Timbrel
Timbrel, A Musical Instrument Of The Highest Antiquity ; The Tympattess Jere Of The Roman Poets, And, In The Opinion Of All Writers Of Any Authority, The Same, In An Almost Unaltered State, As That Now Known In Every Part Of Europe Under The Names Of Tabor, Tambourine, Tambour De ...
Timbuctoo
Timbuctoo, A City In The Interior Of Northeru Africa, Is Situated Is About 17° 8' N. Lat., 2° 58' W. Long., Ou The Declivity Of An Incon Siderable Eminence About 8 Miles N. From The Niger, And At Tho Most Northern Part Of Its Course Where It Makes The Great ...
Time
Time. This Word May Be Considered Either With Reference To Our Abstract Idea Of The Thing Signified By It, Or To The Measures Of It Which Have Been Contrived For Use In The Business Of Life. Something On The First Point Of View Will Be Found In The Article Space ...
Time Of Descent
Time Of Descent, The Technical Term For The Time Employed By A Material Particle In Falling Down An Arc Of A Curve Under The Action I Gravity, The Mode Of Obtaining Which Is Explained In Velocity. When Any Number Of Curves Are Drawn From A Given Point, And Another I ...
Timm Todpno
Todpno, Timm, The Capital Of Piedmont, Residence Of The King Of Sardinia, And Place Of Meeting Of The National Parliament, Is Situated In 45° 6' N. Lat., T° 44' E. Long., On The Left Bank Of The Po (which Here Runs In A Northern Direction), And At The Confluence Of ...
Timothy Dwight
Dwight, Timothy, An Eminent American Presbyterian Divine, Was Born At Northampton In Massachusetts, May 14, 1752. His Father Was A Merchant; His Mother Was Daughter Of The Celebrated American Theologian And Metaphysician Jonathan Edwards. From Infancy He Made Rapid Progress Iu General And Scholastic Learning ; Insomuch That, At The ...
Timothy Flint
Flint, Timothy, An American Clergymau And Writer, Whose Career Is Curiously Illustrative Of The Shifting Phases Through Which Professional Men Occasionally Pass In The United States. Born In July 1780 At North Reading In Massachusetts, He Became, After Passiug Through The Theological Course It Harvard University, In 1802 Pastor To ...
Tin Manufacture And Trade
Tin Manufacture And Trade. Referring To Other Articles For Notices Of The Mineralogical, Chemical, And Medical Characteristics Of Tin, We Shall Here Treat The Metal In Its Manufacturing And Com Mercial Aspects. Under 31rarso It Is Explained In What Way The Ores Of Tin Are Ex Tracted From The Mines ...
Tinctures
Tinctures Are Solutions Of The Active Principles, Mostly Of Vegetables, Sometimes Of Saline Medicines, And More Rarely Of Animal Matters, In Certain Solvents. From Possessing More Or Less Of Colour, They Have Obtained This Name. They Are Distinguished According To The Kind Of Solvent Employed. When Alcohol Is Used, They ...
Tinning Tin Plate
Tinning; Tin-plate. The Art Of Tinning, Or Of Coating Other Metals With A Thin Layer Of Tin, So As To Protect Them From Oxidation, Was Known To The Ancients, Although It Does Not Appear To Have Been Very Extensively Practised. During Many Centuries, England Procured Tin-plate From Bohemia And Saxony, ...
Tipperary
Tipperary, An Inland County In The Province Of Munster, Ireland, Is Bounded N. By Galway And King's County, E. By King's County, Qneen's County, And Kilkenny, S. By Waterford, And W. By The Counties Of Cork, Limerick, Clare, And Galway. It Lies Between 52° 12' And 53° 9' N. Lat., ...
Tiryns
Tiryns, An Ancient City Of Argolis, In The Peloponnesus, Situated In 37' 40' N. List., 41' 1' E. Long., On A Low Flat Rocky Hill Which Rises Out Of The Level Plain, At No Great Distance From The Head Of The Argolie Bay. According To An Ancient Tradition Related By ...
