PRWCIPA.TO ULTRA, a province in the kingdom of the Two Sicilia, is bounded N. by the provinces of Sannio and Capitansta, from which it is divided by the central ridge of the Apennines; E. by Capitanata ; S. by Basilicata and Principato Citra; and W. by Terra di Lenore. The province of Principato Ultra lies almost entirely in the Apennine*, and between the western lower ridge of those moun tains, including Monte Taburno, Tifsta, and Monteforte, which divides the basin of the river Calore, an affluent of the Volturno, from the plains of Campania, and the ceutral ridge. which forms the watershed between the streams that flow into the Mediterranean and into the Adriatic. The Calera and its affluents' the Tamaro and Sabbato are the principal rivers of the province. A small part of Principato Ultra however extends along the eastern slope of the central ridge, when? the river Ofanto (Aufidus) has its source in the neighbourhood of Conz.a and Noma. The area of the province is 1407 square miles. The population in 1851 amounted to 383,414. The province is divided into 3 districts and 132 communes.
The temperature is considerably lower than that of Campania; in some of the valleys however the summer beats are occasionally very great. Some places in the valley of the Calera are subject to the malaria in consequence of stagnant waters. The country produces
corn, fruits in abundance, silk, some wine, and has excellent pasturage for math. There are Iron-foundries and paper-mille at Atripaldi, on the Sabbato, near Avellino. Some woollen manufactures are carried on in the principal towns. There are beds of lignite near Montefusco. Benevento and its territory, although geographically included within the boundaries of Principe.° Ultra, is a dependency of the Holy See. [Bemcvaa-ro.] The principal towns of the province are--Avulaso ; ARIANO; Montesarchio, a walled town with 6000 inhabitants; lonte Fusco, an episcopal town, with a population of 3000; and Sant' Angelo dei Lombardi, population about 6000.
The province of Prinoipato Ultra occupies the country of the ancient Hirpini, one of the nations of the Samnite confederation. The celebrated pass called Furcula3 Caudinte, where the Samnitas compelled the Roman army to pass under the yoke ; and the lakes of Amsanctus, still called Amsanto and Leellofete, and still emitting destructive gases as in the days of Virgil, are in this province. The lakes are about four miles from the village of Frigento.