Royal Sappers And Miners
Sappers And Miners, Royal, Formerly The Name Given To The Non-commissioned Officers And Privates Of The Corps Of Royal Engineers. The Men And Officers Are Now Collectively Termed The Lloyal Engineers, But In Specifying Any Individual Private He Is Termed Sapper— Of The — Company Of Royal Engineers. They Are ...
Royal Society
Royal Society (of London), Consists Of A Number Of Persons Associated Together For The Purpose Of Promoting Mathematical And Physical Science. At Its Formation The More Particular Object Of The Members Was To Assist Each Other In Extending Their Knowledge Of Natural And Experimental Philosophy. Philosophical Societies For The Cultivation ...
Royalty
Royalty. The French Words Re/ And Royal Correspond To The Latin Words Sex And Regalia ; And From Royal Has Been Formed Rayalt6 (now Royaute); Whence Has Been Borrowed The English Word Royalty. The Corresponding Latin Word Is Regalitas, Which Occurs In The Latin Of The Middle Ages. (ducange, In ...
Rs Matches Congreves Luc1ff
Matches; Congreves; Luc1ff,rs. The Manufacture Of These Humble And Cheap Articles Marks A Curious Stage In The Progress Of Civilisation, Where Luxuries Become Conveniences, End Then Necessariea. The Friction Of Two Pieces Of Dry Wood We Now Regard As A Barbarous Mode Of Procuring Light; Yet It Is A Scientific ...
Rubeola
Rubeola Is The Namegiven 'by Sauvages, In 1768, To The Disease Known As Measles [meastss]. He Was Followed By Wiliam, Bateman, And Other Writers On Exanthcmatous Diseases. Previous To The Time Of Sauvages The Measles Was Called Morbilli, A Name Which Is At Present Adopted By Many Medical Writers. The ...
Rudolphine Tables
Rudolphine Tables. [kerl.sm, In Bross Div.] Rue (rita Grareolea.), A Plant, Native Of The South Of Europe, Intermediate Between A Herb And A Shrub, Of A Peculiar' Yellowish Green Colour. Every Part Of It Is Marked By Transparent Dote, Filled With Volatile Oil. The Leaves And Immature Fruits Are Officinal. ...
Rugby
Rugby, Warwickshire, A Marketetown And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Rugby, Is Situated On An Eminence Near The Left Bank Of The River Avon, In 52° 22' N. 1st, 1° 15' W. Long., Distant 16 Miles N.e. By E. From Warwick, 83 Miles N.w. From ...
Rugeley
Rugeley. Itucien, An In The Baltic Belonging To Prussia, Is Included In The Government Of Stralsund And Province Of Pomerania. It Has An Area Of 388 Square Miles And A Population Of About 35,000. It Is Separated From The Continent By A Strait • Mile Broad. Its Sides Are Deeply ...
Rugnaventura Cavalier
Cavalier!, Rugnaventura, Was Born At Milan In 1593, And Entered Into The Order Of Jesuits At An Early Age. Lie Was Afterwards Professor At Bologna, And Died There December 3, 1617. He Was A Pupil Of Galileo, According To The Of His Friend Riccioli, Who Prefeeess Himself Much Indebted To ...
Rule Rule Of Three
Rule Of Three. [three, Rule Or.] Rule (in Law) Is An Order Of One Of The Three Superior Courts Of Common Law. Rules Are Either General Or Particular. General Rules Are Such Orders Relating To Matters Of Practice As Are Laid Down And Promulgated By The Court For The General ...
Rule Of Three
Three, Rule Of, The Technical Name Of The Rule In Arithmetic By Which, Three Quantities Being Given, The First And Second Of One Kind, A Fourth Is Found Such That The Four Are In Proportion, Or That The First Is The Same Multiple Part, Or Parts, Of The Second, Which ...
Ruler Rule
Rule, Ruler. In A Mechanical Sense These Words Are Both Used For A Straight Piece Of Wood, Brass, Or Ivory, From Which A Straight Line Is Drawn On Paper By Guiding A Pen Or Pencil Along The Edge. These Rules Or Rulers Are Convenient For The Laying Down Of Scales, ...
