VERO'NA, the chief town of the province of Verona, and the mili tary capital of the Crownland of Venice, is situated in 45° 25' N. let., 11' K long., on the Adige, which divides the town into two parts, and at the foot of hills which are the lower offseta of the mountains of tho Tyrol. The situation of Verona is pleasant and healthy; the town is substantially built, with long and tolerably wide etreets, is surrounded by old walls flanked with towers, and retains much of the appearance of a town of the middle ages. Tho ramparts and bastions constructed by the architect and engineer Sau Michell in the early part of the 16th century, were almost entirely destroyed according to one of the conditions of the peace of Lnneville in 1801, but the gates were spared, one of which, the Ports del Palio, has been termed a miracle of architecture. There are remains of walls erected round the town by the emperor Gallienus, by Charlemagne, and by the Scaligeri. The remains of the last add greatly to the beauty of the city. But all the former fortifications of the place are insignificant when compared to the works erected round Verona within the last few years by the Austrians, who have constructed walla and ramparts in the polygonal or cyclopean style, so that Verona is now one of the strongest fortresses not only in Italy but in Europe.
Among the many remarkable buildings of Verona the most worthy of notice are, the splendid palace of Canossa, built by San Michell ; palace called della Gran Guardia in the Piazza di Bra, the elegant palace Questa Verist by San Michell; the palace 13evilacqua ; the palace Itidolfi, which has a curious representation of the cavalcade of Pope Clement V11. and Charles V. on the occasion of that em peror's coronation at Bologna ; the palace del Couaiglio, built after the design of Sansovino, but its spacious hall wee constructed by Frit Giocondo the commentator of Vitruvius; the Palazzo Public°, opposite to the amphitheatre; and the palaces in the l'iazza del Signori, from which rises a square Campanile tower 300 feet high, surmounted by an octagonal pyramid, tho whole forming a most conspicuous object in the scenery of the city. The custom-house is a noble building
raised in the 13th century by Count Alessandro Pompel.
The churches of Verona are numerous, and many of them interest ing for their monuments and paintings. The church of San Nazario and San Celso is said to bo of the 7th century. The subterraneous galleries in its neighbourhood were once used as catacombs. The church of San Mamie dates from the 9th century : its bronze gates, a statue of the saint with his tomb, and its curious emblems, arabesques, and figures, attest the antiquity of the structure. The cathedral of Verona, a gothic building, said to be of the age of Charlemagne, with its façade covered with old sculptures of men and animals, contains the tomb of Pope Lucius IlL, who died at Verona in 1185; several valu able paintings, among which is an Assumption by Titian; a sepulchral monument of Roman times to Julius Apollonius and his wife Attica Valerie; and other interesting objects. The church of San Fermo has a fine mausoleum of the Turriani family. Several monuments of learned men, and also several very old paintings, one of which, by an unknown artist, is said to be anterior to the time of Cimabue. The churches of Santa Maria dala Scala, San Giorgio Maggiore, and San Sebastiano are among the finest churches of Verona, and are also rich in paintings.
The library of the Chapter of Verona is very ancient; it contains above 12,000 volumes end about 540 manuscripts, amone which is a palimp sest of the Institutes of Caine. In this library Petrarch discovered Ciesero's Epistles 'ad familisres.' Mani private collection, of paintings, sculptures, and books which once enriched Verona have been sold.
The Teatro Filarnionico of Verona is a handsome structure; in the court and under the portico is Maffers collection of Etruscan and other inscriptions, and of ancient bassi-rilievi given by him to his native town. The sepulchral monuments of the Della Scala (Scaligerl) family in the shape of pyramids, surmounted by the eqnestrisn statues of the various members of that family who were lords of Verona, are remarkable objects. The pretended tomb of Juliet is still visited by credulous travellers.