Stadtii Older
Stadtii Older (statthalter In German, Stadhonder In Dutch) Means Lieutenant Or Governor. The Appellative Statthalter Is Used In The Cantons Of German Switzerland, To Denote The Civil Officer Who Is Next To The Landamman Or Chief Magistrate. In The Federal Republic Of The Seven United Provinces Of The Netherlands, The ...
Staffa
Staffa, A Small Uninhabited Basaltic Island On The Western Side Of Scotland, About 8 Miles W. From Mull, In 56° 28' N. Let., 6° 20' W. Long. The Island Is Composed Of Amorphous And Pillared Basalt: The Pillars Have In Many Parts Of The Rugged Coast Yielded To The Action ...
Stafford
Stafford, The County Town Of Staffordshire, A Market-town, Municipal And Parliamentary Borough, And The Seat Of A L'oor-law Union, Is Situated On The Left Bank Of The River Sow, In 52° 45' N. Let., 2° 7' W. Loug., Distant 141 Miles N.w. By W. From London By Road, And 1321 ...
Staffordshire
Staffordshire, A Midland County Of England, Bounded N.e. By Derbyshire, E. For A Very Short Distance By Leicestershire, S.e. By Warwickshire, S. By Worcestershire, S.w. And W. By Shropshire, And N.w. By Cheshire. It Lies Between 52° 23' And 53° 14' N. Lat., 1° 36' And 2° 27' W. Long. ...
Stage Garmiage
Stage-garmiage. To These Parliamentary Taxes May Be Added The Following Local Assessments In England And Wales : The Rates Levied Fur Local Management Could Not Be Ascertained, But Including Poors-rates In Scotland And Ireland, In The Grand Jury Pre Eentments In The Latter Country, The Whole Is Estimated In A ...
Staircase
Staircase. This Is An Indispensable Part Of The Interior Of Buildings Which Consist Of More Than A Ground-floor, And Stairs Of Sonic Sort Must Have Always Been Employed Wherever There Were Upper Rooms, And Even To Obtain Access To The Terraced Roofs Which Are Used In The East. But We ...
Stall Feeding
Stall-feeding. The Feeding Of Cattle In Stalls For The Purpose Of Fatting Them More Readily Than By Simple Grazing, And At A Time When They Cannot Get Fat On Pastures, As A Regular Part Of The Process Of Husbandry, Is Comparatively Modern. In Former Times Cattle Were Slaughtered In October ...
Stammer
Stammer. The Terms Stammer And Stutter Are Synonymously Adopted To Denote The Involuntary Interruption Of Utterance Arising From Difficulty And Often Total Inability To Pronounce Certain Syllables, The Speech Apparatus Being Frequently Affected With Spasm In The Effort To Speak. In Some Stammerers The Spasm Consists Of Involuntary Movements Similar ...
Stamp Acts Stamps
Stamps, Stamp Acts. Stamps Are Impressions Made Upon Paper Or Parchment By The Government Or Its Officers For The Purposes Of Revenue. They Always Denote The Price Of The Particular Stamp, Or In Other Words, The Tax Levied Upon A Particular Instrument Stamped, And Sometimes They Denote The Nature Of ...
Standard Weights And Measures
Weights And Measures, Standard. In This Article We Separate From The General Subject Of Weights And Measures Those Preliminary Considerations Which Refer To The Manner In Which Weights And Measures Are Verified And Preserved, So Far As They Can Be Entered Upon In A Work Partly Of Reference, Partly Of ...
Standards
Standards Are Those Trees Or Shrubs Which Stand Singly, Without Being Attached To Any Wall Or Support. In Gardening And Planting They Are Distinguished Into Three Kinds, The Full Standard, The Half Standard, And The Dwarf Standard. The Full Standards Are Trees Whose Stems Are Suffered To Grow Seven Or ...
Stannary
Stannary, From The Latin &annum., "tin." This Term Some Times Denotes A Tin-mine, Sometimes The Collective Tin-mines Of A Dis Trict, Sometimes The Royal Rights In Respect Of Tin-mines Within Such District. But It Is More Commonly Used As Including, By One General Designation, The Tin-mines Within A Particular District, ...
Staoe Carriage
Staoe Carriage. Although The Law Regards Differently A Stage Carriage And A Hackney Carriage, We May Conveniently Treat Of Both Here. The Former Group Comprises Stage Coaches And Omnibuses, For The Use Of Which Passengers Pay At The Rate Of So Much Per Journey ; The Latter Group Comprises Hackney ...
Staple
Staple, " Anciently Written Estop! E, Cometh," Says Lord Coke, "of The French Word Cat Ape, Which Signifies A Mart Or Market." It Appears To Have Been Used To Indicate Those Marts Both In This Country And At Bruges, Antwerp, Calais, &c., On The Continent, Where The Principal Products Of ...
