1465.72. Amadeus IX., son of Ludovic, succeeded him. He was of a pious turn of mind, and remarkable for his charities. He died at Vercelli in 1472.
1472-82. Philibert, son of Amadeus IX., succeeded him while yet a minor, under the guardianship of his mother Yolaude, sister of Louis XI. The duchess sent a body of troops to join the army with which Charles le Tem6raire, duke of Burgundy, invaded Switzerland in 1476. These troops however almost all perished in the battles of Chanson and Morat; and Charles, fearing that the duchess might turn against him in his adversity, caused her to be siezed and shut up in the castle of Rouvre. A Piedmonteso concealed the young duke Philibert, whom he carried to France to his uncle Louis XI., who soon after sent an armed party to deliver the duchess from the castle of Rouvre, and ho restored both her and her son to their domiuious. In 1478 Yolanda died ; and in 1482 Duke Philibert, being now of age, went to Lyon on a visit to King Louis, but died soon after in that city, leaving no issue.
1482-89. Charles I., Philibert's brother, assumed the ducal crown, and in November 1483 made his public entry into Turin. He died at Pignerol iu March 1489, being only 21 years of age.
1459-96. Charles John Amadeus, styled Charles IL, son of the preceding, was a mere child when his father died. His mother, Bianca of Moutferrsto was proclaimed regent, with the assistance of a council. Turin was definitively chosen for the residence of the court. From that time the house of Savoy became really Italian. In April 1496, the duke died of a fall at the villa of Moncalieri, near Turio.
1496-97. Philip 11., count of Bresse, and a son of Duke Lndovie, succeeded as duke of Savoy and prince of Piedmont. He died in November 1497. He left by Margaret of Bourbon, his first wife, a son, Philibert, who reigned after him, and a daughter, Louisa, who married the Duke of Augouldme, and was the mother of Francis I. of France ; and by a second wife, Charles, who was duke of Savoy after Philibert.
1497-1504. Philibert II. married Margaret of Austria, daughter of the emperor Maximilian I. The Duke of Savoy had the title of Imperial Vicar in Italy, and was by interest as well as duty attached to the imperial cause. Philibert "however allowed Louis XIL of
France to pass through his dominions on his way to invade the duchy of Milan In 1499. In 1504 Philibert II. died without issue, and was ri bued in the convent of Brou at Bourg-en-Breese, where his monu ment is still seen.
1504.53. Charles brother of Philibert II., althoueh fond of peace, found himself for the greater part of his reign in the midst of the moot deatructive wars; first between Louis XII. of France and the Holy League, headed by Pope Julia' IL against the French; after ward>, between Francis I. on one side and the Swiss and Duke Stoma of Milan on the other; and lastly, between Francis I. and his powerful rival the emperor Charles V : in all of which the territories of Savoy and Piedmont, though the duke professed neutrality, were devastated without mercy by French, Swiss, and Imperialists. In 1530 Duke Charles attended the coronation of Charles V., who treated him with marked attention, giving to his wife Beatrix of Portugal, and her heirs, the county of Asti Francis I. pretended to be offended at this, and having in 1535 declared war against the duke, his troops occupied the whole of Savoy and Piedmont, except a few fortresses which held out for the duke, who took refuse in Nice. The troop. of Charles V. entered Piedmont, and that unfortunate county was for many years the theatre of war between the two great rivals. lu 1543 Nice was attacked by a combined French and Turkish fleet; the town was sacked, but the matte was saved by the timely arrival of Andrea Dori& In 1547 Henry IL, having succeeded Francis I., came to Turin to take formal possession of Piedmont In 1551 war broke out between France and the emperor, and Piedmont was again the Bald of battle between the two armies. In the midst of this confusion, Duke Charles died in 1553, at Vercelli, where he had taken refuge under the protection of the Imperial troops. Vercelli, Nice, Aosta, and Cunt* were the only places that still held out for the hones of Savoy.