Titanium
Titanium (ti). This Metal Does Not Occur In The Free State In Nature, But As A Binoxide (titanic Acid) It Is Not Uncommon. In The Letter Condition, Associated With Protoxide Of Iron, It Forme Titaniferens Iron-ore, Deposits Of Which Are Found In Various Parts Of The World. [trrsivar, In Nat. ...
Titans
Titans (tailver, Fern. Traviser) Is The Llama By Which, In The Mythology Of Ancient Greece, A Certain Class Of Sons And Daughters Of Uranus And Gaea Are Designated. The Original Name Of Gaea Was Said To Have Been Titala, From Which Titans Was Derived. (diodorus Sic., Iii. 56.) The Beings ...
Titiies
Titiies Aro The Tenth Part Of The Increase Yearly Arising And Renewing From The Profits Of Lands, The Stock Upon Lands, And The Personal Industry Of The Inhabitants, And Are Offerings Payable To The Church, By Law. Under The Jewish System, The Tenth Part Of The Yearly Increase Of Their ...
Titles Of Honour
Titles Of Honour Arc Words Or Phrases Which Certain Persons Are Entitled To Claim As Their Right, In Consequence Of Certain Dignities Being Inherent In Them. They Vary In A Manner Eorreeponding To The Variety Of The Dignities, Or, In Other Words, With The Rank Of The Possessor. Thus Emperor, ...
Titus Flavius Alexandrinus Clemens
Clemens, Titus Fla'vius Alexandri'nus, Was Born About The Middle Of The 2nd Century Of Our Era. According To St. Epiphanius He Was An Athenian, And At First A Follower Of The Stoic Philosophy; But According To Others Be Belonged To The Platonic School, An Opinion Which Seems Countenanced By The ...
Titus Flavius Domitianus
Domitia'nus, Titus Flavius, Younger Son Of The Emperor Vespasianus, Succeeded His Brother Titus As Emperor A.d. Si. Tacitus (' Ilist.,' Iv. 51, 68), Gives An Unfavourable Account Of His Previous Youth. The Beginning Of His Reign Was Marked By Moderation And A Display Of Justice Bordering Upon He Affected Great ...
Titus Lvv1us
Lvv1us, Titus, The Roman Historian, Was Born At Patavinm (padua), Ac. 59. We Possess Very Few Particulars Respecting His Life. He Appears To Have Lived At Rome, And To Have Been On Intimate Terms With Augustus, Who Used, According To Tacitus Ann.; Iv. 34), To Call Him A Pompeian, On ...
Titus Quintius Flaminfnus
Flaminfnus, Titus Quintius, Was Made Consul, N.c. 198, Before He Was Thirty Years Of Age, And Had The Province Of Macedonia Assigned To Him, With The Charge Of Continuing The War Against Philip, Which Had Now Lasted For Two Years Without Any Definitive Success On The Part Of The Romans. ...
Tiverton
Tiverton, Devonshire, A Market-town, Municipal And Parlia Mentary Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Tiverton, Is On The Elope Of A Bill At The Coufluence Of The Rivers Ex And Loman, In 50' 54' N. Lat., 3" 39' W. Long., Distant 13 Miles S. ...
Tivoli
Ti'voli, The Ancient Tibur, A Town Of The Comarca Di Roma, 16 Miles E.n.e. From Rome, Is Situated On The Slope Of A Hill On The Left Bank Of The Anio, Or Teverone, Just Above The Spot Where That River Falls By A Succession Of Rapids Into Tho Lowlands Of ...
Tobacco Culture And Trade
Tobacco Culture And Trade. Tobacco Is The Common Name Of The Plants Belonging To The Monopetalous Genus Nicotiana. Tobacco Was The Name Used By The Caribbees For The Pipe In Which They Smoked ; But This Word Was Transferred By The Spaniards To The Herb Itself. The Genus Nicotiana Contains ...
Tobacco Pipe Manufacture
Tobacco-pipe Manufacture. The Materials Of Which Tobacco-pipes Are Formed Are Very Numerous. White And Coloured Earths, Porcelain, Metals, Ivory, Horn, Shell, Costly Woods, Agate, Con. Nelian, Talc, And Amber, Are Among Tho Substances Which Have Been Used For The Purpose. The Forms Admit Of Equal Variety; But Perhaps The Most ...