Runcorn
Runcorn, Cheshire, A Market-town, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Runcorn, Is Situated On The Left Bank Of The River Mersey, Near Its Junction With The Weaver, In 53° 20' N. Lat., 2' 44' W. Long., Distant 17 Mike N.n.e. From Cheater, 187 Miles N.w. ...
Runes
Runes, The Letters Of Alphabets In Use Amongst The Ancient Gothic Or Teutonic Nations Of The North Of Europe. The Word Lae Been Derived Variously From Rye, The Gothic For " To Cut ;" Sin, Or Rep," A Furrow," Or "channel," From The Resemblance Of The Letters To Thole( Objects ...
Rural Economy
Rural Economy. The Whole Subject Of Agriculture, With All Its Details, Might Properly Be Discussed Under This Heading : Most Of It Is, However, Referred To Piecemeal In The Various Agri Cultural Articles Which Will Be Found Throughout The Cycloptedia, And It Remains Here To Do Little More Than Enumerate ...
Rush Rushes
Rush; Rushes. This Material, Which Is Used To Some Small Extent In The Arts, Is The Equisetion Ayemale. The Stem Is Very Rough, With From Fourteen To Twenty Slender Furrows. It Is A Native Of England, Scotland, And Ireland, As Well As The Continent Of Europe ; But Is Almost ...
Rushes
Rushes Are Well-known Plants Which Appear In All Soils, Especially Those Which Are Fertile, When The Water Which Cannot Be Evaporated Remains In A Stagnant State Under The Surface. They Are Most Common On Moist Meadows With A Retentive Subsoil ; And As They Not Only Occupy A Space Which ...
Russia
Russia. The Russian Empire Extends Over The North-eastern Par Of Europe, Over The Whole Of Northern Asia, And The Northevesten Coast Of North America. It Consists Of Iluwein-iu-europe, Properly A Called, In Which Term Poland And Finland Also Are Comprised ; Th Caucasian Territories, Which Comprise The Countries Between The ...
Rustic Or Rusticated Work
Rustic Or Rusticated Work, In Architecture, A Species Of Decoration For Walls, Wherein The Joints-between The Courses, And Between The Separate Stoned In Each Course, Are Strongly Defined By Sunk Channels Or Grooves. Although An Imitation Of What Would In Itself Be Offensive, And Therefore At First Apparently Quite At ...
Ruthenium
Ruthenium (ru). This Metal Was Shown To Exist In Platinum Ores By Clauss In 1845. According To Deville And Debray, Who Have Specially Studied The Metals Associated With Platinum, Ruthenium May Be Prepared From The Native Osmido By Mixing It, Iu Fine Powder, With Three Parts Of Binoxide Of Barium ...
Ruthin
Ruthin, Denbighshire, A Market-town, Municipal And Parlia Mentary Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, Is Situated In 53° 7' N. Hit., 3° 18' W. Long., Distant 8 Milea S.e. From Denbigh, And 105 Miles N.w. By W. From London. The Population Of The Parlia Mentary Borough Of Ruthin ...
Rutilin
Rutilin. [sastessin Garaer.1 Ituti Nw Acid. A Crystalline Acid Contained In The Stems And Leaves Of Rne. It Is Insoluble In Cold Water And Ether, But Readily Dissolves Io Boiling Water Or Alcohol. When An Alcoholic Solu Tion Of Chloride Of Calcium Is Added To An Alcoholic Solution Of Rutinic ...
Rutlandshire
Rutlandshire, An Inlaud County Of England, Is Bounded N. And N.e. By Lincolnshire, S.e. And S. By Northamptonshire, And W. By Leicestershire ; And Lies Between 51° 31' And 52° 46' N. Lat., 0° 23' And 0° 49' W. Long. Its Greatest Length From North-ea.st To South-west Is Nearly 20 ...
Rybi Nsk
Rybi Nsk. [yr Nost_tv.] Itv1w., Isle Of Wight, Hampahlre, A Watering Place In The Pariah Of Newehurch, Is Situated On The Uortheast Shore Of The Isle Of Wight, Splthead, In 50' 43'n. Lat., 10' W. Long., Distant By It From Newport, And 75 Miles S.w. By S. From London. The ...
