Passport
Passport, A Printed Permission Signed By The Secretary Of State Of The Home Department Of A Country, Or Some Other Constituted Authority, Which Allows A Subject Of That Country To Leave It And Go Abroad. When He Has Obtained This, The Bearer Must Have His Passport Signed By The Minister ...
Pasture Land
Pasture Land. There Are Tribes Which Have No Other Occu Pation Than That Of Pasturing Domestic Animals, And Immense Tracts Of Fertile Soil Are Still Unappropriated To Any Definite Owner. Where The Climate Is Genial, And The Extremes Of Heat And Cold Are Unknown, Cattle Are Fed All The Year ...
Pat Era
Pa't Era , An Open Reseed, Approaching To The Form Of A Cup But Flatter, Used By The Romans In Their Sacrifices, In Which They Received The Blood Of The Victims, And With Which They Made Libations. Some !steno Have • Single Handle. The Word Contains The Same Root As ...
Patagonia
Patagonia, A Country In South America, Comprehending The Most Southern Portion Of That Continent, From The Cusu Leubu, Or Rio Negro, To The Strait Of .magalhaens, By Which It Is Divided From Tierra Del Fuego. It Lies Between 38° 50' And 53° 55' S. Lat, 63° Stud 76* W. Long. ...
Patent
Patent. This Term Is Now Ordinarily Applied To Exclusive Rights Of Inauutacture Granted By Royal Letters Patent Under The Provisions Of The Statute Of Monopolies, 21 Jao. I. C. 3, And Subsequent Statutes. Prior To The Statute Of Monopolies It Bad Become Not Unusual For Our Tudor Sovereigns To Grant ...
Pathology
Pathology Rdeor, Disease,' And Abyss, A Discourse ') Is The Science Of Diseases, And Especially Of Those Which Affect Men And Animals Which Are The Subjects Of Medical Treatment. For The Perfect Knowledge Of The Nature Of A Disease, The First Circumstance To Be Determined Is Its Cause ; And ...
Pathology Of Urine
Urine, Pathology Of, And 310rtid States Of. The Normal Constituents Of Urine Are Treated Of In The Article Urine, In The Natural History Division Of This Cyclopredia. We Shall Here Speak Of The Urine In States Of Disease, And More Particularly Of Its Abnormal Constituents. These Latter May Be Divided, ...
Patina
Patina, A Word Used By Archzeologists To Express The Polished Rust By Which Ancient Remains Of Copper, Bronze, Or Brats Are Covered When Laying In Particular Soils. This Rust Tends To The Preservation Of The Object, And Enhances Its Value, And Appears To Have Been Prized By The Greeks And ...
Patricians
Patricians (peirce, Patricii, In Latin) Was The Appellation Of The Members Of The Original Houses Or Gentee, Of Which The Roman Populus, The Ruling Power In The Community, Was At First Composed, And Of Their Descendants, Either By Blood Or Adoption. They Were Origin Ally Divided Into Three Tribes, The ...
Patrick Colquhoun
Colquhoun, Patrick, A Statist Mid Political Economist, Was Born At Dumbarton, On The 14th Of March 1745. He Appearst To Have In His Youth Struggled With Difficulties, Which Prevented His Receiving A Liberal Education. At An Early Period Of Life—apparently When Ho Was Little More Than Sixteen Years Old—he Endeavoured ...
Patrick Henry
Henry, Patrick, An American Orator And Statesman, Was Born In Hanover County, Virginia Colony, May 29th, 1736. His Father Was A Planter In Easy Circumstances, Though Burdened With A Large Family; And Patrick When A Boy Learned In His Father'a House A Little Latin And Less Greek, Both Of Which ...
Patron Us
Patron Us, Derived From Pater, A " Tether," As Materna Ieformect From Seater, A " Mother." The Relation Of Patron And Client (diens) In Ancient Rome Is Discussed In The Article Client; But The Relation Between A Freedman (liberties) And His Patronus Requires A Few Words Of Explanation. In The ...
Patterns
Patterns. Connected With The Subject Of Patents Is The Copy Right Of Designs. By Recent Acts Of Parliament (5 & 6 Vict. C. 100; 6 & 7 Vict. C. 65 ; And 13 & 14 Vict. E. 104—known Respectively As " The Designs Act, 1342 ;" " The Designs Act, ...
Patzcuaro
Patzcuaro. [mexico. Pau, The Capital Of The French Departmeut Of Basses-pyrendes, Is Situated On Tho Right Bank Of The Gave-de-pan, 403 Miles S.w. From Paris, In 43° 17' 44" N. Lat., 0' 22' 24" W. Long., And Has 15,171 Inhabitants In The Commune. The Town Is Situated On A Height, ...