Tobago
Tobago, An Island In The Columbian Archipelago, In 11° 16' N. Lat., 60° 30' W. Long., Is The Most Southern Of The Caribbee Islands, And Lies About 25 Miles N.n.e. From Trinidad, And 82 Miles S.l. From Grenada. Its Greatest Length From North-east To South-west Is 32 Miles ; The ...
Tobolsk
Tobolsk, The Capital Of The Government Of Tobolsk, In Asiatic Russia, Is Situated In 58° 12' N. Lat., 68° 15' E. Long., At The Junction Of The Tobol With The Irtisch, 582 Feet Above The Level Of The Caspian Sea. It Is Divided Into The Upper And The Lower Town ...
Toga
Toga Is The Name Given To The Principal Outer Garment Worn By The Romans. The Ltomans Generally Wore The Same Kind Of Dress As The Other Italian Nations And The Greeks ; The Toga Alone Is By Some Writers Said To Have Been Derived From The Lydian, But This Statement ...
Toledo
Toledo, A City Of Spain, Capital Of The Modern Province Of Toledo, In Castilla Is Nueva, Is Situated On The North Bank Of The Tagus, In 39° 52' N. Lat., 4' W. Long, 42 Miles S.s.w. From The City Of Madrid. It Is The See Of An Archbishop, Who Is ...
Toll
Toll, From The Saxon " Tolne ;" In Zoll " (called In Law Latin " Telonium," " Theolonium," And " Tolnetum," With Many Other Variations, Which May Be Seen In Ducange, All Which Latin Terms Are Derived Apparently From Readsnov," Collection Of Tribute Or Revenue"), Is A Payment In Money ...
Toluenic Group
Toluenic Group. A Cluster Of Chemical Substances, Each Con Taining The Hypothetical Radical Toluenyl (c..14). The Chief Members Of This Collection Are Six In Number, Namely,— 1. Toluene (c„11„ H). Mud. .rctinaphtha. Benzoene. Dracyl. A Colourless, Limpid Oil, First Obtained On Submitting Balsam Of Tolu To Distillation. It Has Subsequently ...
Toluyl Ammonia
Toluyl-ammonia. [tottfiti Guoue.] Tomb (in Greek, 70.13os; Latin, Tumba ; Italian, Tomba ; French, Tombe And Tombeau) Signifies, In Its Strict Meaning, A Mass Of Masonry Or Stone-work Raised Immediately Over A Grave Or Vault Used For Inter Ment; But It Is Often Applied, In A Wider Sense, To Any ...
Tonbridge
Tonbridge (or Tunbridge) Wells, Kent, A Fashionable Watering-place And Market-town, Is Situated In 51' 7' N. Lat., 0° 15' E. Long., Distant 18 Miles S.w. By S. From Maidstone, 36 Miles S.s.e. From Londou By Road, And 46 Miles By The Hastings Branch Of The London And South-easteni Railway. The ...
Tonsure
Tonsure (from The Latin, Tondere, Clip") Is The Name Given To A Distinguishing Mark Of The Clergy Of The Roman Catholic Church, Formed By Cutting Off A Portion Of The Hair From The Head. Mention Is Made Of Polled Or Shaven Crowns In Connection With The Clerical Cha Racter Ih ...
Tontine
Tontine, A Specie. Of Life Annuity, Ao Called From Lorenzo Tonti, A Neapolitan, With Whom The Scheme Originated, And Who Introduced It Into France, Where The First Tontine Was Opened In 1653. The Sub Scribers Were Divided Into Ten Classes, According To Their Ages, Or Were Allowed To Appoint Nominees, ...
Toplitz
Toplitz, A Town In Bohemia, Celebrated For Its Warm Aulphuroous Springs, Is Situated In 50° 38' N. Lat., 13° 50' E. Long. The Name Is Slavoniau, And Given By The Bohemians And Croatians To Warm Springs In General. This Small Town, Which Has Not Above 2s00 Inhabitant.., Is Situated On ...
