Ostracism
Ostracism, The Name For A Singular Institution Existing For Some Time Among The Athenians. When Any Man Became Conspicuous By Wealth Or By Power, From Whatever Source Derived, And Was In Conse Quence Thought Likely To Conceive Plans Of Ambition Dangerous To The Public Peace And The Stability Of The ...
Oswestry
Oswestry, Shropshire, A Market-town, Municipal Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Oswestry, Is Situated In 52° 51' N. Lat, 3° 3' W. Long., Distant 18 Miles N.w. From Shrews Bury, 171 Miles N.w. By W. From London By Road, And 162 Miles By The ...
Ottone Calderari
Caldera'ri, Otto'ne, Was Born Of A Noble Family At Vicenza In 1730. Although That City Is Indebted To Him For Many Important Additions To Its Previous Architectural Attractions, Little Has Been Told Respecting His Life. His Enthusiasm For Architecture Is Said To Havo Been First Excited By Viewing The Basilica ...
Oundle
Oundle, Northamptonshire, A Market-town And The Scat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Oundle, Is Situated On The Left Bank Of The River Nen, In 52' 3' N. Lat., 0° 28' W. Long., Distant 28 Miles N.e. From Northampton, 78 Miles N. By W. From London By Road, ...
Out Om
Out Om In Speaking Of The Periodicals Wo Have Anticipated Some Of Our Infor Mation With Regard To Societies. The Literary Associations Of Wales, Though Not Very Successful At First, Have Been In The Long Run Most Effectual In Reviving The Taste For Its Literature. The Earliest Of Them Seems ...
Outlawry
Outlawry. This Term, Which Is Derived From The Saxon Dwi. Or L'ihiega, Signifies An Exclusion From The Protection Of The Law. In English Law It Is A Punishment Consequent Upon A Flight From Justice, Or A Contnmscioua Neglect Or Refusal To Appear And Answer For A Criminal Transgression, In Obedience ...
Overseer
Overseer, An Officer Appointed By Justices Of Counties Or Boroughs, For Parishes Under The 43 Eliz., 2, And For Townships Under The 13 & 14 Car. Ii., 12. They Cannot Be Less Than Two Nor More Than Four For One Parish Or Township. Churchwardens Are Ex-officio Over Seers Of The ...
Overyssel
Overyssel, A Province Of The Kingdom Of Holland, Situated Between 52° 6' And 53' 52' N. Lat, 5° 40' And 5' E. Long., Is Bounded N. By Friesland And Drenthe, E. By Hanover And Westphalia, S. By Guelderland, And W. By Guelderland And Tho Zuyder-zee. The Area Is 1282 Square ...
Oviedo
Oviedo, A City Of Spain, Capital Of The Ancient Province Of Asturias And Modern Province Of Oviedo, Is Situated Between The Nalon And Its Affluent The Nora, In 43' 22' N. Lat., 5" 57' W. Long., About 245 Miles N.n.w. From Madrid, 65 Miles N. By W. From Leon, And ...
Owen Jones
*jones, Owen, Architect, Is Well Known From His Works In That Branch Of His Art To Which He Has Given Especial Attention, Namely, Ornamental Decoration, And The Harmonious Effect Of Colour. This He Has Applied Not Merely Practically And To The Enrichment Of The Interiors Of Buildings, But To Book ...
Oxalic Acid
Oxalic Acid, The Most Highly Oxygenated Of All The Vegetable Acids, Is Also The Most Rapid And Certainly Fatal Of Any Which Are Capable Of Being Crystallised. As The Crystals Are Not Unlike Those Of The Sulphate Of Magnesia, Or Epsom Salts, Mistakes Between The Two Are Of Very Frequent ...
Oxalic Acid Ho
Oxalic Acid (ho, This Acid Was Discovered By Scheele, In 1776. It Occurs In Several Plants, As In The Wood Sorrel (oxalis Acctosella) Hence The Name Oxalic, And In Common Sorrel (rumex =tom). In The Juice Of These Plants, And In The Roots Of Rhubarb, Bistort, Gentian, Fic., It Is ...
Oxford
Oxford, The Capital Of Oxfordshire, An Episcopal City, Municipal And Parliamentary Borough, Aud University Town, Is Situated Near The Junction Of The Cherwell With The Thames, In 51° 45' N. Let., 1° 16' W. Long., Distant 54 Miles W.n.w. From London By Road, And 63 Miles By The Great Western ...
