4. Lublin, the most south-eastern part of tho viceroyalty, is com posed of the circles of Lublin, Chehn, Josefow, and Zamoski, which formerly belonged to Galicia, and were ceded by Austria in 1810 to the then duchy of Warsaw. It lies between 50° 17' and 51° 43' N. lat., 21° 45' and 24° 7' E. long., comprising an area of 6455 square miles, with a population of 530,190. It is bounded N. by Podlnchis, E. by Volhyuia, S. by Galicia, and \V. by Sandomir. The Vistula separates it from Sandomir, the Bug from Vollaynia, and the Wicprz (which flows through it) for some distance from Podlachia. This province has extensive forests, and in some parts morasses, but likewise contains tracts of good arable land, and pasturage with a fine breed of cattle. There are no metals except bog-iron.
The principal towns in the circle of Lublin, besides the capital [Luette] are the following : Lubartow, on the 1Vieprz, has a fine castle, three churches, a Capuchin convent, and 3200 inhabitants. Kerrey, on the Kurowka, has a floe palace of Count Potocki, two churches, and 1020 inhabitants. In 1816 a mineral spring was disco vered, the waters of which resemble those of l'yrniont :limey, on the Vistula, in the north-west of the province, was ooco the residence of l'rince Czartoryski, whose splendid palace, with its library of 60,000 volumes, many manuscripts, a collection of rare Polish antiquities, and countless treasures of art, was celebrated throughout Europe. The park was the finest in Poland. The Russians laid the whole waste in 1831, during the ill-fated Polish revolution. Zanies; a very strong fortress on the Wieprz, was founded in 1588 by John Zamoyski, after his victory over the archduke Maximilian of Austria. The houses were built in the Italian style ; and a high school with a considerable library was founded in 1605. On the partition of Poland, it fell to the share of Austria. In 1820 the Russian government bought the town and environs from Count Stanialaus Zamoyski, who received for it above fifty estates belonging to the state. Hereupon the place was still more strongly fortified, and was deprived of its extensive suburbs. It has however still above 5000 inhabitants, with the fine palace of Count Zamoyski, an arsenal, four churches, the town-hall, two convents, and a theatre. Hrubieszow, situated on an island in the Hnlzwa, a small feeder of the Bng, has three churches, a convent, and 3900 inhabitants. Krasnistaw, on the Wieprz and a lake, is a walled town ; it has an old episcopal palace, several churches, and 2952 inhabitants, among whom are many Jews. Mein- has a castle on a high hill, several churches,
a Piarist college, a gymnasium, and 2000 inhabitants.
5. Plonk lies between 52° 15' and 53° 30' N. let., 13° 45' and 22° 35' E. long. It is bounded S. by the Bug and the Vistula, E. by the Drewenz ; the Narew flows through it. In some parts there are tracts of the finest arable land and meadows, in others extensive forests and marshes. It is bounded N. and W. by Prussia, E. by Angustowo, and S. by Podlachin and 31asovia. The area is 6411 square mites. The population is 517,455. Plock is the capital. [ptoce.] Pellusk on the Narew is a bishop's see, and has a palace, a cathedral, three churches, several suppressed monasteries, is synagogue, and a gymnasium. The population is 3760. Wynogrocl on the Vistula has 3500 inhabitants, of whom 1500 are Jews. Dledlin at the confluence of the Bog and the Vistula has always been a strong fortress, but since the insurrection of 1830 a new fortress of the first rank has been erected.
6. Nazoria is situated between 51' 30' and 52- 55' N. lat., 18' and 22* E. long. It is bounded N. by Plock, E. by Podlachia, S. by San domir, and W. by Kalisch and I'osen. Its area is 7616 square miles. It lies on both sides of the Vistula, which flows through it, and has on the whole a rich fertile soil, which is well cultivated In the neighbourhood of the capital, and it also contains extensive forests. Wansaw the capital of the viceroyalty is within Masovia, but now forma a distinct government, Leiria on the Bzura has 6700 inhabitants, an ancient castle, a cathedral, and three other churches, a gymnasium, four convents, and a seminary for schoolmasters. The inhabitants are partly employed in the manufacture of linen and in bleaching wax. There are two annual horse and cattle fairs, where a great deal of business is done. Totnoszow, a new manufacturing town at the confluence of the Wolborka and the Pities, has important manu factures of woollens, cotton, and iron, a considerable trade, and 8000 inhabitants. Alt:rand moo, a newly established manufacturing town, with manufactures of woollen cloths, has 3200 inhabitants. Ozockow on the Bzura has also mannfactories of woollen cloth, and the population is said to be near 8000. Kutner Is a flourishing town, with 4000 inhabitants.