Torino
Tori'no, An Administrative Division Of Piedmont, Is Bounded N. By The Province Of Ivrea, W. By The Cottian Alps Which Divide It From France, S. By The Provinces Of Saluzzo And Alba, And E. By Those Of Asti And Vercelli. Tho Division Comprises The Province Of Torino, Fignerol, And Susa, ...
Tormentil
Tormentil, Tormcntilla Otreinalis (smith), Credo (linn.), A Small Perennial Plant, Growing In The Whole Of Europe And The North Of Aaia, In Forests, Bogs, And Heaths. [potentilla.] The Root, Or Rather The Rhizome, Is Officinal. As The Plant Flowers In June And July, The Best Time To Collect The Rhizomata ...
Toronto
Toronto, Province Of Canada, North America, An Incorporated City And The Capital Of Canada West, Is Situated In The Homo District, About 40 Miles From The Head Of Lake Ontario, On Its Northern Shore, Ha 43' 35' N. Lat., 71•• 20' W. Long., Distant 390 Miles S.w. By W. From ...
Torquay
Torquay, Devonshire, A Small Sea-port And Watering-place On The Coast Of The English Channel, In The Parish Of Tor-mohntn, Or Tor Mohnn, Cud Hundred Of Haytor, Is Situated Iu 50' 2s' N. Lat., 3' 33' W. Long., Distant About 30 Miles S. From Exeter, 194 Miles W.s.w. From London By ...
Torres Strait
Torres Strait Was Named After The Spanish Navigator Luis Vaez De Torres, Who Was The First To Pass Through It In 1606. It Is Situated Between The Most North-eastern Part Of Australia And The Southern Coast Of Papua Or New Guinea. Properly Speaking It Does Not Exceed 30 Miles In ...
Torsion
Torsion Is That Force With Which A Thread Or Wire Returns To A State Of Rest When It Has Been Twirsted'isy Being Turned Round On Its Axis: The Thread Or Wire, Which Is Suspended Vertically, Is Attached At The Upper Extremity To Some Object, And At The Lower Extremity Is ...
Tortoise Shell
Tortoise-shell This Beautiful Substance, Or At Least The Best Kind Of The Material Which Goes Under The Name, Is Procured From A Marine Tortoise Called The Hawk's-bill Turtle, Or Testudo Imbricata ; The Latin Name Being Derived From The Mode In Which The Scales Upon The Back Are Arranged, Overlapping ...
Tortona
Tortona, A Province Of Piedmont In The Administrative Division Of Alessandria, Is Bounded N. By The Po, Which Divides It From The Province Of Mortara ; E. By The Provinces Of Vogbera And Bobbin; S. By The Ligurian Apennines, Which Separate It From The Duchy Of Genoa ; And W. ...
Torture
Torture, Which In A Legal Sense Means The Application Of Bodily Pain In Order To Force Discoveries From Witnesses, Or Confessions From Persons Accused Of Crimes, Has Been Recognised By The Laws Of Most Civilised Nations As An Instrument For Obtaining Judicial Truth. A Learned Civilian Terms It " 31es ...
Tory
Tory. This Name Hen Now, For About Two Hundred Years., Served To Designate One Of Two Principal Political Parties In This Country. It Is Not To Be Expected That For Ao Long A Ono The Name Has Been Always Associated With One Uniform Set Of Political Principles, Or That Any ...
Toulon
Toulon. A Eesport-town And Naval Harbour In France, On The Coast Of The Mediterranean, Capital Of The Fourth Arrondisseinent In The Depart/beet Of Var, 423 Miles In A Direct Line S.s.e. From Peri', Is Situated In 43' 7' 18' N. Lat., 5' 56' H. Long., And Has 45,570 Inhabitants In ...
Toulouse
Toulouse, The Ancient Tolosa, A City In France, Formerly Capital Of The Province Of Languedoc, Now Of The Department Of Llaute Garonne, Is Situated At A Distance Of 3g3 Miles S. From Paris, In 43° 35' 90" N. Lat., 1° 26' 35" E. Long., And Had 85,554 Inhabitants In The ...
