Anglo-Sarons.—An account of their history has been given under SAXONS; and under ENGLAND in 0E00. Div. The first settlement of Teutonic tribes in Great Britain previous to the arrival of the Anglo Saxons, has been treated with great learning by Dr. Clement, in his work Die Nordgerinanische Welt,' Copenhagen, 1840 ; and much valuable Information respecting their laws and social habits will be found in Kemble'a ' Saxons in England,' and the works of Palgrave and other recent writers on Anglo-Saxon history.
The following works contain full information ooncerning the history of the Teutonic nations The History of the Antient Germans,' translated by Thomas Lediard; Gibbon,' Decline and Fall;' Deutsche Staats-und Rechts-Gesebicitto ;' Savigny, ' Ges chichte des Romiachen Rechtes ire Mittelalter ;' Grimm, ' Deutsche Rechts-Alterthiimer ;' and his 'Deutsche Grammatik.' The Scandinavian branch of the Teutonic nations appears lato in history. The Sagas tell us that in the fifth century me. Odin led the Scandinavians to Sweden and Norway ; but this Odin is a god. Less fabulous is the history of a second Odin, who, in the beginning of our era, came from Asia to Scandinavia, accompanied by his " Asen " or perhaps " Ansen," or fellow-warriors. Tho name of the Suiones or Swedes was known to Pliny and to Tacitus, and Pliny knew the name of Scandia, now Sauna, the southern extremity of Sweden, which name gradually acquired its present general meaning. Goths came to Scandinavia at a very early period, and the second Odin was perhaps their chief. They mixed with the Scandinavians, and traces of their language have been found In the dialects of the provinces of East and West Gothland in Sweden, and their name is still preserved in many localities. The aborigines of Sweden and Norway belonged to the Finnish race. They fled towards the north, but not without leaving their traces in the mountains of the Kjmlen and the Dovrc Fjcld.
The Scandinavians, Northmcn, or Normans, became known to the southern nations by their piracies, and they were often leagued with the Saxons. In the wars between Charlemagne and Wittekind, the I)anea assisted Wittekind, who had married Gera, the daughter of their Ling, Siegfried. As early as the beginning of the 8th century the Danes and Jutes appeared in the north of England ; in the beginning of the 9th century the Danes settled on the south-east coast of Ireland.
Normans or Norwegians occupied the Orkneys before the end of the 9th century : in 861 they came to the Farm Islands, and they sent colonies to Iceland as early as 870. The northern parts of North America were known to these bold navigators four centuries before the time of Columbus. Other Normans conquered Normandy, Apulia, Sicily, and the opposite coast of Africa. From the 8th century the Waregians, who came from Norway and Sweden, penetrated into Russia, and founded the Norman dynasty of the grand-dukes of Kiew. Some of the first families of the Russian nobility are of Norman origin.
The Swedes conquered the coast of Finland as early as 850, and settled in great numbers in the districts of Abo and Nyland. Although Finland is chiefly inhabited by a nation of Finnish origin, and though it has become a Russian province, the Swedish language is the only language used for public acts and legal documents.
Subm is one of the best authorities for the critical history of the Scandinavians. lie ban written in Danish on the origin of the Scan dinavians, on their mythology, a critical history of Denmark, a history of Denmark, and several other works concerning this country.
(Muller, in his ' Kritischea Examen der Danischen und Norwo giachen Sagengeschichte; examines the historical truth of the Sagas ; Peringakjold, ' 3lonumenta Sueo-Oothica; Stockholm, 1710, fol. ; Peringskjahl, ' Wilklna Saga, sive /Estonia Wilkineusium; contains an account of the exploits and conquests of the Scandium-lane in Russia, Italy, he.) Table of the modern Teutonic Languages and their Dialects.
I. Ilion GERMAN LANGUAGES.
(The German language as it is written or spoken by the well educated Gerintma, belongs to the I ligh German languages, but i3 not a dialect.) A. Swabian branch. • a. Swabian, subordinate branch, containing the dialects of 1, Suabia, that is, of the Black Forest, of the Neckar, and of the country between the Danube and the Lech.
2, Bavaria, that in, of the Alps, of Salzburg, and of the Danube.
3, Tyrol, that is, of Vorarlberg, of the Inn, of the Etach (Adige), and of Punter-Thai 4, Austria, that is, of the archduchy of Austria, of Styria, of Carin thia, of Carniola, of Southern Bohemia, and of Moravia.