Stapleton Cotton C031bermere
" C031bermere, Stapleton Cotton, First Viscount, Is Eldest Son Of The Late Sir R. S. Cotton, M.p. For Cheshire, And Was Born About The Year 1770. He Entered The Army In 1791; And Served In Flanders In The Campaign Of 1793-94. Two Years Later He Embarked For The Cape Of ...
Star Chamber
Star-chamber. The Star-chamber Is Said To Have Been In Early Times One Of The 'apartments Of The King's Palace At West Minster Allotted For The Despatch Of Public Business. The Painted Chamber, The White Chamber, And The Chambre Markolph, Were Occupied By The Triers And Receivers Of Petitions, And The ...
Star Fort
Star-fort, A Kind Of Redout Inclosing An Area, And Having Its Lines Of Rampart Or Parapet Disposed, On The Plan, In Directions Making With Each Other Angles Which Are Alternately Salient And Re-entering, As A Star Is Usually Represented. This Construction Is Adopted When The Work Is Intended To Contain, ...
Stater
Stater (cassia, A Standard Of Value), Or Chrysus (omeoro, ;phi Money), Was The Name Of A Greek Gold Coin, Which, After Being Used From It Very Early Period In Some States, Became, In The Time Of Philip Il And Alexander The Great, The General Gold Currency Of Greece. It Is ...
Statics
Statics, A Subdivision Of Mechanics, Meaning The Part Of The Science In Which Equilibrating Forges Are Considered, In Opposition To Dynamics, In Which The Effects Of Forces Producing Motion Are Investigated : It Is Subdivided Into The Statics Of Rigid And Of Find Bodies, The Latter Being Called Hydrostatics. The ...
Statistics
Statistics Is That Department Of Political Science Which Is Con Cerned In Collecting And Arranging Facts Illustrative Of The Condition And Resources Of A State. To Reason Upon Such Facts And To Draw Con Clusions From Them Is Not Within The Province Of Statistics; But Is The Business Of The ...
Statius
Sta'tius, A Gaul, Originally A Slave. Ile Received The Name Arcilius When Ho Became Free. He Died About One Year After His Friend Ennius, That Is, B.c. 163. Crecilius Wrote Some Forty Comedies In The Latin Language, Of Which Only Very Brief Fragments Remain In The Writings Of Cicero, Aulus ...
Statute
Statute. Bills Which Have Passed Through The Houses Of Lords And Commons And Received The Royal Assent Become Acts Of Parliament, And Are Sometimes Spoken Of Collectively As Forming The Body Of " Statutes Of The Realm." In A More Restricted Application Of The Word, Private Acts Are Excluded, And ...
Statute Ireland
Statute (ireland). In Ireland, The Method By Which The Early Irregular Convocations, Called Parliaments, Passed Their Acts, Appears To Have Been A Close Imitation Of The English Practice. The Authenticated Printed Statutes Begin In The Year 1310, 3 Edw. Ii. After Five Short Acts Of This Parliament There Is A ...
Statute Of Frauds
Statute Of Frauds. This Name Is Applicable To Any Statute The Object Of Which Is To Prevent Fraud, But It Is Particularly Applicable To The 29 Car. Ii. C. 3, Which Is Entitled The " Statute Of Frauds And Perjuries." One Object Of The Statute Was To Prevent Disputes And ...
Statutes Of Limitation
Statutes Of Limitation. There Appear To Have Been No Times Limited By The Common Law Within Which Actions Might Be Brought ; For Though It Is Said By Bracton (lib. 2, Fol. 228), That, " Ensues Aetiones In Mundo Infra Certa Tempera Limitatlonem Habent ; " Yet With The Exception ...
Staxtiation
Staxtiation.] • On Great Festivals And Other Solemn Occasions The Mass Is Performed By A Priest Or Prelate, Attended By A Deacon And Subdeacon, Who Says The Responses And Chants The Epistle And Gospel Of The Day. On Those Occasions The Man, Or At Least Parts Of It, Are Sung ...
Steam Carriages
Steam-carriages On Common Roads Have For Many Years Occu Pied The Attention Of Engineers And Mechanicians, On Account Of The Evident Economy Which Would Result From The Use Of A Road Surface Adapted To. And Previously Constructed For, Ordinary Traffic ; But, Up To The Present Time, None Of The ...
Steam Navigation
Steam Navigation. It Would Seem That Navigation, Being Founded On The Bases Of Geometry And Astronomy, Would Be But One System, Practicable Alike By The Commander Of A Sailing Ship Or Of A Steamer ; That Practice Attained In Navigating One Class Of Vessels Would Be Equally Available For The ...