Tournay
Tournay (doornik), An Important Town Iu The Province Of Hainault, In The Kingdom Of Belgium, 160 Miles By Railway S.w. From Brussels, And 47 Miles S. From Ghent. This Town Was Called Tornacus In The 5th Century, When It Was Seized By The Barbariaus Who Overran Gaul It Was Among ...
Tourniquet
Tourniquet Is A Peculiar Kind Of Bandage Applied To A Limb For The Purpose Of Arresting The Current Of Blood Through Its Main Artery. It Is Employed For This Purpose In Several Cues, But Especially In Amputations Of Parts Of The Limbs, Where Large Arteries Have To Be Suddenly Cut ...
Town
Town, In Its Popular Sense, Is A Large Assemblage Of Adjoining Or Nearly Adjoining Houses, To Which A Market Is Usually Incident. Formerly A Wall Seems To Have Been Considered Necessary To Constitute A Town ; And The Derivation Of The Word, In Its Anglo-saxon Form " Tun," Is Usually ...
Townley Marbles
Townley Marbles, The Name Of An Assemblage Of Greek And Roman Sculpture Which Now Forms A Portion Of The Extensive Collection Of Antiquities In The British Museum. It Received Its Appellation From Charles Townley, Esq., Of Townley In Lancashire, Who Began Forming This Collection Whilst Residing In Rome Between 1765 ...
Tr Ebizond
Tr Ebizond, The Ancient Trapc:us, A Town Situated On The Pontus Euxiuus, In The Eastern Corner Of Pontus In' Asia Minor. Trapezus Was A Colony Of Sinope, A Town Founded By The Milesians. Xenophon With His 10,000 Greeks Came To Trebizond In His Retreat (` Anabaais,' Iv. 8). During The ...
Tracery
Tracery, In Architecture, A Term Of Uncertain Origin, And Almost Peculiar To Our Own Architectural Vocabulary, There Being No Cor Responding Term In Any Other Language To Denote With Equal Brevity And Clearness That Species Of Pattern-work Formed Or Traced In The Head Of A Gothic Window By The Mullions ...
Tracheotomy
Tracheotomy Is The Operation Of Cutting Into The Trachea. It Is Sometimes Also Called Bronchotomy ; And A Similar Operation On The Lower Part Of The Larynx Is Named Laryngotomy. The Anatomy Of The Parts Principally Concerned In These Operations Will Be Found In The Articles Larynx And Respiration, In ...
Traction
Traction, In Mechanics, Is The Act Of Drawing A Body Along A Plane, Usually By The Power Of Men, Animals, Or Steam ; As When A Vessel Is Towed On The Surface Of Water Or A Carriage Moved Upon A Road. The Power Exerted In Order To Produce The Effect ...
Trade And Shipping
Trade And Shipping. The Foreign Trade Of England Is Coeval With Its Earliest History. It Must Not, However, Be Supposed That The Commercial Dealings Of Those Early Days Bore Much Resemblance To Those Of More Modern Times. The Visits Of Foreigners To Our Shores (for England Was An Exporting Country ...
Tradition
Tradition (from The Latin Traders) Comprises, Ha The Widest Sense Of The Word, All That Has Been Handed Down (gum Tradita Aunt) To Us Concerning The Events Of The Past, And In This Sense All History Is Tradition. In The Early Ages Of Mankind And Of Every Nation, When The ...
Tragacanth
Tragacanth, Familiarly Termed Gum Dragon, Is The Produce Of Several Species Of The Genus Astragalus. [aatraoalii8, In Nat. Hist. Div.] The A. Rents (olivier,) A Native Of The North Of Persia, Armenia, And Asia Minor, Yields The Greater Part Of What Is Used In Europe. Persia Supplies It Likewise To ...
Transcendental
Transcendental, A Mathematical Term Of Description, The Meaning Of Which Is Not Very Uniform. When Any Particular Formula Is Incapable Of Being Expressed By Any Particular Range Of Algebraical Symbols, It Is, With Respect To Those Symbols, Transcendental—that Is, It Transcends Or Climber Beyond The Power Of Those Symbols. The ...
