south expertise.' In making articles In gold and silver, and In rations other kinds of handicraft. They are also fishermen. and sail with their bales. along the amid from one small port to another to exohange their different productions.
The costive tribe. which inhabit the vale of the Huallaga River have been converted, and are nearly equal in eirilimition to the Peruvians. The Sbanarnaclioa live on the eastern batik, of the Humliege, and on the western banks are the Cholone; Sharras, and Ibitas. They all seem to belong to one nation, as they speak one language called the Ibita, though moat of them understand the Quichua. They cultivate the grains sod roots which have been mentioned sa the principal productions of this valley.
The independent native tribes inhabit tho low and level country, east of the mountain region. South of 12' S. lat., on the out of the Amiss, are the Chuncbces, a numerous and ravage race, and the Tuyoneria. The Antes inhabit the country where the Paucartatnba and Quaalembe unite, between 12' and 11' S. lat. North of 11' S. lat., cod as far north as 9' S. lat., are four tribes—the Temp's, l'alutuniquest, Chuntagulrus, and Piro*. The country on both sides of the Pachitee River, as far north as 8' S. lat., is in possession of the numerous cad warlike tribe of the Caehibos. North of them, between the Ilualasga and Ucayali. are the Coniboa, Seteboe, and Shipebos; and still farther north two small tribes, the Maparis and Puinatis. Between the Ucayali and Yavari are the Amajnaces (between and 8' S. hitt, the Remo. (between 8' and 7' S. lath the Sencis and Capa naguas (7' and 6' S. lee), and the numerous tribe of the Mayorunas, who occupy the country to the very banks of the Amazonas. The tribes inhabiting both banks of the Ucayali speak one leuguage, the Palm, or dialects which differ very little from one another. The Conibos, Setelace, and Shipeboa have been partially converted to Christianity; but the missionaries have made no impression on the other tribes, and no attempt at conversion has been made among some of them. Since Peru has obtained its independence the missions have been math neglected, and many of the converted Indians have returned to the woods, and are again lost to civilisation ; but on the whole the Indiana have trade considerable progress during the last thirty years. The converted and several of the unconverted tribes are agriculturists. They use a few articles of European manufacture, ae hatchets, kuives, acimors, needles, buttons, and some glittering baubles, whiob they procure at Nauta on the Amazonas, or at Sarayacu on the Ucayali.
The Chuutaguirus, who are the most remote from all the settlements of the whites, ascend the Ucayali and Urubamba to tho confluence of the Paucartamba and Quilabamba, where they procure by barter such articles sa they want, giving in exchange parrots and other birds, monkey., cotton robes white and painted, feather ornaments, wax, balsams, &c.
afaawfacatires—The Peruvian Indians consume a very small quantity of European manufactured articles. Their dress is composed of cotton or iroollen stuffs made at home, or in several of the small towns in the vale of the Marabou and Jauja. TItese home-made stuffs also serve as the dress of the mixed race. Only the creoles dress in European stuffs. There are some manufactures of cordovan leather, and some tanneries and sosp-houses. The iron utensils, such as hatchets, scis sors, km, made in Caxamarca, aro highly valued. In the large towns many persons are occupied in making vessels, utensils, and ornaments of gold and silver.
Commerce—The country is too mountainous to admit the making of earriage-roads in the interior. Mules are generally used by travel lers and for the transport of merchandise. In the more elevated parts of the oonntry llamas are employed for the latter purpose. The foreign commerce is considerable, especially that with the other countries of America bordering on the Pacific, cud also with Europe. The moat Important article of export is the produce of the mines, especially silver. Sugar, which is sent to Mexico, New Granada, Ecuador, and Chili, and saltpetre, the quantity of which sent to different countries of Europe is very great, perhaps rank next in importance; but of late guano has been an article of very greet traffic. Cotton, tobacco. maize, rice, salt, and spirits, are minor articles. Wheat, flour, wine, and fruits are imported from Chili, with which country there is an active com merce Manufactured goods are received from Europe and from the United State* of North America, and from Canton silk goods and nankeen*. We have no particulars of the total value of the exports and imports of Peru. The value of the imports from England in 1853 was 1,246,7301.; that of the exports from Peru to England in the same year was 1,491,7591. The principal articles exported to England were—bark. cochiuml, oopper.ore, guano, nitre, and wool : of the latter there wore 1,789,919 lb., of cheeps' wool and 2,008,572 lbs. of alpaca and llama wool. Cotton and woollen goods, hardware, cutlery, iron, dte., are the principal articles which Peru imports from England.