Oxford University
Oxford University. The Origin Of The University Of Oxford Is Unknown. It Has Been Said By Many Of Our Elder Writers That It Was Founded By Alfred The Great. This Statement Is Now Generally Admitted To Be Fabulous, But It Appears Certain That Oxford Was A Place Of Study In ...
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire, A Midland County Of England, Is Bounded N.e. By Northamptonshire, E. By Buckinghamshire, S. By Berkshire, W. By Gloucestershire, And N.w. By Warwickshire. It Lies Between 51° 23' And 52' 10' N. Lat., 0' 50' And 1° 44' W. Long. The County Is Very Irregular In Form. The Longest ...
Oxide Of Potassium
Potassium, Oxide Of, Potassa Or Potash, 3fedieal Pro Perties Of The Preparations Of Potash Which Are Used In Medicine Are Very Numerous ; But They May Be Reduced And Spoken Of Under A Very Few Heads :—first, Those Which Are Employed From Their Causticity To Produce Counter-irritation, Or To Open ...
Oxisalts
Oxisalts Or Tin. Protonitrate Of Tin Is Formed By Dissolving Either The Metal Or Tho Protaxide In Dilute Nitric Acid. A Yellow Uncrystallisable Solution Is Obtained By Exposure To The Air It Absorbs Oxygen, And Peroxide Of Tin Is Precipitated. Pcrnitrato Of Tin.—when Tin Is Acted Upon By Strong Nitrio ...
Oxy Water
Oxy Water. A Name Sometimes Applied To Binoxide Of Hydrogen. [hydrogen, Binoxile Of.] Oyelt And Terminer. These Words In Ancient Law French Denote A Commission Forming A Court Of Criminal Judicature, The Dis Tinguishing Character Of Which Is Described By Them. The Substance Of The Commission, Or Writ, As It ...
Oxygen 0
Oxygen (0), An Elementary Body, The Properties Of Which Are Best Known And Most Remarkable In Its Elastic Or Tti;riforrn State, In Which It Is Termed Oxygen Gas. The Most Important Discovery Of This Substance Was Made By Dr. Priestley, On The 1st Of August, 1774; And Of His Numerous ...
Oyster Trade
Oyster Trade. The Management Of The Oyster Fishery Presents Many Peculiar Features. The Bast Kind Of Oysters In This Country Are The Small Variety Called Natires ; They Are Found Near The Mouths Of The Rivers Colne, Blackwater, And Crouch, In Essex ; The Swale And The 31edway, In Kent ...
Ozone
Ozone (from The Greek 410, To Smell) Is The Name Given By Professor Schonbein Of Basle To An Odour Evolved During The Progress Of Certain Electrochemical Decompositions. It Is Also Produced By Common Electrie Sparks, And By The Working Of An Ordinary Electrical Machine In The Air. This Odour Attracted ...
Ozonometei
Ozonometei(, An Instrument For Measuring The Quantity Of Ozone Contained In The Atmosphere. The Only Means Of Ascertaining The Presence And Quantity Of This Agent In The Atmosphere, Is Founded Upon The Known Action Of Ozone In Decomposing Iodide Of Potassium. If This Salt Be Exposed To The Action Of ...
P Juyent1us Celsus
Celsus, P. Juye'nt1us, Was The Eon Of Juventiue Coleus, Also A Jurist. This Celsus The Father Is Spoken Of By Celsus The Eon, And Also By Ncratius And Ulpian, In Which Passages He Is Always Spoken Of As Celsus The Father. The Extracts From Coleus In The ' Digest' Are ...
Pa Nathenxa
Pa Nathenxa (flavanivaza), The Greatest Of The Athenian Festivals, Was Celebrated In Honour Of Athena (minerva) As The Guardian Deity Of The City ('alliva Woarc(s). It Is Said To Have Been Instituted By Erictho Nius, Son Of Hephaestus (harpocrat., Na.va0.), And To Have Been Called Originally Athenwa ('ac/antra) ; But ...
