Prometheus
Prometheus (11paauest;s). The Story Of Prometheus Takes Dif Ferent Forms In The Greek Legends, But They Agree Generally In Repre Senting The Close Connection Between Him And The Human Race. Ile Is Represented By Ieschylus As One Of The Titans, Who Incurred The Resentment Of Zeus For Taking The Part ...
Promulgation
Promulgation. Promulgation Is From The Latin Promulgo, Which Is Equivalent To Provulgo, And Means "to Make Public." Black Stone Observes Of The Promulgation Of A Law, "it May Be Notified By Universal Tradition And Long Practice, Which Supposes A Previous Publi Cation, And Is The Case Of The Common Law ...
Pronouns
Pronouns, The Name Given By Grammarians To Certain Words Which Are Used As Substitutes For The Names Of Persons And Things. Pronouns Properly So Called Are Commonly Divided Into Personal, Demonstrative, Relative, And Interrogative Pronouns ; But It Appears Probable That All Pronouns, At Least With The Exception Of The ...
Prooression
Prooression. A Series Of Numbers Following Any Law Should Be Called A Progression, But The Word Is Usually Restricted To Two Sorts Of Progreesion, Which Are Called, But By No Means Correctly, Arithmetical And Geometrical : The Analogies Pointed Out In Rsoresote Give The Origin Of These Terms. An Arithmetical ...
Propeller
Propeller. In Works Upon The Construction Of Machinery The Word Propeller Is Used To Indicate The Arrangement Bi• Means Of Which Motion Is Given To A Carriage Bearing A Portion Of T Le Working Gear Required To Traverse Regularly Iu A Horizontal Direction ; Or To Indicate A Peculiar Mechanism, ...
Proper Names
Names, Proper, Are Words By Which Single Objects Are Denoted, As Countries, Rivers, Towns, Men, &c. But When We Speak Of Proper Names, We Mean, More Usually, The Names Of Men ; And On This Subject, To Which Little Attention Has Hitherto Been Paid, And Especially Such Proper Names As ...
Properties Ok Sugar
Sugar, Properties Ok Sugar Is A Proximate Principle, Chiefly Of Vegetables, But Also Sparingly Of Animals Of The Class Mani Melia. It Presents Considerable Varieties, According To The Source Whence It Is Obtained, And Is Distinguished Into Those Which Are Ble Of Undergoing The Vinous Fermentation, And Into These Which ...
Property
Property Is Derived, Probably Through The French Language, From The Latin Word Propriehis, Which Is Used By Gains (ii. 89) As Equivalent To Ownership (dominiutn), And Is Opposed To Posscssio. Pos Szastosj The Etymology Of The Word Propridas (propriva) Suggests The Notion Of A Thing Being A Man's Own, Which ...
Prophecy
Prophecy (spoorela, A Foretelling, Or The Power Of Foretelling) In Its Popular Acceptation Is A Foretelling, Or A Thing Foretold. In Classical Greek, Prophetes (rpos*rns) Corresponds With The Latin Rates, Which Indeed May Be Regarded As The Same Word Without The Pre Position. In The Old Testament, The Hebrew Nenualt, ...
Propionyl
Propionyl The Radical Assumed To Exist In A Number Of Organic Compounds Collectively Known As The Propienie Group, And Of Which The Chief Member Is Propionic Acid: The Name Is Derived From Rparros, First, And %law, Fat, Because Propionic Acid Is The First In The Series Of Fatty Acids, Which ...
Proportion
Proportion. There Must Be In The Mind Of Every Person, 'antecedently To All Mathematical Instruction, A Perfect Conception Of Proportion, Though Not Perhaps Of The Manner Of Measuring Magnitnder With A View To Express Their Proportions By Means Of Numbers. All Who Can Trace The Resemblance Of A Drawing To ...
Proportional Logarithms
Proportional Logarithms, Also Called Logistic Logarithms. [tames.) Suppose It Frequently Required To Calculate The Fourth Term Of A Proportion Of Which The First Term Is One Given Quantity, Say A : That Is, Required A Fourth Proportional To A, P, And Q. Common Logarithmic Calculation Here Requires Three Inspections Of ...
Propyl
Propyl Sometimes Called Trityl—from Tpltos, Third—is The Third Organic Radical In The Aeries It Is The Assumed Root Of The Members Of The Propylic, Or Tritylic, Group Of Organic Com Pounds. The Following Are The Only Members Of The Propylic Group At Present Known. Propylene Tritylene. This Gas Is One ...
Propylaeum
Propylaeum (rpor6aaior : The Great Entrance To The Acropolis Of Athens Was Called Wpondaam,in The Plural Number; Thucydides, Ii. 13), Algnifying Literally A Fore-portal Or One Detached From And Placed In Advance Of The Building To Which It Gave Access, Is Used As A Distinctive Term For The Structures Through ...
