The naval force consists of 4 sailing and 4 steam frigate., 4 corvettes, 3 brigantines, 1 brig, 6 war steamers, and several smaller vessels, carry ing In all 900 guns, and manned by 2960 men. besides officers. The stations of the royal navy are at Genoa, Vilhfrsacs, and In the island of Sardinia. The inervantil. navy numbers 3119 vessels, cerrying as aggregate of 154,552 tons, and 24,530 men, including captains, sailors, and workmen.
The public revenues of the state, as estimated in the budget of 1855, amounted to 123,182,561 francs; and the expenses to 137,663,212 francs. The national debt on the let of January 1851 amounted to 571,826,161 francs (22,873,0001.), which bas been increased during the present year (1855) by loan of 3,000,0001. sterling, guaranteed by the British government The revenue Is derived chiefly from land tax, customs and eachs duties, posteciflice, public works, kc.
The ecclesiastical administration of the continental state. is under the 4 arehbishops of Turin, ChambEry, Cocoa, and Vercelli ; sod 26 bishops, of Ileurienne, Tarantaise, Annecy, Aorta, Sipa, Pinerolo, Amu!, Alba, Asti, Cuneo, Feerano, Ivrea, Mundovi, Ssluzzo, Aleesan dria, Biella. Casale, Novara, Vigevano, Albengs, Nina, Bobbie, S irsana, Savona, Tortoise, and Ventimiglia. The number of parishes is 3756; that of collegiate churches, besides cathedrals, Is 74 ; and that of clerical seminaries, 54. There I. an ecedeliastical academy for the higher theological studies at Superga, near Turin. There are In all the continental states about 240 convents of monks awl 82 convents of nuns; by law passed by the Sardinian Chambers in May 1855, all religion. order+ are euppreaseal, with the exception of those employed in "preaching, teething, or tending the sick." The Valdenaee are the most numerous Protestant sett as yet In the Sardinian stater. They dwell chiefly in the valleys of PigaeroL Their clergy study at Geneva or Lausanne in Switzerland. They have churches In Genoa and Turin.
Public instruction hi afforded by the royal and communal colleges. In every province there are one or more royal colleges, In which grammar, rhetoric. and philosophy are taught ; and in some of them there are chain of law, medicine, and divinity. In most towns there is communal college, Weides grammar schools. Female education Is afforded almost exclusively in convents of nuns, of which there are forty-two thus engaged. Scientific Instruction l given in the two nni
vereitirm of Turin and Genes, In which cities there are academies of sciences and of the fine arts. (Genoa ; Toatzro.) There are a veteri nary school at La Veneria near Turin, a school of mineralogy at the mines of Meridiem in Tarantula, and a naval school at Genoa. Most comintmes have schools for boys.
The conoioentAl states of the king of Sardinia have several fine carrisge-roathi across the Alpe and Apennines, which Intersect their territory. The most remarkable are :-1, the great road of Mont Canis, leading from Chambery to Turin, constructed by Napoleon : 2, that of the Simplon, leading into Switzerland, likewise constructed under Napoleon; 3, the road from Genoa to Samna and Lucca along the Eastern Riviera ; 4, the road from Genoa to Novi by Sermvalle ; 5, the road Della Cornice, from Genoa to Nizza, along the Western Riviera, begun under Napoleon, and finished under king Charles Felix. There is a well regulated and cheap post-office system through out the Sardinian dominions, as well as diligences for travellers on all the high roads ; and public conveyances, called velociferi,' ou the provincial or cross roads. Under the late king. Carlo Alberto, railroads were begun to be constructed in the continental states. Lines now extend from Turin to Genoa through Allessandria ; from Turin to Cuneo, to Pignerolo, and to Suss ; from Aleasandria a line runs up to Novara. Along these roads electro-telegraphic wires are laid down ; and the city of Turin has electric communication through Chamb6ry with Perin, and by the Gulf of Spezzia with the island of Sardinia, from the south-western point of which it is contemplated to carry electro-telegraphic cables to Bonah in French Africa. A railway is projected from Annecy to Chambdry, thence to Montmelian on the here, up the left bank of that river to the confluence of the Arc, and up the valley of the Arc to Modane. This lino in all probability will be extended from Annecy to Genera, from Siontmclian to Grenoble, so as to form a junction with the French railway system ; and the project of cutting a tunnel through the Alpe under Mont Canis, so as to unite the Savoy railroad at Modena with an extension of the Turin Susa line to Grande-Croix, has been long entertained with great favour by the people and government of the Sardinian States.