Pablo De Cespedes
Ce.spe'des, Pablo De, The Most Learned 'artist And One Of The Moat Distinguished Men Of Spain, Was Born At Cordova In 1538, And Was The Son Of Alouso De Cr/epodes And (maya (arroyo) His Wife. After He Had Received As Good A Literary And Scientific Education At Cordova And At ...
Packing Press
Packing-press. The Hydraulic Press Invented By Mr. Bramah, Besidea Being Used To Draw Piles, Trees, &c., From The Ground, Or To Prove The Strength Of Materials, Is Frequently Employed To Pack Or Compress Bales Of Linen, Cotton, And The Like Goods Into Small Dimen Sions For The Convenience Of Transport. ...
Padova
Pa'dova (called By The English Padua), The Chief City Of The Province Of Padova In Austrian Italy, Is Situated In A Fertile Plain, In 45° 25' N. Lat., 11° 55' 11 Long., 21 Miles By Railway W. By S. From Venice. The River Bacchiglione Flows By Its Walls. Padova Is ...
Paiiados
Paiiados Is A Traverse Placed In Fortifications In The Rear Of A Work, To Cover It From Reverse Fire. Par'adoi (from Wapcaotes, To Received Opinion") Is A ------- — Term Applial To A Propmition Which Is Opposed To The General Belief, Or To Cme Which Appears At First Sight To ...
Paiiaphernalia
Paiiapherna'lia. This Term Comprehends The Dress And Orna Ments Of A Wife Which She Occasionally Wears, And Which She Is Entitled, Under Some Limitations, To Retain After Her Husband's Decease. It Cannot Be Accurately Stated How Much A Wife May Claim As Her Para Phernalia, For This Will Depend On ...
Paiimmpsest
Paiimmpsest (weatookiereer, From Orate Again, And Fetes To Clout's Or Rub) Is A Term Applied To A Manuscript, From Which The Original Text Has Been Erased, In Order To Make Room For A Second Subject ; A Process Which Was Accomplished By Rubbing It With Pumice-atone Or Other Similar Substances ...
Painters Colic
Painter's Colic, Called Also Devonshire Colic, And Colic Of Poitou, From Its Former Frequency In Those Parts, Is A Peculiar And Well-known Variety Of Colic, To Which Load-miners, Painters, And Others Who Use That Metal Are Subject. The Symptoms Are, Severe Pain In The Belly, With Obstinate Constipation And Occasional ...
Painting
Painting Is The Art Of Representing Objects By Means Of Colour On A Plane Surface. In The Present Article It Is Intended, Not To Enter Upon The Question Of The Purpose Or The Limits Of The Art, Nor To Discuss Its Principles Or Practice, But Merely To Give A Broad ...
Paisley
Paisley, Renfrewabire, Scotland, A Parliamentary Burgh And Market-town, Situated On Both Banks Of The White Cart, About 3 Miles Above The Junction Of That River With The Clyde, 8 Miles W. By S. From Glasgow, In 55° 53' N. Lat., 4° 26' W. Long. The Population Was 47,952 In 1851. ...
Palanquin
Palanquin (sometimes Written Palank-eos, And Palkee), A Kind Of Covered Litter Carried, By Means Of Poles, Upon The Shoulders Of Men, Which Forms The Principal Vehicle For Personal Transport In Hindustan, And Varieties Of The Vehicle Are Used In Other Eastern Countries. In Hindustan The Palanquin Is Described By Captain ...
Palatine Countifa
Palatine Countif.a. Three Of The English Counties, Chester, Laos Ter, And Durham Are Counties Palatine, By Prescription. The Cause Of Pembroke. In Wales, Was Also A Oountv Ealatine, Till The Mantis' 27 Henry Viii., A26. The Archblahop Oi York, Previously To The Reign Of Glimbeth, Claimed To Be A Count ...
Palermo
Palermo, The Metropolitan Province Of The Island Of Sicily, Extends Along The Western Part Of The Northern Coast Of Sicily, And Is Bounded E. By The Province Of Messina, W. By That Of Trapani, And S. By The Provinces Of Girgenti And Calatanisetta. Its Area Is 1984 Square Miles, And ...
Palermo_2
Palermo (the Ancient Panormus), The Capital Of The Island Of Sicily And The Second City Of The United Kingdom Of The Two Sicilies, Is Situated On A Deep Bay On The Northern Coast Of Sicily, In 38' 9' N. Lat., 13* 22' E. Long., In A Fine And Fertile Plain ...
