Stimulants Or
Stimulants Or Excitants (in Medicine), Agents Which Increase Vital Action, First In The Part To Which They Are Applied, Then Of The System Generally, And Perhaps Ultimately Of Some Particular Organ ; And When This Organ Is A Gland Or Secreting Organ, A Renewed Or Augmented Secretion Is Observed. The ...
Stirling
Stirling, Stirliugehire, Scotland, A Royal And Parliamentary Burgh And Miulet-town, And The Chief Town Of The County, Is Situated On An Eminence Near The Right Bank Of The River Forth, In 56° 8' N. Lat. 4° 0' W. Long., Distant 29 Miles N.e. From Glasgow, And 36 Miles N.w. From ...
Stirlingshire
Stirlingshire, An Inland County Of Scotland, Is Bounded N. By Perthshire, N.e. By C1ackmanaanshlro And A Detached Portion Of Perthshire, E. And S.e. By Linlithgowshire, S. By Lanarkshire And Dumbartonshire, And S.w. And W. By Dumbartonshire, From Which It Is Separated By Loch Lomond : It Lies Between 55° 53' ...
Stockade
Stockade, In Fortification, Is The Name Given To A Wall Constructed By Planting Upright In The Ground Squared Trunks Of Trees, Or Rough Piles Of Timber, So As To Enclose An Area Which Is To Be Defended. The Trunks Or Piles Are Planted Close Together ; And At Intervals Of ...
Stockholm
Stockholm, The Capital Of Sweden, Is Situated In 20' N. Lat., 18° E. Long., On The Channel By Which The Millar Lake Discharges Its Waters Into The Baltic, About 36 Miles From The Sea By The Wiudings Of The Channel, But Not More Than 24 Miles In A Straight Line. ...
Stockport
Stockport, Cheshire, An Important Manufacturing Town, Muni Cipal And Parliamentary Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Pariah Of Stockport, Is Situated Near The Point Where The Rivers Theme And Goyt, By Their Junction, Form The Mersey, In 53° 25' N. Lat., 2' 8' W. Long., Distant ...
Stocks
Stocks, A Term Applied To The Various " Funds " Which Constitute The National Debt. Each Proprietor Of Stock May Transfer His Interest To Others By Sale. When The Transfer Is Effected By A Broker He Must Be Authorised By A Power Of Attorney From His Principal, The Stamp Duty ...
Stocks_2
Stocks, In Horticulture, Are Young Trees Which Are Designed For The Reception Of The Grafts Or Buds From Other Trees. The Process By Which A Part Of One Tree Is Transferred To Another Is Called Grafting Or Budding [onarrtso], And The Object Attained By It In Gardening Ie The Securing ...
Stockton
Stockton, Distinguished As Stockton-upon-tees, Durham, A Market-town, Sea-port, Municipal Borough, And The Scat Of A Poor Law Union, In The Pariah Of Stockton-upon-tees, Is Situated On The Left Bank Of The River Tees, About Four Miles From Its Mouth, In 54' 34' N. 1st, 1° 13' W. Long., Distaut 20 ...
Stoitaoe In Thansitu
[stoitaoe In Thansitu.] It Is Remarked By Savigny (' Das Hecht Des Besitzers,' P. 185), "that In The Whole Theory Of Possession Nothing Seems Easier To Determine Than The Character Of Corporeal Apprehension Which Is Necessary To The Acquisition Of Possession. By This Fact All Writers Have Understood An Immediate ...
Stole
Stole, Originally A Long Vestment, A Matron's Robe, From The Latin Stola, And That From The Greek Croai. Pitiscus, In His Lexicon Antiquitat. Roman.; Has A Long Article Upon The Stola, As Worn By The Ancients. In Later Times Stela Wax The Term More Particularly Applied To A Broad Strip ...
Stone Foil Building
Stone Foil Building. There Are Few Practical Questions Belonging To The Building Arts Of More Importance Than Those Connected With The Nature Of The Stones Used In Them ; For Not Only Does The Character Of The Architecture Adopted Materially Depend Upon The Faci Lities The Stones Present For Artistic ...
Stone Working
Stone Working. Under Quarry And Quarrying A Descrip Tion Is Given Of The Mode Of Detaching And Shaping Blocks Of Stone At The Quarries. A Few Lines Will Suffice To Convey An Idea Of The Subse Quent Operations. Until Within A Comparatively Recent Period, Few Other Tools Than The Saw ...
Stoppage In Transitu
[stoppage In Transitu.] Where No Delivery Of Part Of The Goods Themselves Has Been Made By Actual Removal, A Constrictive Delivery May Effect The Same Purpose : A Delivery Of The Key Of The Warehouse Where The Goods Lie; The Receipt Of Rent For Their Warehouse-room By The Seller ; ...
