Potting Of Plants
Potting Of Plants. When Plants Are Placed To Grow In A Small Earthen Vessel, Like A Garden Pot, Their Condition Is Very Different From That To Which They Are Naturally Exposed. The Roots Have Not Liberty To Extend Themselves As They Choose, And They Are Either Obliged To Grow Back ...
Poultry
Poultry, From The French Poulet. The Term Includes All The Domesticated Birds Reared For The Table ; Fowls, Turkeys, Geese, Ducks, And Guinea Fowls. Powls." The Strong And Ambulatorial Feet Of The Gallinaceous Birds Adapted To The Region Where They Chiefly Resort For Their Food And The Purposes Of Incubation ...
Power
Power. In Facronials, The Manner In Which The Term Power Was Introduced Into Arithmetic Is Seen. By Definition, The Fourth Power Of X Means The Product Of Four Xes, Or Xxxxxxx; And The Same Of Other Powers. But It Is Far More Symmetrical To Begin From Unity ; And To ...
Pozzuolano
Pozzuolano. A Material Used By The Ancient Roman, And Even By Modern, Hydraulic Engineers For The Purpose Of Preparing An Artificial Cement For Works Constructed In The Sea. This Material Was Originally Obtained From The Volcanic Formations Of The Bay Of Puteoh, Near Naples (from Which Circumstance The Name Itself ...
Practical Optics
Optics, Practical, Is That Part Of Science Which Applies The Physical Properties Of Light And The Mathematical Laws Of Orrres To The Construction Of Useful Optical Instruments. By The Former We Determine The Constants Necessary To Render The Formulae Of The Latter Convertible Into Numbers. The Refractive And Dispersive Indices ...
Practice
Practice, A Rule Of Arithmetic, Appropriately So Termed Because It Hardly Contains Any New Principle, But Depends For Its Application Upon The Memory And Dexterity Which The Operator Acquires From Practice. Thus, In The Following Simple Question, "how Much Do 40 Yards Cost At 18d. A Yard," Some Arithmeticians (unpractised) ...
Prague
Prague, Properly ]'rag, The Capital Of Bohemia, Is Situates In 50' 5' 19' N. Let., 14' 23' Fs Long., 250 Miles N.n.w. From Vienna By Railway Through 13rtirm, But Only 158 Miles Iu A Straight Line. The Town Is Built On The Banks Of The Moldau, In A Valley And ...
Prayer
Prayer, A Term In Theology, Used To Dcsiguate The Intercourse Passing Between Human Minds And The Divine. Language Appears Not To Be Necessary To Complete The Idea Which The Word Represents, Since We Speak Of Mental Prayer, Which Is Thought Directed Heaven-wise In Adoration Or In Entreaty Without The Sentiment ...
Prebend
Prebend, Derived From The Latin Word Prmbro (to Minister To, Or Yield), Is An Endowment In Land, Or Pension In Money Given To A Cathedral Or Conventual Church In Prabendam, That Is, For A Mainte Nance Of A Secular Priest Or Regular Canon, Who Was A Prebendary As Supported By ...
Precedence
Precedence, One Of The Artificial Distinctions Among Men Living In A State Of Political Society. In All Countries The Great Mass Of Mankind Will Be Of Ono Level, No Individual Possessing Political Privi Leges Which Do Not Belong To The Rest, Except As Pertaining To Some Particular Employment In The ...
Precession And Nutation
Precession And Nutation, The Abbreviated Way Of Ex Pressing The Precession Of The Equinoxes And The Nutation Of The Earth's Axis. These Phenomena Should Always Be Considered In Connection Wit The Rotation Of The Earth, Of Which They Really Fonn A Part ; That Is To Sae, Diurnal Rotation, Precession, ...
Predicables
Predicables. The Term Predicable (kara-yopith,prodicabile) Is Applied In Logic To General Names, Considered As Capable Of Being The Predicates Of Prdpositions. (on Predication, See Organon.] The Classes Of Predicables Usually Recognised By Logicians Are Five, Namely, 1, Genus; 2, Species ; 3, Differentia; 4, Proprium ; 5, Accidens, Which Latin ...
Prepositions
Prepositions Are Curtain Wools Which (aloes* A Relation Between Different Things. All Words Ii Ay Be Divided Into Notional And Relational. N 0110n, Notional..] Notional Words Are Those Which Express Notions, And Which Are Objecta Of The Understanding. Relational Words Are Those Which Merely Express A Relation Between The Different ...
Prerogative
Prerogative, A Word Descended To Us From The Times Of The Romans, Or, Rather, Adopted From Their To Denote A Certain Power In The Constitution Of Monarchical States. Its Etymology Is Obvious, Though The Formation Is Not Perhaps Quite Accordant With The Analogies. Pm And Rogo Would Seem To Give ...