Palestine Palestina
Palestine (palesti'na) Is The Name Commonly Applied To The Whole Land Anciently Inhabited By The Israelites, Including The Country Of The Philistinea. It Is Derived From A Hebrew Word Signify Ing The Laud Of The Philistines.' The Country Was Originally Called The Land Of Canaan (exodus, Vi. 4). The Romans ...
Palestrvna
Palestrvna, The Ancient Pramede, A Town In The Campagna. 20 Miles E. From Rome, Built On The South-west Elope Of A High Hill, Which Is An Offset Of The Apennine Ridge That Skirts The Valley Of The Tiber On The East, And Divides It From The High Land Of Abruzzo. ...
Paliestra
Paliestra (waaatorpa), Which Properly Means A School For Wrestling (rcaaleiv, Wrestle," And Wcian, " Wrestling " ), Was Used In Several Different Significations. The Word First Occurs In Herodotus (vi. 126, 128), Who Informs Us That Clisthenes Built At Sicyon A Dromos And Pahestra, Both Of Which He Calls By ...
Palladium
Palladium (pd). A Rare Metal, Chiefly Occurring As An Alloy With Platinum And Iridium, But Sometimes In The Pure State. For Its Natural History, See Platlnum, In Nat. Hist. Div. To Isolate It, The Platinum Ore Is Dissolved In Nitrohydroehlorie Acid, Chloride Of Ammo Nium Is Added To Precipitate The ...
Palsy
Palsy. [nealrm.] Pan, A Deity Of The Greek Mythology, Whose Country Was Arcadia. He Is Said By Homer To Be The Son Of Hermes 1)7 The Daughter Of Dryops ; But Other Writers, While Calling Hermes His Father, Give Him A Different Mother ; While Some Make Him To Have ...
Pampilylia
Pampily'lia., A Province Of Asia Minor, Formerly Called Mopsopia According To Pliny (' Hist. Nat.,' V. 26), Extended Along The Coast Of The Mediterranean From Olbia To Ptolemata (a Distance Of 640 Stadia According To Strabo, Xiv., P. 067) : It Was Bounded On The North By Pisidia, On The ...
Panegyric
Panegyric (from The Greek Panegyricus,' Wavrtyvpinos Ahoy) Is A Species Of Oration In Praise Of A Person Or Thing, So Called Because Such Discourses Used To Be Delivered Iu Ancient Greece On The Occasion Of Great Public Festivals Before The Whole Assembly, " Panegyris," Of The People. Afterwards The Name ...
Panel
Panel. This Term In English Law Denotes A Small Schedule Of Paper Or Parchment Containing The Names Of The Jurors Returned By The Sheriff For The Trial Of Issues In Courts Of Common Law. The En Rolment Of The Names Upon This Schedule Is The Array. The Etymo Logy Of ...
Pannonia
Panno'nia, The Name Of A Province Of The Roman Empire, Was Bounded N. And E. By The Danube, S. By Illyricum And Mcesia, And W. By Noricum. It Was Separated From Mcesia By The Savus (save), And From Illyricum By An Imaginary Lino Drawn A Few Miles South Of The ...
Panorama
Pan'ora'ma (from The Greek Word Say, All, And B'pap.a, A View), A Picture Showing A View Completely Around The Spectator. This In Gimlets. Pictorial Coutit.enee Eras First Devised By An English Artist, Robert Harker. About The Year 1;91: And Is Not So Much A New Moda Of Palettes—the Pr Erns ...
Pantheon
Pantheon. [rome, In Geo°. Div.] L'antocital'h, Sometimes Improperly Called Pentaoraph, Is An Instrument Employed In Copying Maps, Plans, And Other Drawings. The Annexed Diagram Represents That Most Commonly In Use. It Is Composed Of Four Brass Rules Or Bars, Jointed To Each Other At The Points E D E R. ...
Paolo Frisi
Frisi, Paolo, A Distinguished Italian Mathematician, Was Born Rat Milan, April 13, 1723, Of A Family Which Came Originally From Strasbourg; And At Fifteen Yearn Of Age He Was Placed Iu A Monastery Of The Barnabites, Of Whose Order He Became A Member. At This Time Apparently The Cultivation Of ...