Straight Line Straight
Straight, Straight Line, Plane. There Is No Occasion To Define A Straight Line As Matter Of Information; So That We Have Here Only To Consider The Definitions Which Have Been Given And Their Relative Merits, Taking Them As Attempts To Produce A Mathematical Description Of Straightness. There Are Three Attempts ...
Stralsund
Stralsund, One Of The Three Forernments Into Which The Prussian Province Of Pomerania Is Divided, Consists Of What Was Formerly Swedish Pomerania, With The Island Of Ilttgen And Some Other Islands. It Is Bounded N. By The Baltic, K And S. By The Peene, Which Separates It From The Government ...
Strasbourg
Strasbourg, A Town In Frauce, Capital Of The Department Of Bas-ithin, Is Situated On The Ill At A Distanco Of About 2 Miles From The Left Bank Of The Rhine, 321 Miles By Railway E. From Paris, Iu 48` 31' 57" N. Let., 7* 44' 16' E. Long., 473 Feet ...
Strategy
Strategy (from The Greek Serparrsyfa, Which May Be Translated " Generalship ") Is, Properly, The Science Of Combining And Employing The Means Which The Different Branches Of The Art Of War Afford For The Purpose Of Forming Projects Of Operations And Of Directing Great Military Movements: It Was Formerly Distinguished ...
Stratfordupon Avon
Stratfordupon-avon, Warwickshire, A Municipal Borough, Tuarketetowu, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Stratford-upon-avon, Is Situated On The Right Bank Of The River Avon, In 52° 12' N. Lat., 1° 43' W. Long., 9 Miles S.w. From Warwick, 96 Miles N.w. From London By Road, And ...
Strawberry
Strawberry. The Botanical Characters Of The Strawberry Have Been Given In The Nat. Hist. Dry. Of The Cultivated Strawberry, The Varieties Are Almost Endless, And Nearly Every Season Something New Is Produced. In The Fruit Catalogue Of The London Horticultural Society, Upwards Of Sixty Varieties As Worth Cultivating, And There ...
Strength Of Materials
Materials, Strength Of. The Strength Of Any Material Object, As A Rod, Bar, Beam, Chain, Or Rope, Is That Power By Which The Substance Resists An Effort To Destroy The Cohesion Of Its Parts. It Evidently Depends On The Disposition Of The Particles Relatively To Each Other, On The Iutenaity ...
Strophe
Strophe (orpo'4) Is A Set Of Verses Composed According To A Certain System Of Metres. The Word Is Derived From Otploca, " To Turn," As In The Lyric, Especially The Choral Poetry Of The Greeks, This Part Of A Poem Was Sung During The Movements And Dances Of The Chorus. ...
Strophulus
Strophulus Is An Eruption Of Pimples Upon The Skin, Which Frequently Occurs In Infants Whose Health Is Disordered By The 'irritation Of Teething Or Any Other Cause. Dr. Willau Describes The Following Forums Of The Disease : 1. S. Intertinctus, Of Which The Vulgar Name Is Red-gum Or Red-gown. The ...
Stroud
Stroud, Gloucestershire, A Market-town, Parliamentary Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Stroud, Is Situated In A Picturesque Valley At The Junction Of Two Of The Streams Which Form The Stroud Water (sometimes Called The Frome), In 51° 45' N. Lat., 2° 12' W. Long., ...
Strychnos Nun Vom Ica
Strychnos Nun-vo'm Ica, Medical Properties Of. The Genus Strychnos, Consisting Of About Twelve Species, Is Remarkable For Con Taining Among These Some Which Possess Only Mild Or Beneficent Pro Perties, While Others Are Endowed With More Potent And Destructive Powers Than Almost Any Other Members Of The Vegetable Kingdom. This ...
Stucco
Stucco. A Name Sometimes, Though Incorrectly, Applied To All Descriptions Of Lime Or Cement Renderings On Masonry, Whether External Or Internal, But Which Is Really Given By Builders To A Species Of Plastering, In Ordinary Cases Worked Up By Hand To A Fine Face Adapted To Receive Paint ; Or ...
Sturms Theorem
Sturm's Theorem. There Is A Branch Of The Theory Of Equations, Containing The Celebrated Theorems Of Descartes, Fourier, And Sturm, Which It Is Advisable To Place In An Article By Itself, And The Present Heading Has Been Chosen Because Sturm's Theorem Is At Once The Most Conclusive And The Latest ...
Stuttgart
Stuttgart, The Capital Of The Kingdom Of Wiirtemberg, Is Situated Almost In The Centre Of The Kingdom, Within Two Miles Of The Left, Bank Of The Neckar, In 4e 46' N. Lat., 9' 10' E. Long., 810 Feet Above The Level Of The Sea, And Has About 30,000 Inhabitants. It ...
