CE.SPE'DES, PABLO DE, the most learned 'artist and one of the moat distinguished men of Spain, was born at Cordova in 1538, and was the son of Alouso de Cr/epodes and (Maya (Arroyo) his wife. After he had received as good a literary and scientific education at Cordova and at Alcali de Ileneres as his country could afford, he went, in what year Is not known, to Rome, where he devoted himself to the study of the seta, having eireroly paid some attention to painting previously to his departure from Spain. In Rome Cespedes distinguished himself during the pontificate of Gregory XIII. by some frescoes in the chi:weber; of Arseell and Trinith de Monti, and acquired the friendship of Foderigo Zuccaro, which however some consider to have been a naisfor trine.
III. fame reached hie native place, and having been appointed to a vacant carione7 in the cathedral, he returned to Cordova in 1577 to full the duties of his office. These duties however did not engross all hie time; he persevered in painting, and also bestowed much study upon the history and theory of art, the fruits of which he made known in several valuable suers the principal of which is a comparison between ancient and modern art, published in 160I—' Do la Compa raeion de la Antigua y Moderns Pinturs y Escultura: Ho spent his holidays at Seville, a here he collected a museum of ancient works of art; but he did not visit that city after the year 1603. Ile died at COPRA'S in 1603, and WAS buried in the cathedral of that city.
Crtspedes was a distinguished Arabic scholar, and was acquainted with Crack and Hebrew. lie wrote e history of the cathedral of Cor date ; also an account of its martyrs; a poem on painting ; a practical and theoretical treatise on perspective ; a short treatise on the templo of Solomon ; and a short paper upon the various methods of painting adopted by the ancients. His treatise on perspective is lost ; and the preservation of his poem, and of the treatise on the ancient methods of palatiog, Is due to Pacheco, who has inserted them in his' Arto de Is l'intura.' Pacheco descnbes C6spedes as ono of the greatest of the
Eraniah colourists, and the first master of chiaroscuro in the school of Seville. Pons nays of Lim, that had he had the fortune to hove been as intimate with Herself. as lie was with Fedcrigo Zuccaro, be would haea bean one of the greatest painters in the world. lie excelled chiefly in Intention and composition, but was excellent also in all other department, of art, lie always, as a rule, made e cartoon before painting a picture, of the same sire u the intended picture. There are several of his works in the cathedrals of Seville and Cordova, and In the academy of San Fernando at Madrid. Ile also practised scull). tare and *relit's-tura.
Cain Dennudea has inserted In the fifth volume of his 'Dictionary o! Npamiah Artiste' about oa• hundred pages of fragments from the writings of Cespedee on painting, including the entire poem on painting, which contains 606 lines.
(Cryan Bermuda, Diedowario Historic°, etc) CHA'BRIAft, a distinguished Athenian general, who, In na 388, sailed