Steam Vessel
Steam-vessel, A Vessel Moved By The Power Of A Steam-engine Acting Upon Paddle-wheels Or Other Mechanism For Propelling It Through The Water. Under Slue, Ship-building, &c., Were Explained The Prin Ciples On Which Vessels Are Constructed ; And Under Steam, Stfam Enoine, Propeller, &c., Have Been Described The Means Of ...
Steam And Steam Engine
Steam And Steam-engine.- Steam Is The Gas Or Vapour Given Off By A Liquid, When Its Temperature Is Raised To Such A Degree As To Cause It To Pass Into A State Of Ebullition • But As The Vapour Of Water So Given Off Is The One Most Commonly In ...
Stearic Acid
Stearic Acid This Body Is The Most Abundant Onstituent In All Solid Fatty Substances. It Exists In Them In The State F Stearin, A Combination Of Stearic Acid With The Basis Of Glycerin. 'he Relation Which Stearic Acid Bears To Other Acids, That Occur In Fats Nd Oils, Will Be ...
Steel Manufacture
Steel Manufacture. Iron Pomessee Qualities Which Render It Applicable To Innumerable Purposes In The Arts ; But There Are Some Uses For Which It Is Not Sufficiently Hard, And This Defect Is Supplied By Converting It Into Steel. At Eiseniirzt In Styria The Manufacture Of Steel Has Been Carried On ...
Stefano And Luigi Gasse
Gasse, Stefano And Luigi, Twin Brothers, And Both Architects, Wore Born At Naples, August 8, 1778, But Were Of French Origin. When Not Above Seven Years Of Age They Were Sent To Paris, And There Confided To The Carp And Instruction Of Their Maternal Undo The Abbate Minotti. On Their ...
Stephanie Felicite Ducrest De St Aubin
Genlis, Stephanie-felicite-ducrest De St. Aubin, Countess De, Was Born Near Autun, In 1746, Of A Respectable But Not Rich Family. She Became At An Early Age A Proficient In Music, And Her Skill As A Player Introduced Her To Some Persons Of Distinction, In Whose Company She Had An Opportunity ...
Stephen Gardiner
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop Of Winchester And Lord Chan Cellor Of England, Although He Was Called By Another Name, Was Believed To Be The Illegitimate Son Of Dr. Woodvil, Bishop Of Salisbury, Who Being Brother To Elizabeth, Edward Ivth's Queen, Was Also Related To Henry Viii. He Was Born At Bury ...
Stephen Gosson
Gosson, Stephen, A Native Of Kent, Was Born In 1554. In 1572 He Was Entered At Christchurch, Oxford, Where He Took His Bachelor's Degree, And Then Removed To London. He Was There A Family Tutor, And Wrote Three Plays—s Tragedy Called Catiline's Con Spiracies,' A Comedy Called ' Captain Mario,' ...
Stephen Hales
Hales, Stephen, D.d., Was Born At Beckeabourn, In Kent, September 7, 1677, Entered Of Benet College, Cambridge, In 1690, Was Elected Fellow In 1702; And Having Taken Holy Orders, Was Presented About 1710 To The Perpetual Curacy Of Teddington, Near Twickenham, Where, Though He Obtained Other Church Preferment, He Resided ...
Stephen Hawes
Hawes, Stephen, Author Of "l'he Pastime Of Pleasure,' Lived At The Beginning Of The 16th Century, But The Date Of His Birth And Death Are Alike Uncertain, Lie Calla Himself "gentleman And Gnome Of The Chamber To The Famous Prynce And Second° Salomon, Kynge Henrye The Seuenth." He Was A ...
Stephen Lanoton
Lanoton, Stephen, Cardinal Of St. Chrysogonus, And Arch Bishop Of Canterbury, Was Born In The Earlier Half Of The 12th Century, According To One Account In Lincolnshire, According To Another In Devonshire. After Finishing His Studies At The University Of Paris, He Taught With Applause In That Seminary, And Gradually ...
Stereographic
Stereographic. This Word, Which Is Derived From Acyclic, "solid," And 7pctcpetr, "to Draw," And Which Therefore Ought To Be Applied To Every Method Of Representing A Solid In A Plane, Has Never Theless A Limited Technical Sense, Being Applied To That Projection Of A Sphere In Which The Eye Is ...
Stereoscope
Stereoscope, From (meat (solid), And Eaconafs (a View, Or Eacesiai, To View), Au Instrument By Which Two Pictures Of Any Object, Taken From Different Points Of View, Are Seen As A Single Picture Of That Object, Having The Natural Appearance Of Relief Or Solidity. The Theory Of The Stereoscope Is ...
Stettin
Stettin, One Of The Three Governments Of The Prussian Province Of Pomerania, Is Bounded N. By The Government Of Stralsund And The Baltic; E. By The Government Of Csialin ; S. By Brandenburg; And W. By Mecklenburg. The Area Is About 5012 Square Miles. Tho Population At The End Of ...