Style
Style, Used For Manner Of Writing, From The Latin Atylus, The Same Word With The Greek Cr7t;aos A "pillar," Or "column." The Romans Gave That Name To An Iron Bodkin Having A Sharp Point, With Which They Were Accustomed To Write By Exaration, Or Scratching, On Their Wax-covered Tablets Or ...
Styrax Officinalis
Styrax Officinalis Is The Source Of The Officinal Storax, Although An Article Is Occasionally Vended Under This Name, Which Is Obtained From The Liquidambar St Yracijlaa, And Perhaps Other Species Of Lig/tide/der, Yet In The London Pliarniacopmia, It Is Said To Be The Produce Of An Unknown Plant. Of Genuine ...
Styria
Styria, A Crownland Of Austria, Formerly Styled The Duchy Of Styria, Is Situated Between 45° 54' And 47° 50' N. Lat., L3' 30' And 16' 25' E. Long. It Is Bounded N. By The Archduchy Of Austria, W. By Illyria, S. By Illyria And Croatia, And E. By Croatia And ...
Suabia
Suabia (schwaben, The Country Of The &levi), One Of The Ten Circles Into Which Germany Was Divided Previous To 1806, Comprehended The South-western Part Of Germany, One Of The Most Beautiful And Fertile Tracts Of The Whole Empire, Traversed By The Danube From The South-west To The Northeast, And Covered ...
Subcontrary
Subcontrary. This Word Is Particularly Applied To The Sections Of A Cone, In A Manner Which, Without Interfering With That Application, Would Allow Of Its Definition Being Generalised As Follows :—when Figure Or Solid Is Symmetrical, So That Equal Lines Or Polygons Can Be Drawn On Two Different Sides, Those ...
Suberic Acid
Suberic Acid 2 H0f. An Organic Acid Produced By Treating Rasped Cork With Diluted Nitric Acid; The Cork Is Slowly Dis Solved, And A Fatty Substance Is Formed, Which Floats On The Surface Of The Fluid. The Solution Is Slowly Evaporated Till It Thickens, And The Residue Is Treated With ...
Sublimation
Sublimation, A Chemical Operation Effected By The Application Of Heat To Ccrtaiu Bodies; It Is Essentially Similar To Distillation In Principle, But Differs From It In The Nature Of The Substances To Which It Is Applied. In Distillation Liquids Are Converted Iuto Vapour, And Condensed Into The Same Form By ...
Sublimity
Sublimity Has Two Signification: One, That Of The Quality Or Circumstance In Objects, Which Raises The Emotion Named Sublimity; The Other, That Of The Emotion Itself. The Nature Of The Sublime, That Is, Those Conditions Of Objects Which Invariably Excite In Us Certain Emotions, To Which We Give The Common ...
Submultiple Multiple
Multiple, Submultiple, Multiplication. Any Num Ber Of Equal Magnitudes Added Together Give A Multiple Of Any Ono Among Them. Thus 4 + 4 + 4, Or 12, Is ,a Multiple Of 4. And Sub Multiple Is The Inverse Term To Multiple : Thus 12 Being A Multiple Of 4, 4 ...
Subsidy
Subsidy, From Subsidism, A-latin Word Signifying Aid Or Assistance. "subsidies," Save Lord Coke, "were Anciently Called Auxilia, Aides, Granted By Act Of Parliament Upon Need And Necessity ; As Also For That Originally And Principally They Were Granted For The Defence Of The Realm And The Safe Keeping Of The ...
Substance
Substance. In General Usage Substance Means A Solid. In Philosophical Speculations It Has Undergone Tho Fate Of Most General Terms, And Has Been Tortured Into All Possible Shades Of Meaning. In Physical Speculations It ,has Usually Been Taken As An Equivalent To Matter ; But In Metaphysical Speculations Its Meaning, ...
Substitution
Substitution. One Of The Most Important Methods Of Forming Chemical Substances, And Of Ascertaining The Constitution Of Com Pounds, Is That Known As Substitution. The Term Substitution, As Thus Chemically Applied, Simply Means The Replacement Of A Body Already In Combination By Another Body Not In Combination, And Of Course ...
Substitution_2
Substitution, A Very Common Algebraical Process, Being, As Its Name Imports, The Substituting For Any Quantity Another Which Is Equal To It. A Method Of Approximation, Which Is Frequently Used And Of Great Importance, Has Obtained The Name Of Successive Substitution. Let Any Equation Be Rednced To The Form X ...
Subtrahend Subtraction
Subtraction, Subtrahend, Minuend. The Process Of Subtraction Is The Removal Of A Part Equal To The Peso From The Greater. The Quantity To Be Diminished (minitendum) Was Called The Minuend ; The Quantity To Be Withdrawn (subtrahendum), The Subtrahend; And The Remaining Part, The Remainder. The Terms Subtrahend And Minuend ...
