PISA, a province of Tuscany, is bounded N. by the province of Lucca, E. by that of Firenze, W. by the Mediterranean, and S. by the province of Siena. It comprises—], the lower part of the basin of the Arno, with a small part of that of the Serchio ; 2, a part of a hilly range, called Montenero, which bounds the basin of the Arno on the south, and runs close to the sea south-east of Livorno ; 3, the basin of the Cecina, south of the hills just mentioned ; and 4, a strip of land south of the mouths of the Cecina, and extending along the sea-coast, and between that and the hills for about 12 miles, as far as the Torre San 'Vincenzo. The area of the province is 1177 square miles, and the population in April 1854 amounted to 231,473. The city of Livorno (Leghorn) and territory about it amounting altogether to 38 square miles, and formerly included in the province of Pisa, has been recently formed into a separate government, to which the islands of Elba and Gorgona also are annexed. [LroonNo ; EMU.] In the changes that occurred after the death of the ex-empress Maria Louisa in 1S47, the outlying districts of Pontremoli and Fivizzano, formerly belonging to Tuscany and included in the province of Pisa, were ceded to Parma and Modena respectively; but the detached districts of Pietrasanta, Barge, and Seravezza, are still held by Tuscany in virtue of the Con vention of Florence (Nov. 28, 1844). Barge lies in the valley of the Upper Serchio. [GARFACNANA.) The district of Pietra.santa lies along
the sea-coast between the territories of Lucca and of Massa and Carrara. It stretches from the sea to the foot of the Carrara Moun tains, or Alpe Apuana, and is chiefly noted for its marble quarries at Seravezza, which are of the sarno description as those of.Carrara.
The central and southcru parts of the province are crossed by rami fications of the Apennines, and the northern part is the wide plain in which the city of Pisa stands. The principal rivers are the Arno and the Serchio, which traverse the plain of Pisa and here enter the sea. The other rivers "lie the Ern, a feeder of the Lower Arno, and the Ceeinn, which rises in the range of high lands, between 1000 and 1500 feet high (which divides the Maremma, or maritime low lands, from the valley of the Ombrone in the province of Siena), and after a tortuous course of about 40 miles in a western direction, enters the sea by two mouths iu the Gulf of Vad, 22 miles S.E. of Livorno. In the north west of the province there are several marshy lakes: a narrow strip along the coast is unhealthy in summer and autumn, owing to malaria. The soil is very fertile in corn, wine, and fruits. The province is crossed by railways and electro-telegraphic wires connecting the city of Pisa with Lucca, Florence, and Leghorn. The chief towns, PISA and VourennA, aro noticed in separate articles.