Rye Grass
Rye-grass, Sometimes Called Ray-grass, Is One Of The Most Com Mon Of The Artificial Grasses; It Is Of The Family Of The &minas Of The Genus Miura. There Are Several Varieties, Some Annual And Others Perennial, Some Producing A Strong Juicy Grass, And Others A Small Diminutive Plant. These Varieties ...
Ryots
Ryots, The Name By Which The Cultivators Of The Soil In Hindustan Arc Designated. The Ryots Pay Rent Out Of The Produce Of Their Land To A Sovereign Proprietor, And, So Long As They Pay The Rent Demanded Of Them, Have A Claim To The Continued Occupation Of The Land. ...
S Mijzarab
S. Mijzarab, That Is, A Christian Living Under The Sway Of The Arabs. Various Etymologies Have Been Assigned To This Word, But The Real Derivation Of The Word Muzarab Is The Arabic Mustarab, Afterwards Corrupted Into Map:crab, Which Means A Man Who Tries To Imitate The Arabs, Or To Become ...
Sa Infoin
Sa Infoin, Ogo6rychis Seam, Is A Plant Of The Family Of The Leyte Itaisoarr, , Which Grows Luxuriantly And Spontaneously On The Calcareous Soils Of The Middle And South Of Europe. It Has Been In Regular Culti Vation For Upwards Of Two Centuries For 'tho Purpose Of Supplying Fodder For ...
Sa Rcocele
Sa Rcocele Wein Ocipt, Flesh, And Trialoa A Tumour) Is The Name Of A Disease By Which The Testi Je Becomes Altered From Its Natural Structure And Converted Into A Hard Lesh-like Substance. The Term However Is Of Such General Import, Tb T` Ere Are Few Diseases Of The Testicle ...
Saba1sm
Saba1sm Was The Name Given To A Religious System Which Anciently Prevailed To A Great Extent In Arabia And 3lesopotamia. Sabaism Is Frequently Coufounded With The &abaci, And Is Sometimes Described As The Religion Of The Latter People ; But The Two Words Are Quite Distinct, And Are Writteu Differently ...
Sabbath
Sabbath. The Narrative In The Book Of Genesis Of The Creation Of The World In Six Days Is Followed By These Words: And On The Seventh Day God Ended His Work Which Lie Had Made; And He Rusted On The Seventh Day From All His Work Which Ho Had Made. ...
Sacchari3iftry
Sacchari3iftry. A Generic Term For Certain Operations Under Taken With The View Of Ascertaining The Quantity Of Sugar Present In Any Matter That May Contain It. Sacchasimetry Is Frequently Performed Upon Solutions Which Are Known To Contain Cane (ordinary) Sugar Only, The Object Being Merely To Ascertain The Amount Present. ...
Sacer Morbus
Sacer Morbus (lepat Woos), A Term Applied Apparently By Tho Ancients To More Than One Disease, As Athentous (' Deipnosoph., Lib. Vii. § 33, P. 289) Speaks Of Tat Lepas Uaxovaivas ?damn, And Heraclitus Is Said By Diogenes Laertius ("do Vit. Philosoph.,' Lib. Ix., Cap. I., § 6 And 7) ...
Sacramento City
Sacramento City, The Capital Of Sacramento County, State Of California, United States Of North America, Is Situated Ou The Left Bank Of Sacramento River, At The Confluence Of American Fork, In 38° 34' N. Lat., 121° 40' W. Long., About 150 Miles N.e. From San Francisco. The City Was Founded ...
Sacraments
Sacraments And Transubstantiation. The Christian Sacraments Are Not Merely Certain High Forms, But The Highest Acts Of Church Membership. For The Christian Church Being But The Outward Visible Representation Of The Internal Fellowship Of The Faithful With Christ, And With One Another; This Twofold Element Of The Church Is Most ...
Sacrilege
Sacrilege Is "the Felonious Taking Of Any Goods Out Of Any Parish-church Or Other Church Or Chapel." By The Common Law It Was A Capital Offence, Though The Offender Kt= To Have Been Entitled To The Benefit Of Clergy At The Discretion Of The Ordinary. But Even If It Were ...