Transformation
Transformation, A General Term Of Mathematics, Indicating A Change Made In The Object Of S Problem Or The Shape Of S Formula, In Such Manner That The Orginal Problem Or Formula Is More Easily Solved, Calculated, Or Used After The Transformation. Thus It Frequently Happens That The Solution Of An ...
Transformation Of Co Ordinates
Transformation Of Co-ordinates. We Intend This Article Purely For Reference ; That Is, Supposing The Subject Already Known, We Mean Only To Put Together The Formula) In Such A Manner That Any One Can Be Used At Once. Rectilinear Co-ordinates Are The Only Ones Which Are Usually Trans. Formed ; ...
Transfusion Of Blood
Transfusion Of Blood Is The Operation Of Transferring The Blood Of One Animal Into The Blood-vessels Of Another, And Is Sometimes Beneficially Employed For Reviving Those Who Are Nearly Dying After Severe Haemorrhage. The Operation Had Long Been Used As A Means Of Experiment, And In The Vain Hope That ...
Transits Of Mercury And
Transits Of Mercury And Venus. The Inferior Planets As They Are Called, Whose Orbits Are Within That Of The Earth, May Some Times Appear To Pass Over The Body Of The Sun, Eclipsing, By Their Opacity, Successive Ports Of The Solar Surface. The Transits Of Mercury And Venus Are Phenomena ...
Translation
Translation. This Word Is Used In Mechanics, As Distinguished From Rotation, In The Following Manner :—a Body Has Motion Of Translation When All Its Points Move In Parallel Straight Lines ; When, In Fact, All Its Points Have The Same Motion. If All Have Not The Same Motion, There Is ...
Transparency
Transparency Is That Quality Of Certain Substances Or Media By Which Rays Of Light Are Allowed To Pass Freely Through Them. It Is Doubtful Whether Any Substance Exists Which Is Perfectly Transparent ; For Even Water And Air Stop More Or Less Of The Light Passing Through Them When The ...
Transpiration
Transpiration, A Term Applied By Mr. Graham To A Peculiar And Fundamental Property Of The Gaseous Form Of Matter In Passing Through Capillary Tubes. It Differs From Effusion By Which Gases Pass Through A Small Aperture About Of An Inch In Diameter, Into A Vacuum ; But Some Of The ...
Transportation
Transportation (trans And Ports), Removal, Banishment To Some Fixed Place. Transportation, As A Punishment For Crime In Eng Land, Having Been Practically Abolished, It Is Only In Its Historical Point Of View That It Will Be Here Considered. Under Crimes And Punish Ments ; Law, Crimlnal ; And Pfnai, Servitude, ...
Transversal
Transversal, A Name Lately Given To A Line Which Is Drawn Greeks, Who Used To Erect Trophies Even After Slight Advantages; And It Sometimes Happened That Both The Belligerent Parties, Owing To Some Advantages They Had Gained, Considered Themselves Entitled To Erect Trophies (thucyd. I., 54 ; Ii., 92). It ...
Trapani
Tra.pani, A Province Of Sicily, Comprises The Western Extremity Of That Island, And Is Bounded N.e. By The Provinces Of Palermo And Girgenti, Being Separated From The Latter By The River Belice, The Ancient Hypsa. The Area Is 1358 Square Miles, And The Population 182,800. [sicily.] The Province Is Divided ...
Tras Osmontes
Tras-osmontes, A Province Of Portugal, Situated Between 91° 4' And 41• 51" N. Lat., 6' 13' And 8° 7' W. Long., Is Hounded E. And N.e. By The Spanish Province Of Leon, N. By That Of Galicia, W. By The Portuguese Province Of Entre Douro E Minho, And S. By ...
Trent And Humber
Trent And Humber,* River Flowing Through The Central Parte Of England. Although The Trent And Humber Are Commonly Spoken Of As Distinct, They Are Strictly Parts Of The Same River. The 'lumber Is Simply The 'estuary Formed By The Junction Of Several Streams, And Is Therefore To Be Regarded As ...