Peter S Duponceau
Duponceau, Peter S., Ll.d., Was Born In The Ile De 1h4, In France, About 1760. He Went Early To The United States Of North America, Served In The Army, And Afterwards In The Office Of The Secretary Of State. He Subsequently Practised For Some Years At The Bar, But Quitted ...
Peterborough
Peterborough, Northamptonshire, A City, Parliamentary Bo Rough, And The Sent Of A Poor-law Union, Is Situated On The Left Bank Of The River Nen, In 52' 35' N. Lat., 15' W. Long., Distant 40 Miles N.e. From Northampton, 81 Miles N. By W. From London By Road, And 76 Miles ...
Petition
Petition. A Petition Is An Application In Writing, Addressed To The Lord Chancellor, In Winch The Petitioner States Certain Facts As The Ground On Which He Prays For The Order And Direction Of The Court. Petitions Are Either Cause Petitions Or Not.. A Cause Petition Is A Peti Tion In ...
Petition Of Right
Petition Of Right. Where The Crown Or A Subject Has A Cause Of Action Against A Subject, The Ordinary Mode Of Putting That Cause Of Action Into A Course Of Legal Investigation Is By The King's Writ, Requiring The Party To Appear In Court To Answer The Complaint. Where The ...
Petition Of Right_2
Petition Of Right. In The First Parliament Of Charles L, Which Met In 1626, The Commons Refused To Grant Supplies Until Certain Rights And Privileges Of The Subject, Which They Alleged Had Been Vio Lated, Should Have Been Solemnly Recognised By A Legislative Enactment. 'with This View They Framed A ...
Petra
Petra, Which Lay Nearly Half Way Between The Dead Sea And The Head Of The Selanitic Gulf, Was One Of The Most Important Towns In The North Of Arabia, And The Capital Of The Nabathrei. It Is In All Probnbihty The Sela Of The Old Testament, Which Signifies, Like The ...
Petwurtii
Petwurtii, Sussex, A Market-town, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Petworth, Is Situated In 50° 59' N. Lat., 0' 36' W. Long., Distant 14 Miles N.n.e. From Chichester And Tulles S.s.w. From London. The Population Of The Town In 1851 Was 2427. The Living Is ...
Peutingerian Table
Peutingerian Table Is The Name Given To A Map Of The Roads Of The Ancient Roman World, Which Is On Parchment, And Was Found In A Library At Speyer In The 15th Century. It Was Bequeathed By The Proprietor Conrad Celtes To His Friend Conrad Peutinger, A Learned Man Of ...
Phalanx
Phalanx (ecisa7i), A Name Given By The Creeks Generally To The Whole Of The Heavy-armed Infantry In An Army, But Particularly To Each Of The Grand Divisions Of That Class Of Troops. The Primary Signification Of Phalanx Is Uncertain; A Straight Bar Or Rod Of Any Material Appeara To Have ...
Pharisees
Pharisees, A Sect Among The Ancient Jews. The Name Is Derived From The Greek .aptaaios, And This Most Probably From The Hebrew T67,parcuh, To Separate. Suidas Says, "the Pharisees Are By Inter Pretation Allovicralvos (the Separated), Because They Divided And Separated Themselves From All Others, In Exactness Of Life And ...
Phatmacy
Phatmacy, In A Comprehensive Sense, Means The Department Of Natural Which Treats Of The Collection, Preparation, And Pm Serration Of Medicines, And Also Of The Art O Idisperuing Them According To The Fortnulle Or Prescriptions Of Medical Practitioners. It Is How Ever More Commonly Used In A Limited Sense, As ...
Phenice
Ph'eni'ce (incorrectly Called Phoenicia), Even In Its Most Flourish Ing State, Was A Very Small Country. It Extended Along The Eastern Coast Of The Mediterranean, From The Town Of Aradus And The River Elentherns, On The North, To Mount Carmel, Or Dora, On The South. (ptolem., V. 15 ; Pliny, ...
Philadelphia
[philadelphia.] Norristown, On The Left Bank Of The Schuylkill, 85 Miles E.s.e. From Harrisburg, Population 6024, Possesses A Great Amount Of Water Power, Which Is Rendered Available For Several Extensive Factories. A Handsome Bridge Spans The River, And A Canal And Railways Afford Ample Facilities For The Transit Of Goods, ...
Philadelphia
[philadelphia], And The Only Place Through Which Foreign Commerce Is Carried On. The Exports During The Year Ending Juue 30, 1853. Amounted To 6,527,996 Dollars, Of Which 6,255,229 Dollars Were Of Domestic Produce. Tho Imports During The Same Period Amounted To 18,834,410 Dollars, Of Which 10,454,563 Dollars Were Carried In ...