Protection Acts
Protection Acts. The Object Of These Statutes Is To Enable A Debtor In Insolvent Circumstances To Avert Or Forestall The Impending Danger Of Imprisonment; For Any Person Not A Trader Within The Bankrupt Acts, Or Who, Being A Trader, Owes Less Than 300/., Whether In Prison Or Not, May Apply ...
Protein
Protein, A Substance Obtained By Mulder From Albumen, Casein, Horn, And Animal And Vegetable Fibrin. When Any One Of These Is Dis Solved In A Solution Of Potash, And The Filtered Solution Is Mixed With A Slight Excess Of Acid, A Copious Grayish-white, Flocculent Precipitate Is Formed, And A Slight ...
Protestant
Protestant, A General Term Comprehending All Those Who, Pro Fessing Christianity, Yet Are Not In The Communion Of The General Church Or Confederacy Of Christians Of Which The Pope Is The Head And The City Of Rome The Centre Or Capital. There Is Great Variety Of Opinion Among Persons Thus ...
Proverb
Proverb (from The Latin Proverbium, That Is, Pro-rerburn, In Which Respect The Form Of The Word Bears Analogy To Praludium, Aii4 Other Words Of The Kind), A By-word, Which Meaning Is Also Conveyed By Adegings." Adage," And The Greek Pareemia (trapoght). Of The Many Definitions Which Have Been Given Of ...
Providence
Provide.nce Is The Superintending Care With Which God Watches Over His Whole Creation, And Especially Over The Human Race. It Has Been Generally Held, As A Direct Consequence Of The Existence Of A God Who Has Created All Things, That Be Must Also Uphold By His Constant Care Everything Which ...
Provincia
Provi'ncia May Be Defined Generally To Be A Conquered Country, Beyond The Limits Of Italy, Which Was Subject To The Roman State. In Contemplating The History Of Rome, The Most Instructive Part Of It, Next To A Study Of The Internal Organisation Of The State, Is The System Of Provincial ...
Provincialism
Provincialism. The Difference Between The Languages Of A Family And The Dialects Of A Language Is Only A Difference Of Degree. For Example, The Sanscrit, Persian, Teutonic, Greek And Latin, Slavonic, And Celtic, Are Languages Of The Indo-teutonic Family [lagnenuel; And The Doric, Ionic, And Ieolio Are Dialects Of The ...
Provinz Eifel
Provinz ; Eifel.] The Chief Town, Trier, Is Described In A Separate Article. [trier.] Among The Other Towns Are—merzig, S. Of Treves, On The Saar, Popu Lation 4000; Ottweiler, S.e. Of Treves, Near The Bavarian Frontier, Population 2500; P [eifel]. Saarbrack, Or Sarrebruck, Is Situated On The Navigable River Saar, ...
Prurigo
Prurigo Is A Disease Of The Skin Characterised By An Eruption Of Small Pimples And A Most Intense Burning Sensation Of Itching. The Pimples Are Usually But Slightly If At All Red, And The Skin Between Them Has Its Natural Colour. They Are Generally Seated About The Shoulders, Back, And ...
Prussia
Prussia, Properly So Called, Formerly Designated By The Name Of The Kingdom Of Prussia, And Afterwards Divided Into The Two Provinces Of East And West Prussia, Is Situated Between 52° 54' And 55' 53' N. Lat., 10'42' And 22' 45' E. Long. It Is Bounded N. By The Baltic, E. ...
Prussia
Prussia, A Kingdom In The North Of Europe, Consists Of Two Great Divisions, Which Are Unconnected With One Another. The Western And Smaller Portion, Comprising Rhenish Prussia And Westphalia, Is Situated On Both Sides Of The Lower Rhine Between 49° And 52* 15' N. Lat., 6° And 9° 30' E. ...
Prussic Acid
Prussic Acid, Medical Properties Of. This Is Termed Also, From Its Chemical Composition, Hydrocyanic Acid. Its Medical Employment, And Its Connection With Medical Jurisprudence, From The Frequent Use Of It In Cases Of Death, Accidental Or Intentional, Merit The Most Atten Tive Consideration. But These Are Unsuited For Popular Discussion. ...
Prwcipato Ultra
Prwcipa.to Ultra, A Province In The Kingdom Of The Two Sicilia, Is Bounded N. By The Provinces Of Sannio And Capitansta, From Which It Is Divided By The Central Ridge Of The Apennines; E. By Capitanata ; S. By Basilicata And Principato Citra; And W. By Terra Di Lenore. The ...
