[PHILADELPHIA], and the only place through which foreign commerce is carried on. The exports during the year ending Juue 30, 1853. amounted to 6,527,996 dollars, of which 6,255,229 dollars were of domestic produce. Tho imports during the same period amounted to 18,834,410 dollars, of which 10,454,563 dollars were carried in American vessels and 8,379,817 dollars in foreign vessels. The entrances during 1350 were-352 American vessels of the aggregate burden of 100,009 tons, and 185 foreign vessels of the aggregate burden of 32,361 tons. The clearances during 1850 amounted to 479 vessels, of the aggregate burden of 111,618 tons. The total tonnage owned iu the state in 1850 was 257,939 tons, of which by far the greater number were employed in the inland and coasting trade. During the year ending June 30, 1850, there were built in the state 191 vessels, of the aggregate burden of 31,539 tons; of these 56 were steamers, 102 sloops and canal boats, 28 schooners, 4 brigs, and only one a ship.
Divisions, Towns, dc.—Pennsylvania is divided into 63 counties, 21 in Eastern and 42 in Western Pennsylvania. Harrisburg is the political capital ; but Philadelphia is the chief city and the commercial metropolis, and Pittsburg the principal seat of the iron manufactures of the state. PHILADELPHIA forms the subject of a separate article : some of the other more important towns are noticed below; too population is that of 1850:— Harrisburg, the capital, occupies an elevated site on the left bank of the Susquehanna, in 40' 16' N. lat., 76° 50' W. long., 110 miles N.
from Washington : population, 7834. The chief public buildings are the capital, or state house, a large and costly edifice of the Ionic order; the court-house, prison, several churches, schools, &c. Con eiderable manufactures are carried on. A handsome covered bridge nearly 3000 feet long crosses the Susquehanna here. Like almost every other town of any consequence in the state, Harrisburg has ample railway and canal facilities.
Pittsburg, the chief town of Western Pennsylvania, is a city and port of entry; it stands at the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, which uniting here form the Ohio : population, 46,601. The city is regularly laid out, well supplied with watts, and
lighted by gas ; the wide streets are lined with well-built houses; aud several handsome bridges cross both rivers. Among the principal buildings are the court-house, a largo aud costly Doric structure; a spacious Roman Catholio cathedral; about 80 churches, some of con siderable architectural pretensions ; the western university of Penn sylvania ; several schools; a museum ; market-houses; besides banks, hotels on a very sumptuous scale, railway stations, &c. The manu facturing establishments are very numerous, and of great magnitude ; and Pittsburg boasts of being known as the Birmingham of America. The chief manufactures are of iron. There are very large rolling mills, foundries of bar- and pig-iron, nails and other coarse goods, locks, latches, mills, tools, springs, gun-barrels, &c. Tho other leading manufacturing establishments are of glass, soda, potash, white-lead, &c.; with breweries, saw- and grist-mills, &o. A large wholesale and retail trade is also carried on. Great quantities of bituminous coal are obtained in the immediate vicinity of the city. Besides the commercial facilities afforded by the Ohio, which is navigable to l'ittaburg by steamers of largo size, the city is connected with Lake Erie and the Atlantic by canal and railway. Alleghany City, on the opposite side of the Allegheny River, population 21,262, is really a suburb of Pittsburg, with which it is in almost every respect closely identified : and the same may be said of Birmingham (population 3732), and South Pittsburg (18S3), on the opposite bank of the Monongahela. Allegheny City contains the western penitentiary of Pennsylvania ; 30 churches; and has extensive manufactories of iron, hardware, cutlery, glass, cotton goods, &c.