Presburg
Presburg, A Town In Hungary, Is Situated On The North Bank Of The Danube, 33 Miles In A Straight Line, 41 Miles By Railway E. From Vienna, In 48° 8' N. Lat., 10'45" E. Long., And Has 38,000 Inhabit Ants. It Is Built On A Hill Of Moderate Height, Commanding ...
Presbyterians
Presbyterians (rpecn3srepos, An Elder) Are Professors Of The Christian Religion Who Believe That There Is No Order In The Church, As Established By Christ And His Apostles, Superior To That Of Presbyters ; That All Ministers, Being Ambassadors Of Christ, Are Equal By Com Mission; That Presbyter Or Elder, And ...
Prescription
Prescription Has, By The Law Of Scotland, A Much Wider Opera Tion Than Either By The Civil Law Or The Law Of England, Supplying The Place Of The Statute Of Limitations In The Latter System. It Not Only Protects Individuals From Adverse Proceedings Which Other Parties Might Have Conducted If ...
Prescription
Prescription. "no Custom Is To Be Allowed, But Such Custom As Hath Been Used By Title Of Prescription, That Is To Say, From Time Out Of Tniud. But Divers Opinions Have Been Of Time Out Of Mind, &e And Of Title Of Prescription, Which Is All One In The Law." ...
Pressure
Pressure. To Explain The Use Of This Term In Mechanics, We Must Remember Its Previous And Common Use. When We Attempt To Move Matter, Or When We Sustain A Weight, The Effect Is Accompanied By A Perception Which Is Called Pressure. The Sense Of Touch Is Nothing But This Perception; ...
Preston
Preston, Lancashire, Market And Manufacturing Town, Muni Cipal And Parliamentary Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Preston, Is Situated On The Right Bank And Near The Head Of The :estuary Of The River Ribble, Where It Receives The Darwen And The Lostock, In ...
Presujiption
Presujiption. A Presumption May Be Defined To Be A Belief Or Inference As To The Existence Of A Fact Not Actually Known, Arising From Its Necessary Or Usual Connection With Others Which Are Known. A Fact May Be Proved By The Immediate Knowledge Of The Witnesses To It, Which Is ...
Priest
Priest (saxon, Preost, From The Oreek Epsafltissper, An Cider), In Its Popular Acceptation, Is The Name Of A Minister Of Religion In All Ages And Countries. Priest Is Used To Express The Greek Hiercus (tepee's) And The Latin Sacerdos, Which Signify In General A Sacrificer. Whatever May Be The Primitive ...
Prime
Prime. A Number Is Said To Be Prime When It Is Not Divisible Without Remainder By Any Less Number Than Itself, Except Unity. Thus 1, 2, 3, Are Of Necessity Prime ; 4 Is Not, Being Divisible By 2 ; 5 Is Prime, And So Are 7, 11, 13, 17, ...
Prince
Prince Is The Latin Word Princeps, Which Was Originally Used To Denote The Person Who Was Entitled Prioceps Senatus In The Roman State. He Seems To Have Been Originally The Eustos Of The City, And His Office Was One Of Importance. Subsequently It Became A Title Of Dignity, And The ...
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island, A British Colony, Is Situated On The South Aide Of The Gulf Of St. Lawrence, Between 45° 58' And 47° 7' N. Lat., 62' And 64' 27' \v. Long. Its Length From East To West Is About 140 Miles, And It Varies In Width From 10 To ...
Prince George Of Denmark
George Of Denmark, Prince, Has A Place In English History As The Husband Of One Of Our Queens, And As Having Resided Many Years In England, And Held High Public Office. He Was Born April 21et 1853, And Was The Youngest Son Of Frederick Iii., King Of Denmark, And ...
Prince Of Wales
Wales, Prince Of, Is The Title Usually Borne By The Eldest Son, Or Heir Apparent, Of The British King Or Queen. This Title Originally Distinguished The Native Princes Of Wales ; But After The Entire Cou Quest Of Wales And Its Union With England, The Title Was Transferred To The ...
Princes R1sborough
Prince's R1sborough, Buckinghamahire, A Market-town, In The Parish Of Prince's Risborough, Is Situated Near The Oxfordshire Border, In 51' 43' N. Lat, 0° 50' W. Long., Distant 8 Miles S. From Aylesbury, And 37 Miles N.w. By W. From Loudon. The Population Of The Parish In 1851 Was 2317. The ...
