Divisions, Towns, is divided Into eleven departments, Anmones, Libertai, Anchas, Junin, Lima, Hueneavelica, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Arequipa, Moquegue, and Puno, which are subdivided into 65 provinces. The capital of the republic is Lima. The following are among the other more important towns: the population is a mere estimate :—A cari, which is built in a fertile plain several miles from the sea, near the southern boundary of the department of Lima, is a considerable place, though little visited by travellers. The port, called Point Loma., has good anchorage and tolerable landing.
Aeseutra ; Arica; Cetus. Ca./enterers stands on the eastern declivity of the Western Andes, in a rich silver-mining district, 75 miles N.E. from Truxillo: population, 7000. It is nearly 9000 feet above the sea level ; contains some handsome churches, and the ruins of palace of the Incas. Cotton and woollen-cloth are manufactured to a considerable extent, and also many articles of silver and iron ; the artificers of Cexamarea,beiog accounted the beet workers in those metals iu Peru. In tho neighhourhood there are hot springs, called the Baths of the Incas. Chachapoyas, near the western declivity of the Eastern Andes, on the road which leads to the vale of the Rio Iluellaga, 70 miles E.N.E. from Caxatuarea, population 3000, is a place of much trade. A great deal of tobacco is raised in the neighbourhood. Chelan°, near the Lake Titicaca, has above 4000 inhabitants, Cuzco. Hwicho, a port and 'city' on the coast, SO miles N. by W. from Lima, contains about 5000 inhabitants, chiefly Indians, who cultivate the rich farms in the vicinity, or work in the salines: the women plait coarse straw-hats, mats, &c., which they carry to Lane for sale. Haoseasgo, the capital of the department of Ayacucho, population 20,000, is a large place, founded by Francisco Pizarro, in an elevated situation, on the road leading from Lima is Cuzco, and has a consider able trade. It has a fine cathedral, a university, sod a seminary for clergymen. The rich creole families that live in this town have large sugar-plantations in the valley of the river Mautaro. The suburbs, which are inhabited by Indians, are large, and the houses better than in other Indian towns. Huanaeo, iu the upper vale of the Rio Huallaga, N.E. of Pasco, population 6000, owes its prosperity to the circumstance of its agricultural produce finding a ready sale at Pasco. In the neighbourhood there are ruins of considerable exteut. Haan earelica, the capital of the department of the same name, population 6000, is built iu a ravine between mountains whom summits rise to the height of 13,000 feet, and which contain several rich mines of gold, silver, and quicksilver. Nothing is cultivated in tho neighbour hood. Huari, in the upper vale of the Marahon, is a mining town of 5000 inhabitants. Islay. (AnEQuirs.] Lambayeque, population 4000, is situated on the coast, 130 miles N.W. from Truxillo, in a district which produces abundance of rice, and has a considerable commerce, though the roadstead is bad. Moyobamba, near the eastern declivity of the Eastern Andes, has 4000 iuhabitants, who make coarse cotton cloth. Pasco, or Cerro Pasco, is built ou the table-laud of Pasco,
48' S. lat., 23' IV. long, 13,673 feet above the sea-level. Pasco is the most elevated town in America, if not in the world, which is permanently inhabited. This town, whose population fluctuates, according to the produce of the mines, between 12,000 and 1S,000, is irregularly built on very uneven ground. The site on which it stands abounds in silver-ore, and the mouths of the mines ars frequently within small houses in the streets of the city. Only those miuee are worked which contain rich ores. The houses are low, and some have small glazed windows ; but the suburbs are merely a collection of mud huts. As the surrounding country is destitute of treea, it is fortunate that coal abounds in the neighbourhood. All kinds of pro visions have to be brought from a distance; but the markets of l'asco are well supplied not only with the necessaries of life, but with many of the most costly luxuries. Payto, near the northern extremity of the coast of Peru, population 6000, is a commercial town with an excellent harbour. The town is built ou the elope and at the foot of a hill. It is the port of the fine vale of tho Rio Piura, which contains 75,000 inhabitants, and is a place of much business, being the port of commuuicatiou with Europe by way of Panama. It exports large quantities of cotton and grain. Pisco, built on a plain, about a mile front the shores of the Bay of Pisco, population 3000, has a consider able commerce, and exports sugar, wine, nud a kind of spirit called Piece, or Italia. South of Pisco are the towns of Yea and Nasca, in which much wine is made and exported to other parts of Peru. These two towns are closely connected with Pisco in the wine trade. Piura, or San Miguel de Piero, the first town founded by the Spaniards in Peru, stands on the left bank of the Rio Piura, nbout 20 miles from Pttyta, population 8000, has considerable manufactures of soap and leather, and an extensive transit trade. It is the largest town in Northern Peru. Pane, on the western shore of the lake of Titicaca, in the valley of the Desaguadero, is the capital of the department of Puuo : population, 8000. In the vicinity are numerous silvermines, which were formerly remarkably productive. Tacna, in the valley of the Arica, about 30 miles from Arica, population 6000, is the defeat of European merchandise for the consumption of the department of Puno and the greater part of the republic of Bolivia. Terme, in the vale of the Rio Jauja, has 5000 inhabitants, who manufacture con siderable quantities of cotton and woollen stuffs. Traria°, founded by Francisco Pizarro, and named after hie birth-place, is situated in the middle of the extensive valley of Chirnu, about e miles from the sea, 8' 7' S. 4' W. long.: population about 6000. The harbour, Huanncho, is an open roadstead. The streets of Truxillo are wide and regular, and it has a tine cathedral and a handsome town-halL The principal articles of export are bullion, sugar, and rice. The valley of Chinm contains the ruins of a largo Indian towu.