Sadducees
Sadducees (zadacnocaiot), One Of The Four Jewish Sects At The Time Of Christ. The Rabbinical Tradition Makes Them The Followers Of Sadoc, A Disciple Of Antigonus Sochos. They Denied The Existence Of Any Spiritual Beings Except God, And Believed That The Soul Died With The Body, And Therefore That There ...
Safety Lamp
Lamp, Safety. It Has Long Been Known That Coal-mines, And Especially Such As Are Deep, Are Occasionally Infested With Carburetted Hydrogen, A Gaseous Product, Which, On Account Of Its Combustible Property Is Called Fire-damp ; The Word Being The Equivalent Of The German Dampf, A Vapour Or Exhalation. Several Contrivances ...
Saffron
Saffron Consists Of The Dried Stigmas Of The Crocus Satirus, A Plant Native Of Greece And Asia Minor, But Extensively Cultivated In Austria, France, Spain, And Also Formerly In England. The Sicilian Saffron L9 Said To Be The Produce Of The Crocus Odorus, But Both In Ancient And Modern Times ...
Saffron Walden
Saffron Walden, Essex, A Market-town, Municipal Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, Is Situated Near The Right Bank Of The River Cam, In 52' 1' N. Lat., V 14' E. Long., Distant 22 Miles N.n.w. From Chelmsford, And 42 Miles N.n.e. From London By Road. The Population Of ...
Sago
Sago, A Word Signifying, In The Language Of The Palmas, Trend, Since It Constitutes The Staple Article Of Food Of The Inhabitants Of The Eastern Archipelago And Other Parts Where The Plants Which Yield It Grow. It Is Not A Seed, As Sometimes Supposed, But The Farina From The Stem ...
Sahra Sahara
Sahara, Sahra, Or The Great Desert, Is A Country Of Immense Extent, Which Occupies The Central Parts Of Northern Africa. Its Western Extremity Is Washed By The Atlantic, Along Which It Exteuds From Cape Nun, 28° 46' N. Lat., To The Mouth Of The River Senegal, 17° N. Lat. From ...
Sail
Sail, A Quantity Of Canvas Attached To The Yards Or Stays Of A Boat Or Ship In Order To Receive The Impulse Of The Wind, And Thus Give Motion To The Vessel. The Depth Of A Sail Is Capable Of Being Diminished At Pleasure, According To The Force Of The ...
Sailings Or The Sailings
Sailings; Or The Sailings. The Various Modes;in Which The Calculations Of A Ships True Course Are Conducted, Have Already, Under The ; Head Recgoeleus .vv Sea, Been Referred To Individually, As Forming Part Of A Seamen's " Day's Work," Or Dead Reckoning As It Is Called ; Distinctive Of Such ...
Saint
Saint, Derived Front The Latin " Sanetus," Through The French " Mina," Properly Signifies A Holy Or Pious Person, And Is So Used In The Christian Church. From The Commencement Of The Christian Religion. Greet Veneration Was Always Shown To Persons Remarkable For Their ,holiness Or Piety, And Their Memory ...
Saint Dominic
Dominic, Saint. Domingo De Guzman, Founder Of The Order Of Dominicans, Was Born In 1170 At Calahorra, In Castilla La Vieja, Spain. Lie Completed His Education At The University Of Palontin; Inn 1193 Was Made Canon Of The Cathedral Of Gana; And In 1198 S Priest And Archdeacon. He Subsequently ...
Saint Epiphanilts
Epipha'nilts, Saint, A Christian Bishop And Author, Of The 4th Century, Was Born Of Jewish Parents At A Village Called Besanducan, Near Eleutheropolis, In Palestine. He Spent His Youth Under The Discipline Of The Gnostics In Egypt, Where He Acquired A Great Fond Ness For Tho Monkish Asceticism Then So ...
Saint Francis
Francis, Saint, The Founder Of One Of The Four Orders Of Mendicant Friars, Called Franciscan's, Was Born At Assisi, In Umbria, In 1182. Ile Was The Son Of Pater Do Bernardino, A Wealthy Merchant, And His Mother's Name Was Pica. His Mother Christened Him John, But His Father, Who Was ...