Paul Delaroche
Delaroche, Paul, An Eminent French Painter, Was Born At Paris In 1797. Early Intending To Follow Art As A Profession, He At First Studied Landscape, And Was In 1817 An Unsuccessful Candidate For The Academy Prize In Landscape-painting. Convinced That Landscape Painting Was Not His Vocation, He Entered The Atelier ...
Paul Ernest Tablonski
Tablonski, Paul Ernest, The Son Of Daniel Erncst Jablonski, A Distinguished Minister Of The Protestant Church, Was Born At Berlin In 1693. He Was Educated At The University Of Frankfurt-on-the-oder, Where Ho Applied Himself With Great Diligence And Success To The Study Of The Coptic And Other Oriental Languages. At ...
Paul Johann Anselm Feuerbach
Feuerbach, Paul Johann Anselm, The Most Celebrated German Writer On Criminal Law, Was Born At Frankfurt-on-the-mayn, May 14th, 1775. After Having Studied At Jena, Ha Gave Lectures There On Law In 1708, And Became Successively Professor At The Uni Versities Of Gicsen, Jena, Kid, And Landshuth. While He Was A ...
Paul Jovius
(jovius), Paul, Was Born In 14s3, Of A Noble Family Of Como, And Studied In The Universities Of Padua And Pavia. He Was Intended By His Relatives For The Medical Profession, Which How Ever Ho Forsook To Devote Himself To Literature; And He Studied The Roman Classics, With A View ...
Paul Louis Courier
Courier, Paul Louis, Was Born In 1774. His Father Was S Substantial Farmer, Who Gave Him A Good Education. Courier Math Considerable Progress Both In Classical And Mathematical Studies. H' Served In The French Army In The Campaign Of Rome In 1798-99. Is His Letters Written From That Country To ...
Paul Lucas
Lucas, Paul, Born At Rouen In 1664, First Travelled In The Levant As A Jeweller, After Which Ho Entered The Venetian Service Against The Turks. In 1696 He Returned To France, Bringing With Him A Collection Of Ancient Coins, Engraved Stones, And Other Curiosities, Which Were Purchased For The King's ...
Paul Thyry Holbach
Holbach, Paul Thyry, Baron D', Was Born In 1723 At Heide:el:eine In The Palatinate, Of A Wealthy Family. He Spent The Greater Part Of His Life In Paris, Where He Became The Friend And Patron Of Many Of The Men Of Learning About Paris, Especially Of Those Who Contributed To ...
Paunton
Paunton. [ltecolastilar..) L'avia, A Province In Austrian Italy, Is Bounded N. By The Ililanese, E. By Lodi, W. By Sardinia, From Which It Is Separated By The Ticino, And S. By Sardiula And Parma, Being Divided From Both By The Po. It Is One Of The Most Fertile Provinces In ...
Pausiitate Of Myricyl
Pausiitate Of Myricyl. [13ets-wax; Acin.] Palmitic Acid (c„h,,o,,110). Ellialie Arid. Cetylic Add. Dlidic Add.—an Organic Acid Belonging To The Family Represented By Acetic Acid. It Is Found In The Free State In Palm Oil ; In Combination In Bees Wax, Spermaceti, And Human Fat, And May Be Artificially Obtained By ...
Pawnbrokers
Pawnbrokers. All Persons Who Receive Goods By Way Of Pawn Or Pledge For The Repayment Of Money Lent Thereon At A Higher Rate Of Interest Than Five Per Cent. Per Annum, Are Pawnbrokers. The Character Of The Individual To Whom The Money Is Lent Is Scarcely A Subject Of Consideration ...
Payment
Payment. If A Man Owes Several Sums Of Money To Another On Different Accounts, And Makes A Payment Of Any One Of Such Sums, He May State At The Time Of Payment On Which Account Such Sum Is Paid, And The Payment Will Be Considered To Be Legally Appropriated To ...
Peace Of Treaties Ryswick
Ryswick, Peace Of. [treaties, Chronological Table Of.] The Chief Sibilant Of The English Alphabet, And Is Employed To Represent Two Different Sounds, As In This And These. The Word Sugar Would Seem To Justify The Addition Of A Third Sound, But In This Word The Vowel U, So Often Pronounced ...
Peach
Peach. The (a Mygdalus Persica, Or Persica Vulgaris) Is Generally Considered To Be More Especially A Native Of Persia. It Was Known To The Romans, And Brought To Italy, Where It Became Distin Guished By The Name Of Persica ; And This Name It Still Retains Under Various Modifications In ...
