STUTTGART, the capital of the kingdom of Wiirtemberg, is situated almost in the centre of the kingdom, within two miles of the left, bank of the Neckar, in 4e 46' N. lat., 9' 10' E. long., 810 feet above the level of the sea, and has about 30,000 inhabitants. It lies at the bottom of a valley, surrounded on three sides by mountains and hills, which are covered with vineyards and gardens. The old part of tho city is ill-built, the streets being narrow and irregular, and the houses, fur the most part, of wood. The more modern parts have straight streets, intersecting each other at right angles, and contain many handsome buildings. The finest street is the Koniga Straw, which crosses the whole city and passes one end of the square, in which the old and now palaces and the theatre are situated. The new palace is a noble edifice, consisting of a centre and two wings ; in front of It is a spacious parade. The gardens and grounds extend to the royal country-scat of Reeenatein,near Kanu.stadt. In the vicinity of the palace there are several public institutions. Among other bnildings deserving notice aro the gymnasium, the former military academy, the old palace, the opera-home, the foreign office, the royal mows, the palace of the estates of the kingdom, the new hospital; a colossal bronze statue of Schiller, designed by Therwaldsen, has been erected in front of the Stiftekirehe, which stands behind the old palace, and contains toonumenta of the dukes of Wiirternlerg; and the three barracks, which are among the most considerable buildings in the city. There are numerous public and private collections of
works of art, and several libraries ; the public royal library contains 200,000 volumes. The king's private library of 30,000 volumes contains valuable old works and manuscripts, and a great variety of modern publications. Stuttgart has a gymnasium, an academy of arts, a school of arta, a botanic garden, a veterinary school, a statistical society, a savings bank, and numerous useful and charitable institu tions. The manufactures of Stuttgart comprise linen and woollen cloths, silk, cotton, gloves, carpets, shawls, &c., articles in gold, silver, and Lronzo; mathematical, philosophical, optical, and musical instru :Dents; cabinet furniture, lackcred ware, and carriages. The bark trade is extremely flourishing. The city is well situated for trade, this Neckar connecting it with the navigation of the Rhine. Railways unite it with Ulm, Augsburg, Munich, and Friodrichahafea, on the Late of Constana; and a lino running west-north-west from Stuttgart, the trunk-line of railway on the right bank of the Rhine at Brachial. Tho name of Stuttgart first occurs in 1220. In 1286 it was besieged for seven weeks by the emperor Rudolph L In 1320 the counts of Wfirtemberg fixed their residence here, and since 14S2 it has been the capital of all the possessions of the house of Wfirtemberg.