This commerce was carried in 1802 inwards by 7806 British ships, registered at 1,333,005 tons, and 3723 foreign ships with a total of 430,251 tons, and outwards in 1902 by 7471 British ships, registered at. 1,177,224 tons, and 3332 foreign vessels with 457,530 tons. In 1336, the official value of imports had increased to 57,023,3674, and the declared value of exports to 53,368,5714, and the number of British ships inwards to.14,347 of au aggregate burden of 2,505,473 tons, and outwards to 14,207, Of a burden of 2,531,577 tons, and the foreign ships inwards to 7131, of a burden of 983,899 tons, and out wards to 7048 ships, and a burden of 1,035,120 tons. In 1846, the tariff was materially reformed, and successive improvements have been since introduced ; and in 1854, the real value of the total imports into the United Kingdom was 152,359,053L; in 1355 it. was 143,542,85o1., and in 1856 it was 172,544,154/. These values are computed from the average prices fixed for the articles, which are chiefly entered by quantities at the Custom House. The value of the exports is obtained from the declared value set on the articles, except in the case of foreign and colonial produce, of which the price is computed in the same way as with the imports. In 1S54 the total value of exports amounted to 115,821,0921., of which 07,184,726/. were for the produce or manufac ture of the United Kingdom, the remainder being for foreign or colonial produce. In 1855 the total value was 116,691,3004, of which 95,688,0654 were for the produce or manufactures of the United Kingdom ; and in 1856 the total value amounted to 139,220,8534, of which 115,826,9484 were for home productions; the official values of the exports show a singular contrast to the real values; they are for the three years respectively, 29,808,044/., 31,494,3911., and 33,423,724/. The official values of the imports for the three years show less dia. erepancy ; they were 124,136,0184, 117,234,8814, and 131,937,763/.
The remissions or reductions of duties on imports during the suc ceeding years contributed to the continued increase of trade and com merce; for the year ending December 31, 1860, the amount of tho principal articles imported was 169,131,0634, and this does not include a variety of other importations, of which many are of largo amount, as, for instance, animals, living, of which in the year there were 77,010 oxen, bulls, and cows, 27,559 calves 320,219 sheep, and 24,452 swine and hogs ; pearl and potashes, of which there were imported 141,087 ewts. ; bark, 418,069 cads. ; brimstone, 1,007,503 meta. ; bristles, 2,534,217 lbs. • caoutehouc, 43,039 ewts. ; clocks and watches, 497,386 in nor eggs, in number 167,695,200, with a few other items.
The principal articles imported, in addition to those above men tioned, were—in articles used for diet—coffee to the value of 2,543,2114, of which 1,813,213/. was from Ceylon ; 387,226/. from other British possessions, and the remainder from foreign countries. Corn to the value of 16,554,0834, of which 4,323,808/. was from the United States ; 3,551,907/. from Russia; 3,410,1614 from Prussia ; 1,610,7621. from France; and the rest from Egypt, Moldavia, Walla chia, and other countries. Barley. oats, peas, beans, and Indian corn to the value of 10,558,162/. Wheat-meal and flour to the value of 4,320,5584, of which the United States supplied to the value of 1,826,5821. ; France, 1,594,0304; and the rest from the Haase towns and
other countries. Currants and raisins to the value of 1,253,6701. Bacon, 870,2861. Butter, 4,078,0171. Cheese, 1,597,569/. Eggs, 478,6534 Rice, not in the husk, 1,023,108/. Spirits—rum, brandy, and Geneva, to the value of 1,918,839/. ; and wine to that of 4,201,4341., of which 1,734,613!. was contributed by Spain ; 1,036,6201. by Franco (almost twice as much as in 1850); 898,3361. by Portugal, and the rest by various countries. Sugar of all kinds, including sugar.candy and molasses, to the value of 12,106,069!., of which, of the raw sugar of all kinds 7,110,203/. came from British possessions, and 4,727,058/. from foreign countries. Tea, 6,944,0424, an increase of 1,132,4974 over 1859. Tobacoo, to an aggregate of 1,777,632/. Of articles used in manufactures, we imported cotton to the value of 35,756,8894, the United Statue supplying it to the amount of 30,069,3191.; the British East Indies, 3,373,614l.; Egypt, 1,480,8954'; Brazil, 561,9491.; and only 271,112/. from all other countries. The total quantity imported was 1,390,933,752 lbs. Flax to the value of 3,836,770/. was imported, three-fourths being from Russia and Prussia ; and hemp valued at 1,199,0184, of which 907,442/. was from ltusaia, the rest from various countries, with jute and other substances used as substitute, for hemp to the value of 665,764/. Hides, dry, wet, and tanned, or dressed, to the value of 3,296,512/. Indigo, to the value of 2,523,888/. Of metals—copper to the amount .of 2,213,1414, Chill and Cuba fur nishing the largest amount, though Australia sent oro to the amount of 173,0614 • iron, 659,620/.; lead, 408,4351.; spelter, 499,0364; tin, 387,307/. Os—train, spermaceti, palm, and olive—to the value of 3,023,235/. Saltpetre and cubic nitro to the value of 1,165,815/. Silk, raw and thrown, to the value of 10,323,8371., of which raw silk to the value of 6,829,490/. were supplied by the British East ladies and Egypt, 2,185,742/. by China, while the whole of the thrown silk only amounted to of which 172,357/. came from France. Tallow, to the value of 4,014,2804, of which 3,040,997/. was supplied by Russia, only 33,8304 by Australia, and the rest by South America and other countries. Timber, to the aggregate value of 9,206,0924, of which British North America contributed 4,309,235/. ; Sweden and Norway, 2,169,5451.; Prussia, 1,093,412/. ; Russia, 783,388/. ; and the remainder by various countries. Wool, to the value of 10.704,922/., of which 5,387,0781. was furnished by Australia ; 1,187,748/., by British possessions in South Africa ; 699,8611s, by the British East Indies ; and the rest from various places, chiefly through the Hanse towns; together with alpaca and llama wool to the value of 326,557/., and woollen manufactures not made up, to that of 918,9271. For agricultural purposes, we imported guano to the value of 1,563,145/. ; oil-seed cakes to that of 910,840/., and flaxseed and linseed to the amount of 3,391,9381.; but of this a large portion was for manufacture into oiL The total imports amounted to 210,648,643/. The customs duties for the year amounted to 23,032,3951., a decrease of 1,862,184/. on those of the preceding year.