Prysograda
Prysograda. Natatory Organ Simple And Lamellar. 1. Physalia. Generic Charactcr.—body Oval, Rather Elongated, More Narrow And Proboecidiform Anteriorly, Hydatiform In The Middle, Attenuated And Obtuse Posteriorly ; Mouth Star-shaped And Terminal ; Anus Lateral ; A Foot In Form Of A Crest Or Oblique Lamina, Directed From Before Backwards; Brenehite ...
Psal3is
Psal3is (+easel, From *cfastoo, To Strike Trolly, And So, To Play On Ts Stringed Instrument) Denote Generally The Lioems Which Form One Of The Canonical Books Of The Old Ttstatneut. This Book Is Called In Hebrew --mp (sepiter Tellillim), The Book Of Praises.' Except In Thirty-four Cases, The Psalms Have ...
Psalmody
Psalmody, In Its Widest Sense, Eignifies The Psalms Of David Set To Music And Sung. But From The Early Part Of The 16th Century The Term Has Been Applied Only To Metrical Versions Of The L'salms To Which Short Grave Airs Are Either Set Or Adapted. The Practice Of Psalm-singing ...
Pskow
Pskow, A Government Of Rani; Situated Between And 58° N. Let., 27° 20' And 32° 5' E. Long., Is Bounded N. By Lake Pakow, And The Government Of St. Petersburg, E. By Novogorod And Twer, S. By Smolensk, And W. By Witepek 'and Livonia. The Area Is 17,120 Square Miles. ...
Psoriasis
Psoriasis Is A Disease Of The Skin Distinguished By Slightly Raised Red Patches Of Various Extent And Form, And Generally Covered With Whitish Scales. Several Varieties Of The Disease Have Received Different Names, According To The Form And Severity Of The Eruption In Each, And Many Others, According To The ...
Psyche
Psyche (teici). Apuleius Is The First Writer Who Relates The Loves Of Cupid (eros) And Psyche ('metamorph.', Lib. Iv., V.). According To His Account, Psyche, The Daughter Of A King, Was The Most Lovely Creature That The World Ever Beheld. People Flocked From All Parts To See Her, And Neglected ...
Ptetro Berrettpni Cortona
Corto'na, Pte'tro Berrettpni, Called Piero Da Cortona, Was Born On November 1, 1596, At Cortona. His First Master Was Antonio Commodi, But He Afterwards Studied Under Ciarpi At Rome. Being Employed By A Gilder To Make Some Little Figures, His Skill Attracted The Notice Of The Marquis Of Sacchetti„ Who ...
Ptolemaic System
Ptolemaic System. A Few Words Of General Explanation Constitute All That Can Be Given Under This Head, And We Are Not Now Speaking With Particular Reference To Ptolemy, But Of The Astro Nomical Part Of That System Which, Founded On Early Metaphysical And Physical Doctrines, Adopted By Plato And Aristotle, ...
Puberty
Puberty (pubertas), The Age At Which The Period Of Boyhood Or Girlhood Ends, And That Of Adolescence Begins. [aoz.] The Word Is Derived From Pubes, Which In Its Primary Signification Means The Down Or Soft Hair That Generally Begins To Grow On Young People About That Time. Puberty Appears At ...
Public Records
Records, Public. Authentic Memorials Of All Kinds, As Well Public As Private, May Be Considered In One Sense As Records. Thus The Metopes Of The Parthenon Are Indisputable Records Of Grecian Art ; The Journal Stamp On A Letter Is A Record That It Has Passed Through The Post-offico ; ...
Publicani
Publica'ni. The Publicani Were A Body Of Persons In The Boman State Who Farmed The Public Revenues (vcctigalia), From Which Circum Stance Apparently Their Name Is Derived. (" I'ublicaoi Autem Dicuntur Qul Publics Vectigalia Habent Conducta,” 'dig./ 39, Tit. 4, S. 12.) They Were Numerous As Early As The 6th ...
Publics Licinius Gallienus
Gallie'nus, Publics Licinius, Eon Of The Emperor Vale Rianus, Was Made Caner And Colleague To His Father A.d. 253. In A Great Battle Near Milan Ho Defeated The Alemanni And Other Northern Tribes Which Had Made An Irruption Into North Italy, And Gave Evidence Of His Personal Bravery And Abilities. ...
Puerperal Diseases
Puerperal Diseases. Under This Term Are Included All Those Diseases Which Arise Out Of The State Of Pregnancy : They Are Not, However, As The Name Would Seem To Imply, Peculiar To This Condition, But Incidental Only ; And They Are So Far Modified By It As To Require Some ...
Pular Pole
Pole, Pular. The Word Woacor As Applied To A Point Means A Turning Or Hinge Point, And Was Applied To The Points At The Extremity Of The Axis Of The Celestial Sphere In The Ancient Astronomy. Hence, On The Hypothesis Of The Earth's Rotation, It Comes To Mean The Extremities ...