Philibert Delorme
Delorme, Philibert, Was Born In 1518 At Lyon, Where His Father Was A Builder Or Undertaker Of Public Works, In Extensive Practice. As He Himself Boasts, He Was Hardly Fifteen When He Had Upwards Of Three Hundred Workmen To Receive Their Directions From Him; Which Probably Means That Such Directions ...
Philip Clu Verius Cluwer
Clu Ve'rius (cluwer), Philip, Was Born At Danzig In 1530. His Father Intending Him For The Profession Of The Law, Sent Him To Study At Leyden ; But Cluverius Showed More Disposition For The Study Of Geography And Antiquities, And Was Encouraged In His Bias By His Acquaintance With Joseph ...
Philip Doddr1dge
Doddr1dge, Philip, D.d., Was Born In 1702, Of An Old Dis Senting Family Living In London, Where He Had The Early Part Of His Education. He Was Then For A Time At St. Albans; And It Having Been Early Perceived That His Turn Of Mind Peculiarly Pointed To The Profession ...
Philip Dormer Stanhope Chesterfield
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Fourth Earl Of, Wan Born In London On The 22nd Of September, 1694. Treated With Coldness Almost Amounting To Aversion By His Father, He Was Placed First In The Hands Of A Private Tutor, And At The Ago Of Eighteen Sent To Trinity College, Cambridge, When ...
Philip James De Loutherbourg
Loutherbourg, Philip James De, A Distinguished Land Scape Painter, Born At Strasbourg On Tho Slat Of October 1740, Was The Son Of A Miniature Painter Who Died At Paris In 1768. He At First Studied Under Tischbein, Afterwards Under Casanova, Whose Name As An Historical Painter Was Then In Great ...
Philip Yorke Hardwicke
Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, Rum Earl Or, Was The Son Of An Attorney At Dover, Where He Was Born On The 1st Of December 1690. His Father Was In Very Indifferent Circnmstances, And Wholly Unable To Afford Him The Education Generally Bestowed Upon Young Men In Hie Station Of Life. The ...
Philippe De Co3iines
Co3iines, Philippe De, Lord Of Argenton, Was Born At The Château Of Cominea, Near Menin In Flanders, About 1445. His Father Was In The Service Of Philip The Good, Duke Of Burgundy, Who Was Also Sovereign Of Flanders, And Philip Himself Was Early Iutroduced Into The Court Of Charles Le ...
Philippe Nericault Destouches
Destouches, Philippe-nericault, Was Born At Tours, In 1680. He Much Displeased His Relations By Turning Actor, When They Had Designed Him For The Law. He Wandered From Town To Town As Director Of A Company Of Comedians, Among Whom He Was Distin Guished By His Strict Morality And His Great ...
Philosophy
Philosophy, From The Greek Philosophic (0,aocwina), Literally Signifies " Love Of Wisdom Or Knowledge," And A Philosopher (oduisecoos), Is A "lover Of Wisdom." Pythagoras (diog. Laert., Prawns.) Is Said To Have First Used The Term Philosophy, And To Have Called Himself A Philosopher, Instead Of A Sophus (copes), Or Man," ...
Phlorone
Phlorone. (0„11,,o) A Yellow Oil Obtained By The Dry Distil Lation Of Camphorate Of Lime. It Emits An Odour Like Peppermint. Phocenio Acid. [valzetasto Acid.) Pliocenin. Synonymous With Vasents. Plicenix (*o?rif), One Of The Most Renowned Of The Fabulous Monsters Of Antiquity, Defined By The Arabians To Be A " ...
Phocis
Phocis Was Bounded S. By The Corinthian Gulf, W. By Doris And The Locri Ozolte, N. By The Locri Epicnemidii And Opuntii, And E. By B000tia. Strabo Says (ix. P. 416) That Phocis Was Divided Into Two Parts By The Range Of Parnassos, Which Extends In A South-easterly Direction Through ...
Phosphorus
Phosphorus. This Elementary, Solid, Non-metallic Body Was Discovered In 1669, By Brandt, An Alchemist Of Hamburg ; He Kept The Mode Of Preparation For A Long Time Secret, But As He Could Not Conceal The Fact Of Its Being Obtained From Urine, Kunkel Tried To Procure It From The Same ...
Photography
Photography Is Both An Art And A Science. As An Art It Enables Us To Draw, Depict, Or Write By Means Of Light. As A Science It Teaches Us How To Observe And To Investigate The Effects Produced By Light Upon All Natural Bodies, Whether Animate Or Inanimate, Mineral, Vege ...