Pear
Pear, The Wild Pear-tree (pyrus Community, From Which Tho Nu Merous Cultivated Varieties Have Originated, Has A Wide Indigenous Range Extending Over A Great Part Of Europe And Asia, Within The Limits Of Temperate Regions. It Is To Be Met With In Certain Localities In The Southern Parts Of Britain. ...
Pearl Fishery
Pearl Fishery. The Fisheries Which Are Carried On To Supply The Market Of The World With Pearls Are Numerous, And Some Of Them Are Of Very Ancient Date. The Fishery At Catlfa In Arabia, Which Pro Duced The Pearl Bought By Tavernier For 110,000/.., Was Celebrated In Pliny's Thee. In ...
Peat
Peat : Economical Use& Pest Is A Substance Of Vegetable Origin, Found Wherever The Soil Has Been Long Soaked With Water Which Has No Outlet And Does Not Completely Evaporate By The Heat Of The Sun. When Dried Peat Is Examined, It Is Found To Consist Of Coats And Fibres ...
Pedacius Or Pedanius Dioscorides
Diosco'rides, Peda'cius. Or Peda'nius, A Greek Writer On Materia Medica, Was Born At Anazarbus, In Cilicia, And Flourished In The Reign Of Nero, As Appears From The Dedication Of His Books To Arens Asciepiadeus, Who Was A Friend Of The Consul Licinius Or Lecanius Bassus. In Early Life He Seems ...
Pedigree
Pedigree. A Pedigree Is A Tabular View Of The Members Of Any Particular Family, With The Relations In Which They Stand To Each Other ; Together, Usually, With Some Slight Notice Of The Principal Events Of The Life Of Each, As The Time And Place Of Birth, Marriage, Death, And ...
Pedlar
Pedlar. This Word Is Said By Dr. Jo Son To Be A Contraction _.... From Petty Dealer, Formed Into A New Term By Long And Familiar Use ; And A Pedlar Is Defined By Him To Be " One Who Travels The Country With Small Commodities." The Same Writer Defines ...
Peers Of The Realm
Peers Of The Realm Are Persons To Whom The Law And Con Stitution Attribute Certain High Dignities And Privileges. Without Meaning To Decide The Question Whether Lords Spiritual Are In Strictness Pens Of The Realm, The Persons Who Fall Under This Description Are The Duke., Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts, And Barons, ...
Peine Forte Et Duke
Peine Forte Et Duke. The "strong And Hard Pain," Which Is Denoted By These Words, Was A Species Of Torture Used By The English Law To Compel Persons To Plead When Charged Judicially With Crimes Less Than Treason, But Amounting To Felony. It Was Applicable Whenever The Accused Stood Mute ...
Peking
Peking, The Capital Of The Chinese Empire, Is Situated Near 40' N. Lat., And Between 116' And 117' E. Long., In A Level Plain, Which On The West Of The Town Assumes An Undulating Surface, And At Some Distance From It Rises Into Low Hills. It Is About 80 Miles ...
Pelarocvn I U
Pelarocvn I U M The Name Of A Greenhouse Plant, Not Unfrequently Confounded With The Geranium. There Is A Large Number Of Genuine Species Of This Genus, Chiefly Inhabiting The Cape Of Good Mope; And As Thew° Intermix Very Readily, A Prodigious Number Of Spurious Species, As Well As Acknowledged ...
Pelasgian Architecture
Pelasgian Architecture. The Vast Masses Of Unhewn And Uneemented Masonry Forming The Walls Of Tiryns,—the Ancient Tirynthus, About Two Miles From Nauplia, On The Road To Argoa,—the Oldest Human Constructions In Greece, Were By Ancient Tradition Attri Buted To The Fabulous Cyclopes. They, And Similar Masses Of Masonry, Have Hence ...
Pellagra
Pella'gra Is A Disease Chiefly Affecting The Skin, And Particularly Prevalent Amongst The Peasantry Of The North Of Italy. According To Dr. Holland (whose Description In The Sth Volume Of The ' London 3icalico-chirurgica1 Transactions,' Is By Far The Best That Has Been Pub Lished In This Country), The Disease ...
Pelluteine
Pelluteine. [pstosss.] Peloponneeslan Wail Is The Name Given To The Great Contest Between Athens And Her Allies On The One Side, And The Peloponnesian Confederacy, Headed By Sparta, On The Other, Which Lasted From 431 To 404 Ngi. The Political State Of Greece At The Commencement Of The War Has ...
