The principal mountain ranges of Thessaly were—the Cambuuian, on the north; Piudua, on the west ; the ridges of Othrys and (Eta, on the south ; and those of l'elion and Ossa, on the east.
The Cambuniam Range is a branch from Mount Piudus, running in a direction nearly at right angles to it, and separating Thesealy from Macedonia. In this chain is the Mount Olympus. The principal road between the two countries over the mountains was by the Pass of Volustana, marked in modern maps as Volutza. Another import ant defile, leading from Thessaly into Macedonia, passed by Pythium, a village with a temple sacred to the Pythian Apollo, situated on Mount Olympus, at the north-cast extremity of the range.
Through this latter defile many armies (that of Xerxes among the nnmber) marched in ancient times. The road which led through Themaly to this Pythium was called the Via Pythia. The defile is still much frequented by travellers going to Larissa from the north western parts of Macedonia. Mount Olympus, one of the most cele brated mountains of Greece, is represented in Greek mythology as the habitation of the Gods. It divides the north-east of Theesaly, or Perr!amble, from Pieria, the extremity of Macedonia on the south east. It rises to the height of about 6500 English feet, and the highest parts of it are scarcely ever entirely free from snow. The part of the Cambunian range which lies to the west of Olympus was called Mount Titarne, an outlier or limb of which, Mount Cyphus, rises in the upper valley of the Penees. Olympus and Osea lie on opposite aides of the defile by which the Peneus enters the Vale of Tempe.
Mount Pindas, the western boundary of Thessaly, is part of the range of mountains which issues from the Thracian Scomius. On the north it joins the Illyrian and Macedonian ranges, and to the south it is connected with the branches of (Eta and the iEtolian and Acantanien Mountains. It separates the waters which fall into the Ionian Sea and the Ambracian Gulf, from those which empty them selves into the northern part of the zEgean. The most frequented pus over Pindus from Thessaly into Epirus lays over a part of It called Mount Cercetiue, probably not far from the modern town of Metzovo. One of the highest points of Mount Pindns was Tym
phrestus, forming its southern extremity, from which branched the ridge of Mount Othrys, closing the great basin of Theasaly on the south, and separating the waters which flow into the Peneus from those which run into the southern Spercheiu . Its eastern extremity separates the Maliac from the Pagaecean Gulf, sinking gently toward the coast It is now known by the different names of Hellovo, Vari bovo, and Goura. To the south of Othrys lies the ridge of (Eta, which however has no connection with Thessaly Proper. It is a huge pile of mountains stretching from Pindus to the sea, which it meets at the Pass of Thermopyle; it forma the inner barrier of Greece, as the Cambunian range does the outer, to which it is nearly parallel in direction and equal in height On the west It branches out into the country of the Doriana and into iEtolia. On the south east, beginning from Mount Callidromus, the highest summit of the range, it is continued without interruption along the coast of the Enbawn Sea, till it sinks into the valley of the river Asopus. 11y means of another branch to the it is connected with I'arnasrue, and after skirting the Corinthian Gulf under the names of Cirphis and Helicon, it forms the northern boundary of Attica, nnder the names of Cithzron and Parnell.
fiction is a chain of some extent, running from the south-east extremity of the lake called Boebeis to the extreme south of Maenesis, forming a part of the boundary of Themaly on the east. Homer (' IL 743) alludes to it as the seat of the Centaurs, and it was mandated with many remarkable events In Grecian story. it was exceedingly well wooded. To the north of Pelion and following the line of the coast lies the chain of Oun (now Kisseve), the roots of which unite with one of the branches of Mount Pelion. At its northern extremity it towers into a steep conical peak, and accord ing to the songs of the country, rivals its neighbour Olympus in the depth and duration of its snows, Omagh it is 1100 feet less in height Petween OSSA and Olympus lies the celebrated Vale and Pau of Tempe.