Pulley
Pulley. A Machine Used In The Arta For The Purpose Of Trans Mitting Power, Which Consists Of A Case With One Or More Openings, In Which A Similar Number Of Sheaves Revolve Upon An Axle ; The Case Or Block Is Surrounded In The Direction Of Its Length By A ...
Pulpit
Pulpit. This Term Affords A Striking Instance Of The Great Change Of Meaning And Application Which Words Frequently Undergo, For, Exclusively Of The Latin Termination, It Is Identical With Pulpitum, Which Signified That Part Of The Roman Stage (distinguished From The Orchestra) On Which The Actors Recited And Performed Their ...
Pump
Pump. A Machine Used In The Arts, And In The Ordinary Business Of Life, For The Purpose Of Raising Water From A Lower To A Higher Level ; Or For The Purpose Of Forcing It Through Pipes To Be Distributed As May Be Required. Pumps Are Occasionally Used In Similar ...
Pun
Pun. A Pun Has Been Defined By Addison (` Spectator,' No. 61) To Be "a Conceit Arising From The Use Of Two Words That Agree In The Sound But Differ In The Sense." Sometimes, However, The Pun Is Effected By The Employment Of Only One Word, Which Is Susceptible Of ...
Punctuation
Punctuation Hi The Art Of Dividing Written Or Printed Coin Pnaition Into Sentences And Clauses, By Points Or Stole, So As To Indicate The Closer Or More Remote Connection Of The Several Parts. It Serves To Eluchlate The Sense, And Thus Also Assists The Delivery, Since The Latter Must Have ...
Punishment
Punishment. The Verb To Punish (whence The Noun Substan Tive Punishment) Is Formed From The French Pttnir, Derived From The Latin Punire, Anciently Poenire, Which Is Connected With Poena And The Greek Sob's. Poine Signified A Pecuniary Satisfaction For An Offence, Similar To The Trehrgeld Of The German Codes : ...
Pure Tannin
Tannin, Pure, Or Tannic Acid, Medical Properties Of. This Substance In Combination With Extractive Has Been Long Known Under The Name Of Tannin, And Recognised As The Active Principle In Almost All Astringent Vegetables. [astringents.] As Many Of These Are Powerful In Restraining Excessive Discharges, Whether Bloody Or Otherwise, It ...
Purgatory
Purgatory (` A Place Of Expiation,' From The Latin Verb Purgare, To Cleanse') Is The Name Given By Roman Catholics To Au Intermediate State Of Souls After Death, And Before The Final Judgment, During Which They Are Supposed To Expiate By Certain Punishments The Guilt Which They Have Incurred Through ...
Purveyance
Purveyance (pwrreance, A Providing), A Prerogative Formerly Enjoyed By The King Through The Means Of Officers Milled Purveyors, Of Purchasing Provisions And Other Necessaries For The Use Of The Royal Household, And Of Employing Horses And Carriages In His Service, In _preference To All Other Persons, And Without The Consent ...
Putty Powder
Putty Powder Is A Pulverised Oxide Of Tin, Or Of Tin And Lead, Used In Polishing. The Metals Arc Exposed To Heat And To The Admission Of Air In A Furnace, Or Muffle Of Peculiar Form ; And The Oxide Is Taken Out In Pampa About As Hard As Marble. ...
Puy De Dome
Puy-de-dome, A Department In France, Lies Between 45' 18' And 46* 16' N. Let, 2° 27' And 3° 57' E. Long.; And Is Bouuded N. By The Department Of Allier, E. By That Of Loire, S. By Those Of Haute-loire And Canted, And W. By Those Of Creuse And Correze. ...
Pyramid
Pyramid, The Term Applied To Elevated Mounds Of Stone Or Brick Work Of The Geometrical. Shape Of That Name, The Most Remarkable Of Which Are Those In The Plain Of Gizeb, Which Were Considered One Of The Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World. The Origin Of The Name Is Involved ...
Pyrenees
Pyrenees (the Pyrenrei Mentes Of Julius Caster And The Pyrdnd Of Strabo And Lucan), A Range Of Mountains Extending From The Mediterranean Sea To The Bay Of Biscay, And Constituting A Natural Barrier Between France And Spain. The Etymology Of The Name Is Uncertain. An Offset Which Runs In A ...
Pyrenees Orientales
Pyrenees-orientales, A Department In The South Of France, Lies Between 42° 20' And 42° 55' N. Let., 1° 44' And 3° 10' E. Long. From East To West Its Greatest Length Is 75 Miles; From North To South, 35 Miles. The Area Is 1591'4 Square Miles. The Population Iu 1841 ...