Pelosi
Pelosi E Oa, (ammons's/int.. The Root Of The Cissampelos 'minim Contains A Peculiar Alkaloid, To Which These Names Havo Been Given. It Presents The Appearance Of An Amorphous Whitepowder, Which Is But Has A Sweetish Bitter Taste. It Is Insoluble In Water, And Possesses The Name Composition As Codeine. When ...
Pembroke
Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, South Wales, • Market-town, Muni Cipal And Parliamentary Borongh, And The Seat Of A L'oor-law Union, Is Situated On A Navigable Creek Of Milford Haven, In 51* 40' N. Lat., 40° 54' W. Long., Distant 264 Miles W. By N. From London. The Population Of The Borough In ...
Pembrokeshire
Pembrokeshire, A Maritime County, Forming The Extreme West Of South Wales, Is Bounded E. By The Counties Of Caermarthen And Cardigan, On The Other Aides By The Irish And Bristol Channels. It Lies Between 51* 36' And 52' 7' N. Lat., 4' 80' And 5' 20' W. Long. The Length ...
Penal Servitude
Penal-servitude. This Punishment Has Come In Place Of The Former Punishment By Transportatimt, Said To Have Been First Inflicted By Atat. 39 Eliz. C. 4. The First Act Of Parliament On This Subject Is The 18 Car. Ii. C. 3, A. 2, Enabling The Judge Of Assize To Transport Cer ...
Penalty
Penalty, In Its Original And Proper Sense, Is A Pecuniary Punish Ment Imposed By Statute Upon Parties Guilty Of Certain Offences. This Term Is Also Used To Denote A Sum Of Money Which A Party To A Con Tract Has Engaged To Pay In Case He Violates His Engagement. Penalties ...
Penates
Penates Were Roman Deities Who Were Supposed To Preside Over Families And Houses. Cicero ("do Nat. Door.,' Ii. 27) Derives The Word Either From Penes," Food," Or Pcnitus, " Innermost; " But It Appears Probable That The Latter Etymology Is The More Correct. We Learn From Festus (penns) That The ...
Pencil
Pencil, The Name Given To The Small Brushes Used By Artists, Whether Made Of Hog's Bristles, Camel Hair, Fiteh, Or Sable. The Larger Brushes Are Sometimes Set In A Tin Tube, And The Smaller In Quills Of Different Sizes. The Soft Pencils For Artists Are Made As Follows :—the Tail ...
Pendulum
[pendulum], Where G Represents The Force Of 'gravity : Then The Time In Which The Torsion Wire Vibrates Once On Its Axis Being Made Equal To The Time In Which A Simple Pendulum Vibrates, We Have (using The Kim 1 Formula In Elasticity), V=3; Therefore, As The Momentum Of Inertia ...
Pendulum
Pendulum. Under Ilomolocr Will Be Found Some Details Respecting Clock And Compensated Pendulums, Together With Figures Of The Gridiron And Mercurial Pendulums. We Here Insert A Few Miscel Kincous Details On The Same Subject The Way In Which Motion Is Communicated To A Pendulum Is There Described. It May Be ...
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania, One Of The Most Populous And Wealthy Of The United States Of North America, Lies Between 39° 43' And 42° N. Lat., And 74° 40' And 80' My W. Long. It Is Bounded E. By The State Of New Jersey; N.e. And N. By That Of New York; N.w. ...
Penrith
Penrith, Cumberland, A Market-town And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Penrith, Is Situated In A Fertile Vale At The South Extremity Of Inglewood Forest, In 54° 40' N. Lat., 2° 45' W. Long., Distant 17 Miles S. By E. From Carlisle, 283 Miles N.n.w. From ...
Pensa
Pensa Is An Extesseivegneernment Of Russia In Asia. It Is Bounded N. By Nischoei-novgorod, E. By Simbink, S. By Sendoff, And S.w. And W. By Tambott It Lies Between 53' And 54' N. Hit., 42' 20' And 45' 20' K Long. The Population In 1346 Was 1,037,200, Of Whom Nearly ...
Pension
Pension, An Annual Sum Granted By The State To An Individual. The Grounds Upon Which Pensions Are Granted By The State Differ According To The Nature Of The Government. In A Monarchy The Ser Vices Rendered To The Sovereign By Those Who Surround His Person Will Recommend Them As Fitting ...
Pentateuch
Pentateuch (nernarcirxos, From Wirre, "five," And Rscxes," A Volume") Is The Greek Name Of The First Five Books Of The Old Testa Ment, Which Are' Called In Hebrew R1;11n, " The Law." The Hebrew Copies Of The Pentateuch Form One Volume ; The Division Of It Into Five Books Is ...