Principia
Principia, The Contracted Title Of The Philosophic Naturalis Principia Mathematica,' The Great Work Of Newton, The Publication Of Which Is The Most Remarkable Known Epoch In The History Of Science. The Title-page Of The First Edition Is : Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Autore Is. Newton, Trin. Coll. Cantab., Soc. Matheseos Professore ...
Printing
Printing, In The Widest Sense Of The Word, May Be Defined To Be The Art Of Producing Copies Of Any Writing Or Other Marks By Pressure, Either Upon A Substance So Soft As (like Wax Or Clay) To Take The Shape, Whether In Relief Or By Indentation, Of The Stamp ...
Prism
Prism (iplopa), In Mathematics, Is A Solid Formed By A Straight Line Which Moves Parallel To A Given Straight Line, And One End Of Which Traces Out The Contour Of A Given Rectilinear Polygon. The Other Extremity Of The Moving Straight Line Traces Out An Equal And Similar Polygon, Placed ...
Privy Council
Privy Council (consilium Regis Privatum, Concilium Secretum Et Continuum Concilium Regis). The Pnvy Council, Or Council Table, Consists Of The Assembly Of The Queen's Privy Councillors For Matters Of State. Their Number Was Anciently About Twelve, But Is Now Indefi Nitely Increased. The Present Usage Is, That No Members Attend ...
Prize
Prize, Property Taken From An Enemy At Sea, The Law As To Which Is Regulated By The General Law Of Nations. As Between The Belligerent Powers Themselves, The Property In A Ship Or Other Thing Captured Passes At Once, By The Mere Taking Itself, To The Captor. But The Thing ...
Probabilities Probability
Probability, Probabilities, Theory Of. A Conclusion Is Said To Be Known, In Two Distinct Ways ; First, When It Is Derived From Those Principles (as We Call Them) Which May Be Considered As Common To All Mankind, Or Which At Least No One Is Found To Deny ; Secondly, When ...
Problem
Problem 1.-the Probabilities Of R And Q, At. Any One Trial, Are As A To B, That Is, It Is A To B For Against O, And B To A For Q Against P. A Large Number Of Trials N(a+ B) Is Made; What Are The Chances That The Number ...
Problem
Problem 3.-in A + B Trials, A And B Not Being Small Numbers, And Nothing Whatever Being Known Except What These Trials Tell, It Is Found That R Happens A Times, And Q Happens B Times; From Which It Ie Ex Ceedingly Likely That The Probabilities Of R And Q ...
Problem_2
Problem (epgi)pnea) Means Simply A Thing Put Forward Or Pro Posed. In Mathematical Language It Is Anything Which Is Required To Be Done, And In The Earlier Writers Is Distinguished From A Theorem, Or Assertion To Be Proved, In That The Latter Does Not Require Any Specific Object To Be ...
Process
Process. This Term, In Its Original Sense, Comprehends The Whole Of The Proceedings Which Take Place, And Are Recorded By The Court, In The Course Of A Suit, Criminal Or Civil, Previous To Final Judg Ment. In This Sense The Word (processus, Prods) Is Used In The French And Scotch ...
Proclamation
Proclamation. By The Constitution Of England, The Crown Possesses The Exclusive Prerogative Of Issuing Proclamations ; For Although This Authority Is Exercised By The Lord Mayor In The City Of London, And By The Heads Of Some Other Corporations In Other Cities, For Certain Limited Purposes, It Is Always Founded ...
Proctor
Proctor, Derived From The Civil Law Term "procurator "one That Seeth After Another Man's Affairs. It Is The Designation Of Those Who In The Ecclesiastical And Admiralty Courts (where The Forms Of The Civil Law Prevail), Conduct The Business Of Their Clients As Attorneys And Solicitors Do In The Courts ...
Profit
Profit, One Of The Three Parts Into Which All That Is Derived From The Soil By Labour And Capital Is Distributed, The Other Two Being Wages And Rent : From These Three Sources Arise All The Revenues Of The Com Munity. Profit Is Therefore The Surplus Which Remains To The ...
Prohibition
Prohibition, A Writ To Prohibit A Court And Parties To A Cause Then Depending Before It From Further Proceeding In The Cause. It Will Be Convenient To Define,-1, Out Of What Courts It Issues; 2, To What Courts It May Be Addressed ; 3, Under What Circumstances It Is Grantable ...
Projection Of Mathematical Diagrams
Projection Of Mathematical Diagrams. The Dia Grams By Which Mathematical Students (and Even Writers) Represent Their Solid Figures Aro Generally So Imperfect, That It May Be Worth While To Explain How, In All Cases Of Sufficient Importance, A Good Drawing May Be Made With Very Little Trouble. The Demonstration May ...