Photometer
Photometer (literally "light-measurer," From Or And Senor), The Name Given To Instruments Constructed For The Purpose Of Measuring The Relative Illuminating Powers Of Different Sources Of Light. When Light Or Heat Falls Upon Any Substance, It Is Disposed Of Either By, Reflection, Absorption, Or Tranamiesion, Or Else By Two Of ...
Phrenology
Phrenology (from Of,v, Mind, And Ahor, Discourse) Is, In The Words Of Dr. Spurzheim, The Doctrine Of The Special Faculties Of The Mind, And Of The Relations Between Their Manifestations And The Body, Particularly The Brain. Without Entering Upon The Question Of The Nature Of The Mind, Or Of The ...
Phthisis
Phthisis (a Greek Word, Epefair, Signifying "corruption," " Decay") Was Formerly Used As A Generic Term To Signify A Wasting Or Consumption From Any Cause, And Was Afterwards More Distinctly Specified, According To The Organ In Which It Was Supposed To Originate: Hence We Had A Phthisis Hepatica, P. Mesenterica, ...
Physician
Physician (a Ovoids), A Word Derived From Oats, Nature, Which Meant Originally What We Should Now Call A Natural Philosopher, Or One Of Those Persons Who Have For Their Object The Investigation Of Nature And Its Laws, In Opposition To Of Vitro', Or Those Who Examine Particu Larly Into The ...
Physiognomy
Physiognomy (cpueurraepovia) Is The Art Of Determining The Mental Character Of An Individual By The Examination Of His Counte Nance. The Popular Ideas Of The Indications Afforded By Different Kinds Of Features, By The Adoption Of Which Almost Every One Is At Times A Practitioner Of Physiognomy, Are Nearly As ...
Piano Forte
Piano-forte, A Keyed Musical Instrument, Variously Formed And Under Different Denominations, Such As Grand, Semi-grand, Square, Cabinet, Cottage, &e. The First Notion Of The Square Piano-forte Was Taken From Tho Clavichord By A German Mechanic Of The Name Of Yiator, Mere Than A Hundred Years Ago ; But, For Want ...
Picts
Picts, An Ancient People Of North Britain, Whose Origin And History Are Singularly Obscure, And Have Furnished Matter For Endless Specula Tion And Controversy. The Name Does Not Occur In The Enumeration Of The British Tribes Given By Ptolemy In The Beginning Of The 2nd Century ; Nor Are The ...
Picturesque
Picturesque (in Italian Pittoresco, Painter-like Or Picture-like, And Therefore Expressed In German By The Word Maiderisch, Which Is Of Exactly The Same Import) Is That Quality Which Peculiarly Recommends Objects For Pictorial Representation. Consequently, In Order To Ascer Tain Wherein This Quality Consists, It Is Necessary To Consider What It ...
Piemonte Piedmont
Piedmont, Piemo'nte, Or Pie' 1)1 Mo'nte, Which Means A Country At The Foot Of Mountains, Is The Old Name Of A District Of North Italy Which Forms Part Of The Sardinian States. It Has The Title Of A Principality, And The Eldest Son Of The King Of Sardinia Is Styled ...
Pierre Andre Latreille
Latreille, Pierre-andre, A French Naturalist, Particularly Distinguished In The Department Of Entomology, Was Born At Brivea On The 29th Of November 1762. Having Shown An Early Taste For The Study Of Natural History, And For Literary Pursuits Generally, The Baron D'espagnac, Governor Of The Hotel Des Invalides, Brought Him To ...
Pierre Antoine Noel Bruno
Daru, Pierre Antoine Noel Bruno, Count, Was Born At Montpellier, January 12th,1707. He Was Educated In The Military Academy At Tournon, Then Directed By The Fathers Of The Oratory, And Very Soon Distinguished Himself By His Proficiency In Literary Exercises. Though Destined For An Administrative Career, He Received A Brevet ...
Pierre Ciiarlevoix
Ciiarlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier De, Born At St. Quentin In 1682, Was Educated By The Jesuits, And Was Sdrnitted Into Their Order In Early Life. In 1720 He Was Appointed To One Of The Jesuit Missions In Canada, And, Embarking At Rochelle, He Arrived At Quebec In The Autumn Of ...
Pierre Corneille
Corneille, Pierre, Was Born Iu The Year 1606, At Bouen, Where His Father Was An Advocate. Pierre Himself Was Destined For The Bar, And Had Beguu To Practise In That Profession, In Which How Ever He Had But Little Success. Having Been Taken By One Of His Friends To See ...
