There are some remains of a large stone circle and of several ancient circular forts in the Highland parish of Fortingal. Remains of circles, cairns, standing-stones, and similar vestiges of the early inhabitants, are found in the parishes of Kirk-Michael, Blair Athol, Cargill, and other parts of the county.
At the downfal of the Roman empire, Perthshire was occupied by the Picts, who had Abernethy for their capital : it afterwards came into the hands of the Scots. In the latter part of the 10th century, the Danes arrived at the mouth of the Esk with a large fleet, and landing, marched to the Tay. They were entirely routed by the Scottish king, Kenneth III., at Lunearty, near Perth, probably in 990. Duusinane Hill, in Collects parish, between Perth and Celiac Angus, was the stronghold of Macbeth, where Ito was defeated by the English allies of his competitor Malcolm (1054). The importance of Perth, and its rank as capital of the kingdom, made this shire the scene of many contests, some of which are mentioned under Pearrit.
The chief ecclesiastical antiquities of the county are the remains of Dunbinne and Dunkcld cathedrals, Among other ecclesiastical remains may be mentioned Inchatfray, in the parish of Fowlis, an ancient abbey now in ruins, founded in 1200 by an Earl of Strathearn and his countess. Remains of ancient castles are at Moulin, Dorm; Kincardine, Kineiaven, and Drummond castle near Muthili.
Statistics: Religious Worship and Education.—According to tho Returns of the Census in 1851, it appears that there were then in the county 253 placce of worship, of which 89 belonged to the Established Church, 71 to the Free Church, 41 to the United Presby terian church, 15 to Episcopalians, 12 to Baptists, 11 to Indepeudents, and 6 to Roman Catholics. The number of day schools was 307, of which 221 were publio schools, and 86 were private schools ; the total number of scholars was 21,143. Of Sabbath schools there were 230, with 16,294 scholara, of which 76 schools were connected with the Free Church, 74 with the Established Church, and 37 with the United Presbyterian Church. Of evening schools for adults there were 19, with 464 scholars. There were 10 literary and scientific institutes,
with 693 members, and about 9000 volumes in the libraries belonging to them.
&rings Bank—In 1853 the county possessed one savings bank at Perth : the amount owing to depositors on the 20th of November 1853 was 134,7591. 17s. ld.
PERU (Republic of), South America, is situated between 3° 30' and 21° 28' S. lat., 63° 20' and 31° 20' W. long. It is bonnded S. and S.E. by the republic of Bolivia, E. by the empire of Brazil, N. by the republic of Ecuador, and W. by the Pacific Ocean. Its length from south to north, along the meridian of 70°, is above 1150 miles, but its width varies greatly. month of 17° S. lat, it hardly exceeds 30 miles, whilst near 10° S. lat. it is more than 650 miles wide. Its area is about 5S0,000 square miles ; the population is about 1,375.000.
Coastline, Surface, &e.—The coast-line is about 1500 miles in length. In an extent of 1200 miles this coast forms only three straight lilies, which meet at obtuse angles, and are not interrupted by any large Lays. The most southern line runs south and north, the central line runs nearly south-east and north-west, and the northern line runs north-north-west. The most northern and most projecting portion of the coast is broken by bays and headlands.
The southern coast-line, which runs south and north, extends from the month of the river Loa (21' 28' S. lat.), to the harbour of Arica (18° 28'S. lat.), a distance of 210 miles. Tho whole of this line con sists of rocky cliffs, rarely low, and occasionally several hundred feet high. In a few spots a sandy beach lies between the cliffs and the sea. The projecting poitts seldom extend a mile from the mainland, and in no case more than two miles. The only harbour is that of Iquique, which is formed by a low island, the largest that occurs along this coast. Between it and the town is good anchorage in 11 fathoms. The har bour of Arica, which lies at the northern extremity of this coast-line, is also formed by a low island, on the northern side of which there is good anchorage. A mole runs out into the sea, which enables boats to lie quietly while loading or discharging.