Saint Hilarius
Hila'rius, Saint, Was Born At Poitiers, Of Which Place He Was Afterwards Made Bishop About 350. He Is Distinguished In Occlesiais Tied History By The Active Part Which Ho Took Against The Arians During The Reign Of Constantims. Ile Was Banished By This Emperor To Phrygia, Shortly After He Had ...
Saint Hilarius_2
Hila'rius, Saint, Was Born In 401, And Became Bishop Of Arelate (arles) In 429, On The Death Of Honoratus, Who Had Been The Means Of Converting Him To Christianity. Hilariue Was Distinguished By The Holiness Of His Life And His Zeal For Monastic Institutions; But He Is More Known In ...
Saint Irenjeus
Irenjeus, Saint, Bishop Of Lyon In Gaul, Was A Pupil Of Poly Carp, In Asia Minor ' Adv. Her.' Iii. 3, § 4 ; Eusebins, 'hist. Eccl.' V. 20), And A Presbyter Of Pothinus, Bishop Of Lyon. He Carried A Letter From The Church Of Lyon To Eloutherus, Bishop Of ...
Saint Jerome
Jerome, Saint (eusenres Hieronymus Sopiironius), One Of The Fathers Of The Church, And Accounted The Most Learned Of All The Latin Fathers. Lie Was Well Acquainted With Both The Greek And Hebrew Languages. His Era Was From 840, About Which Time He Was Born, To 420, In Which Year He ...
Saint John
John, Saint, The Apostle And Evangelist. Among The Persona Who At The Commencement Of His Ministry Joined Them Selves To Our Saviour Were Two Brothers, Named James And John, The Sons Of Zebedee. They Were Both Admitted By Him Into The Number Of His 'i'welve Apostles, And John Was Throughout ...
Saint John_2
John, Saint, The Baptist, Son Of Zechariah, A Jewish Priest, And Elizabeth His Wife, Who Was • Near Relative Of Mary, The Mother Of Jesus Christ, Was Born To Them In Their Old Age. The Eacred Office Was Assigned To Him Of Being The Precursor Or Herald Of The Messiah. ...
Saint Jude
Jude, Saint'. The Epistle Of St. Jude, A Book Of The New Testa Ment, Was Probably Written By The Apostle Jude, Who Was Surnamed Lebbmus And Thaddreus (matt. X. 3; Mark Iii. 18; John Xix. 22). He Is Also Called The Brother Of James (luke Vi. 16; Acts I. 13), ...
Saint Lucian
Lucian, Saint, Presbyter Of Antioch, Is Said By Some Writers, But Without Sufficient Authority, To Have Been Born At Samosata; He Suffered Martyrdom During The Reign Of Diocletian, Ex. 312, And Was Buried At Helenopolis In Bithynia. He Is Frequently Mentioned By Ecclesiastical Writers As A Man Of Great Learning ...
Salamanca
Salamanca, A City Of Spain, Capital Of The Modern Province Of Salamanca, Which Is Included In The Ancient Province Of Leon. It Is Situated In 4p 5' N. Lat., 5' 43' W. Long., On The North Bank Of The Tormea, Which Is Hero Crossed By A Atone Bridge Resting On ...
Salamis
Sa'lamis, Now 1coltiri, Is A Small Island Adjacent To The Coast Of Attica. It Forms The Southern Boundary Of The Beautiful Bay Of Eleusis, And Is Only Separated From The Mainland, At The Eastern And Western Extremities Respectively, By A Narrow Winding Channel. The Bay Is Surrounded On The West, ...
Salep
Salep, Salop, Or Saloop, A Nutritious Article Of Diet, Much Valued In The 1: Last For Its Supposed General Stimulant Properties, But Which Is Justly Esteemed As Bland And Nutritious, And Well Suited To Children And Convalescents. Salep Consists Of The Tubers Of Different Species Of Oreliidetc, Which Have Been ...
Salerno
Salerno, An Archiepiscopal City In The Kingdom Of The Two Sicilies, Capital Of The Province Of Principato Citra, Is Finely Situated On The Seacoast, At The Head Of The Gulf Of Salerno, And Surrounded By A Beautiful Tract Of Country At The Southern Foot Of The Chain Of The Apennines, ...