FLAMINFNUS, TITUS QUINTIUS, was made consul, n.c. 198, before he was thirty years of age, and had the province of Macedonia assigned to him, with the charge of continuing the war against Philip, which had now lasted for two years without any definitive success on the part of the Romans. Flamininua having landed in Epirus, opposite the island of Corcyra, with a reinforcement of 8000 foot and 800 horse, marched up the country, where he found Philip posted in a rugged pass on the banks of the Aaus, among the mountains of Eastern Epirus. After some fruitless negociationa with the king of Macedonia, the Romans, under the guidance of an Epirote shepherd, attained by a mountain path the rear of the Macedonian position, and Philip was obliged to make a hurried retreat across the chain of Pindus into Thessaly. He was followed by the Romans and their allies, the JEtolians and the Athamanins, who overran and ravaged the country. Meantime L. Quintius Flaminiuus, the brother of the consul, sailed with a fleet to the eastern coast of Greece, where, being joined by the ships of the Rhodians and of Attalus of Pergamus, he scoured tho coasts of Eubma, Corinth, and other districts which were allied or subject to the king of Macedonia. The consul himself marched into Phacis, where he took Elates, and having there fixed his winter quarters, he succeeded in detaching the Achaaans from the Macedonian alliance. In the following year Flamininus, being confirmed by the senate in his command as proconsul, before beginning hostilities afresh held a couference'with Philip on the, coast of the Manna Gulf, and allowed him to send legates to Rome to negotiate a peace. Tho senate however having required the king to evacuate all the towns of Greece which be bad occupied, including Demetrias in Thessaly, Chalcis in Eubma, and Corinth, the negotiations were broken off and Flami ninus resumed military operations. He marched from Phocis into Thessaly, where Philip was stationed near Larissa with a body of 16,000 phalanx men, 2000 peltastre, and 5000 Thracian and other auxiliaries. After some previous demonstrations and partial attacks, the two armies met between Pherm and Larissa, in a country broken by small hills called Cynoscephahe, or Dogs' Heads. The Macedonians had at first some advantage, especially on the right wing where the king commanded in person, and where he had formed his phalanx on • hill, but Flamininus observing the left wing moving in column with a narrow front to their assigned post, attacked ft with his elephants and threw them into confusion before they had time to form. In the
pursuit of this body a tribune of the victorious legion being led beyond the flank of the right wing, ventured to attack it on the rear, and he succeeded in spreading disorder into the ranks of the close and cumber some phalanx. Paulo pervaded the Macedonians; many threw down their arms and fled, and Philip himself, seeing the rout becoming general, left the field, and rode off towards Tempe. The Macedonians lost 5000 killed and 5000 prisoners on that day. Soon afterwards the king asked for a truce, which was granted by Flamininus, in order that messengers might be sent to Rome to treat of peace. The senate appointed ten legates, who, in concert with Flamiomus, drew up the conditions, which were that Philip should evacuate every Grecian town and fortress beyond the limits of his paternal kingdom, that he should give up all his ships of war, reduce his military establishment, and pay 1000 talents for the expenses of the war. Flamininus was then continued in his command for another year, n.c. 196, to see these conditions executed. In that year, at the meeting of the Isthmian games, where multitudes bad assembled from every part of Greece, Flamininus caused a crier to proclaim "that the senate and people of Rome and their commander Titus Quintius, having subdued Philip and the Macedonians, restored the Corinthians, Phoemans, Locriana, Eubmans, Theasalians, Phthiotre, 31aguetai, Perrhcebi, and Achasans to their freedom and independence, and to the enjoyment of their own laws." Bursts of acclamation followed this proclamation, and the crowd pressed forward to express their gratitude to Flamininus, whose conduct throughout those memorable transactions was marked with a wisdom, moderation, and liberality seldom found united in a victorious Roman general. He checked by his firmness the turbulence of his Atolian allies, who vociferated for the entire destruction of Philip, while he satisfied all just claims of the rest ; and although his Mace donian expedition led ultimately to the entire subjugation of both Macedonia and Greece, yet he was at the time the means of restoring peace to both countries, and of protracting the independence of the Greek states for half a century longer.