TI'BET is the most southern of the three great table-lands of Middle Asia. The Bolos Mountains, a branch of the Hindu Kush, which stretthea towards the north-west, in 72° 30' E. long., form the western boundary. The length of this frontier is about 87 miles. It is bounded on the south-weat by the Hindu Kush, from Mount Tutukan Mutlami and the north-western part of tho Himalaya as far as the western frontier of Nepaul, a distance of about 480 miles. The southern boundaries are formed by the range of the Himalaya from the western frontier of Nepaul to the eastern frontier of Bootan, a distance of about 740 miles, and by the northern boundaries of Asam, Burma, and part of the Chinese province of Yunnan. This latter part runs in a south-eastern direction, and most probably as far as the junction of the Yn-leang-ho, or Li-tchon, with the Kindle kiang, or Yang-tee-kiang, in Yunnan, between 102° and 103° E. long.
The length of this part of the frontier in a straight line between the two extremities Is about 320 miles. The whole length of the southern frontier, according to a rough estimate, is 1540 miles, but as this frontier forms a curve, its real length is much more. The eastern frontier of Tibet is formed by the western boundaries of the Chinese province of Stitchuang (Setohuen), Shen-si, and Kamm. From the junction of the Yudeang-ho with the Kinclia-kiang it stretches north ward, and probably along the river Ya-long-kiang as far as 30° N. lat. It then takes n north-eastern direction, and stretches as far as Kiai, along a range of wild and snowy mountains, which, on some maps, are called the Yun-ling Mountains. At Kiai it takes a north-west direction, crosses the Boang-ho, or Yellow River, runs to the east as far as Hongehin, and then takes a north-west direction as far as point situated In the mountains of Amegangar, in 33° 25' N. lat., 100°F long. That part of Tibet however which lice south of 29° N. lat., and east of the Klncha-kiang, or the mountains of Bataug, was ceded to China in 1727, and is now under the immediate 'sovereignty of the emperor of China. The whole extent of the eastern frontiers of Tibet is at least 900 miles. The northern fron tiers begin in the Bolos Mountains, whence they are said to stretch east-south-east along the mountains of KeriIkorum as far as a point situated in the mountains of Kuenlun (Oneuta, or Kulkouu) in 35° N. lat., 85' E. long., across tho deserts of Khor and of Katehi, or Katche. Thence they run north-east and east, until they reach the
eastern frontier at that point which we have mentioned above as situated in 25' N. lat., 100° E. long. The whole length of the northern frontier, including the larger bends, amounts to about 1300 miles. It is however doubted whether the exteneieo country of Kim khu-nor, in north-eastern Tibet, belongs to Tibet in the political senao of the word ; and if so, the northern frontier of Eastern Tibet will not extend beyond 36° N. 1st. But geographically speaking, Kliu khu-nor belongs to Tibet. Thus Tibet is bounded W. by Independent Turkistan ; S.W. and S. by Hindustan, Nepaul, Bootan, and Asam; S.E. by Asam and China ; E. by China ; and N. by the desert of Gobi and Chinese Turkistan.
efeen/aine—Tibet is a table-land, the highest plains of which are more than 10,000 feet above the level of the sea. This tablo-land Is divided into three great and distinct parts. The first, which is long, and not very wide, begins in the cast, near Mount Kailasa, in the Himalaya, and stretches to the north-west, between parts of the Himalaya and of the Hindu Kush in the south-west, and the range of the mountains of Kintkortun in the north-east. It is traversed in its whole length by the upper part of the Indus. Its lower or north western part, Balti, or Baltistan, is also called the First Tibet, or Little Tibet, and is an independent state. Its upper, or south-eastern part, has the name of Ladakh, and is also called the Second Tibet, or Great Tibet, because it is larger than Baltistan. Sometimes the name of Little Tibet is given to the whole valley of this Indus. Ladakh is also an independent state, but the most eastern part of it, as far as Teahigang on the Indus, belongs to Chine The second great division of Tibet begins in the south, near Mount Kailasa, and is an immense elevated desert, the western part of which is called Khor, and the eastern part Katohi. Its boundaries are the range of Kirikorum on the west; the Kuminn Mountains on the north; the Snowy Moun tains around the sources of the Kindle-Mang, the Orn-tain, and the Lake of Tengri-nor In the east ; and the mountains of Dzang and Ngari ha the south. Ketch' is traversed by the great road which leads from "name to Yarkand, in Chinese Turkistan. The third great divides of Tibet contains the remainder of this country, which bee east and south of Kher and Katchi.