Pierre De Fer3iat
Fer3iat, Pierre De, Was Born At Toulouse, About 1595, And Was Brought Up To The Profession Of The Law. We Have But Few Inci Dents Of His Private Life, Except That Be Became A Counsellor Of The Parliament Of His Native Town, Was Universally Respected For His Talents, And Lived ...
Pierre Gassendi
Gassendi, Pierre (properly Gassend), One Of The Most Distinguished Of The Naturalists, Mathematicians, And Philosophers Of France, Was Born 22nd Of January 1592, At Chantersier, A Village Near Digne, In The Department Of The Lower Alps, Of Poor Parents. Richer In Virtue Than In Worldly Goods, They Were Content To ...
Pierre Jean George Cabanis
Cabanis, Pierre Jean George, A Distinguished Physician And Philosopher, The Son Of Jean Baptiste Cabanis, An Able Agricul Turist, Was Born At Conao In 1757. His Natural Disposition Appears To Have Been Somewhat Violent, And The Earlier Period Of His Youth Was Passed In Continual Struggles Against The Severity Of ...
Pierre Jur1eu
Jur1eu, Pierre, Was Born In 1637, And Was The Son Of A Protestant Minister At Mer, In The Diocese Of Blois, And Nephew Of The Celebrated Rivet And Du Moulin. When Of Age To Enter The Ministry, La Succeeded His Father In His Pastoral Office. His Repu Tation For Learning ...
Pierre Lescot
Lescot, Pierre, A French Architect Of The 16th Century, Of Whom However Nothing Is Distinctly Known, But Ho Is Generally Sup Posed To Have Designed And Commenced, Together With Jean Goujon, The Present Palace Of The Louvre For Francis L And Henri Ii.: The Exact Timo Is A Matter Of ...
Pierre Louis Ginguenr
Ginguenr, Pierre-louis, Born At Rennes In Brittany, In 1748, Early Applied Himself To The Study Of Literature And Of Foreign Languages. Holing Removed To Paris He Made Himself Known By Several Works, Especially By His Poem On The Death Of The Young Prince Leopold Of Brunswick, Who Was Drowned In ...
Pierre Narcisse Guerin
Guerin, Pierre-narcisse, Baron, A Distinguished French Painter, Born At Paris In 1774, Was The Pupil Of J. B. Regnault. His Works Are The Perfection Of Manner In Imitation Of The Antique; They Display Notwithstanding Great Skill And Perseverance. By Antique Manner In Painting Is Meant What May Be Termed A ...
Pierre Sinion Laplace
Laplace, Pierre-sinion. A Life Of Laplace Can Hold No Middle Place Between A Short Account For The General Reader, And A Detailed Description Of His Labours For The Reference Of Those Who Read His Works. Independently Of The Later Being Too Long For This Work, We Have A Specific Reason ...
Piers
Piers, Of Harbours And Of Landing-places. In The Artificial Ban Hours Formed Upon The Shores Of Bays Or Roadsteads, It Ia Often Necessary To Execute A Defensive Mass Of Stone-work, Or Occasionally Of Timber, Either For The Purpose Of Securing The Tranquillity Of The Harbour, Or Of Providing The Means ...
Pietro Liberi
Li'beri, Pietro, Cavaliere, Was A Celebrated Painter Of Padua, Where He Was Born In 1605. He Was The Pupil Of Padovaniuo, And Is Considered By Some The Bast Draftsman Of The Venetian School Of Painters. He Atudiel In Rome, At Parma, And In Venice, And His Works Are Not Distinguished ...
Piezwieter
Piezwieter (in(cca And Perpeco). Under Elasticity Are Noticed The Various Attempts To Measure The Compressibility Of Water And Other Fluids, And Reference Is Made To Professor Oersted's Instrument By Which The Problem Wassatisfactorily Solved. It Consists Of A Strong Glass Cylindrical Vessel A Ne N With A Smaller Cylinder Sass. ...
Piirygia
Piirygia, A Country Of Asia Minor. The Boundaries Of Phrygia Differed At Various Times. Before The Establishment Of The Province Of Galatia By The Gauls, Who Invaded Asia Minor, Phrygia Extended As Far As The River Halys. Phrygia Is A High Table-land, Supported On The South By Mount Taurus, And ...
Pile Engine
Pile-engine. The Machinery Used For The Purpose Of Driving Piles Is Rather Varied ; But It Is Only Within A Very Few Years That It Has Assailed Anything Like • Scientific, Character, Or Has Admitted The Application Of Any Mechanical Power Other Than Mere Brute Strength. The Pile-engines Which Are ...