Succession
Succession. This Is A Legal Teen Derived From The Roman Succeario," Which Signifies A Coming Into The Place Of Another, And Successor Is He Who Comes Into Such Place. E The Roman Term Signifies A Coming Into The Place Of Another So As To Have The Same Rights And Obligations ...
Succession Duties
Succession Duties. For Many Years Persons Succeeding To Personal Property (including Leaseholds) Whether They Took By Will As Executor*, Or Legatees, Or Merely As Administrators Or Next Of Kin, Were Charged With Legacy Ditties, Which Wero Payable Over And Above The Stamp Duty, Then And Still Levied In The First. ...
Succinic Group
Succinic Group. The Generic Name Of Succinic Acid And Its Derivatives. Suceinic Add (2ho, C„ii.0,,1 Exists Naturally In Aussn (succinum), From Which Resin It Was First Obtained As One Of The Products Of De Structive Distillation. In Combination With Potash It Also Occurs In The Milky Juices Of The Leaves ...
Succinum
Succinum Is A Bituminous Substance Of A Peculiar Kind, The Natural History Of Which Has Been Already Detailed. [armen, In Nat. Hist. Ply.] It Is Not Now Used In The Crude State In Medicine, But Is Employed To Yield The Oleum Auecini, Or Oil Of Amber. This Is Pro Cured ...
Sudbury
Sudbury, Suffolk, A Municipal Borough, Market-town, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, Is Situated On The Left Bank Of The River Stour, In 52° 2' N. Lat., Fr 43' E. Long., 16 Miles S. From Bury St. Edmunds, 54 Miles N.e. From London By Road, And 68 Miles By ...
Suet
Suet Is A Variety Of The Fatty Or Adipose Tissue Of Animals, Accu Mulated In Considerable Quantity About The Kidneys And The Omentum, Or Caul, Of Several Of The Domestic Quadrupeds. There Are Several Kinds Of It, According To The Species Of Animal From Which It Is Procured, Such As ...
Sufficient Reason
Sufficient Reason. (mathematics And Physics.) The Prin Ciple Which Is Connected With These Words Might Be, And Frequently Is, Called The Want Of Sufficient Reason ; And Even This Term May Appear Inabeurats, For It Should Be The Want Of Any Possible Amount Of Reason. Since, However, All That Takes ...
Suffolk
Suffolk, A Maritime County On The East Coast Of England, Lying Between 51' 56' And Sr 37' N. 1st, 0° 23' And P 46' E. Long. It Is Bounded N. By Norfolk ; E. By The German Ocean; S. By Essex ; And W. By Cambridgeshire, From Which It Is ...
Sugar
Sugar. Referring To Suomi In The Natural History Drvisioet Of This Cyclopedia For An Account Of Its Distribution In The Organic Kingdom, And To A Separate Article [sugar Culture And Manufac Ture] For Information Concerning The Extraction From The Sugar-cane, And Purification Of Common Or Cane-sugar, We Shall At Present ...
Sugar Culture And Manufacture
Sugar Culture And Manufacture. Sugar Is A Awee Crystallised Substance, Most Commonly Prepared From The Expresses Juice Of The Sugar-cane, Of Which There Aro Several Species ; But Some Times From Beetroot, From The Sap Of One Or More Species Of Maple Had From Other Vegetable Productions. Saccharine Matter Lit ...
Suicide
Suicide Is The Term Usually Applied Both To The Act Of Self Destruction And To Him Who Commits It. As A Subject Of Medical Investigation, The Most Important Distinctions Among Cases Of Suicide Are Founded On The Circumstances Which Lead To Its Commission ; And Of These There Are Two ...
Suit
Suit Is A Legal Term Used In Different Senses. The Word Seder, Which Is The Latin Form, Is From " Sequor," To Follow ; And Hence The General Meaning Of The Word May Be Deduced. 1. A Suit Is A Proceeding By Which Any Legal Or Equitable Right Is Enforced ...
Suli
Suli, A Mountainous District Of Southern Albania, Which Extends In Length About 30 Miles From North To South, And About 20 Miles In Breadth, And Is Separated To The South-west From The Coast Of The Adriatic By A Strip Of Lowland In Which Is Port Fanari, The Ancient Elms, At ...
Sulphur S
Sulphur (s), Commohly Called Brimstone, Is A Solid Elementary Non-metallio Body, Which Has Been Known From The Most Remote Antiquity. The Former Tern, Is Derived From Sal Salt, And Coop Fire ; The Latter Brennedone Or Bursistone, Both In Allusion To Its Well-known Pro Perty Of Ready Inflammability. It Is ...