Valpaiiaiso
Valpaiiaiso, The Principal Port Of Chili, Is Situated In 71° 45' W. Long., 33' 2' S. Let., 55 Miles S. From Santiago, And 225 N. From Concepcion. The Town Has Been Nearly Rebuilt Since The Great Earth Quake In 1s22. It Consists Of A Long Narrow Street, Built Under A ...
Valtellvna
Valtellvna, A Longitudinal Valley On The Italian Side Of The Ithutian Alps, Drained In Its Whole Length By The River Adda. The Adds Rises At The Foot Of The Stilfser Joch, Crosses The District Of Bormio, Which Lies East Of Valtellina, And Then Entering Valtel Line At The Defile Of ...
Valuation
Valuation. Under Thin Haul Comes The Explanation Of A Part Of The Language Of Proportion Which Is Much Used, And Which Was Once Very Prominent In English Mathematical Writings. We Refer To Such Phrases As The Following Varies Ns B—a Varies Inversely As N—tho Gravitation Of Particles Varies Inversely As ...
Value
Value Signifies, In Political Economy, The Quantity Of Labour, Or Of The Product Of Labour, Which Will Exchange For A Given Quantity Of Labour Or Of Some Other Product Thereof. It Is Necessary In The Outset To Distinguish Utility From Value, Or, As Adam Smith Expresses The Distinction, "value In ...
Valvassor Vavassor
Vavassor, Valvassor, A Term Applied In The Ancient Records Of England, Scotland, France, Lombardy,. And Aragon, To Persons Holding Fiefs Not Immediately Under The King Or Other • Persons Possessing Jury Regalia (as The Duke Of Normandy, The Earl Of Chester, Or The Bishop Of Durham), But Under Some Intermediate ...
Valve
Valve. A Moveable Partition Introduced In Machinery For The Purpose Of Alternately Opening And Closing A Passage Through Which Steam Or Water May Be Intended To Peas, Is Called A Valve ; And This Generic Name Receives Many Specific Designations According To The Position, Or The Function, The Valve May ...
Vampire
Vampire. According To Bom Calmet'e ' Dissertation Stir Los Vampires,' The Vampire Is A Dead Man, Who Returns In Body And Soul From The Other World, And Wanders About The Earth, Doing Every Kind Of Mischief To The Living. Generally He Sucks The Blood Of Persons Asleep, And Thus Causes ...
Van Diemens Land
Van Diemen's Land, Sometimes Called Tasmania, Is An Island And British Colony Situated Iu The Southern Hemisphere, South Of Australia. It Lies Between 40° 45' And 43° 45' S. Let, 144° 45' And 14s° 30' E. Long. It Is Separated From Australia By Bases Strait. On The West Of The ...
Van Nes
Van Nes. (mortemart.] Var, A Department In The Sonth-east Of France, Is Bounded N. By Bassee-alpes, E. By Piedmont (from Which It Is Partly Separated By The River Var), S. By The Mediterranean, And W. By The Department Of Boucles-du-rhone. Its Greatest Length Is 83 Miles; The Extreme Breadth Is ...
Vanadic Acid
Vanadic Acid. [vasanium.) Vanad1ithi (v). A Rare Metal. It Was Discovered In 1801 Be Del Rio, And In 1830 Named, By Sofstroni, Vanadium, From Rantiis, A Cognomen Of The Scandinavian Goddess Prcia. In Exceedingly Mffitito Quantity It Exists In Nearly All Clays, But Occurs In Abundance In A Lead Ore ...
Vancouver Island
Vancouver Island (or Quadra And Vancouver Island) Lies Off The Western Coast Of North America In The North Pacific. It Is Long And Narrow, Extending In A Direction From South-east 43* 24' To 50° 3' N. Lat., And Between 122° And 129° W. Long., The Length Being About 250 Miles, ...
Vanes
Vanes, Derived From The Latin Vas, Analogous To The German Fan, A Word In Ita Widest Sense Comprising All Vessels Intended To Contain Fluids Or Other Substances, And Made Of Various Materials. In Ancient Art The Term Is Applied To All Ancient Vessels, But In Modern It Is Limited To ...
Vapour
Vapour. There Are Many Substances, Both Fluid And Solid, Which When Exposed To The Air, Or To The More Powerful Agency Of Heat, Are Gradually But Totally Dissipated, Owing To Their Particles Assuming The State Of Vapour By What Is Termed Spontaneous Evaporation. A Vapour, Then, Consists Of Ponderable Matter ...
Variable
Variable. A Quantity Is Said To Vary When It Changes Value, Whether Gradually, Or By Jumps Or Starts. The Notion Of A Variable Quantity Is The First Which Must Be Established In Teaching The Diffe Rential Calculus, And Requires A Little Explanation. One Magnitude At Least Is Hardly Conceivable Without ...
Variable Stars
Variable Stars. This Term Has Been Applied To A Class Of Stars Which Exhibit Variations Of Brightness When Observed From Time To Time. The Branch Of Astronomy Which Takes Cognisance Of Such Objects Is Entirely Of Modern Origin. The First Star Of Which The Light Was Found To Be Variable ...
Variation Of Parameters
Variation Of Parameters. A Parameter Was A Name Origi Nally Given To A Particular Lino Connected With A Conic Section : Being The Third Proportional To A Diameter And Its Conjugate. In Time The Word Was Applied To Any Line Which Serves By Its Value To Distinguish, Or To Help ...
Varna
Varna, A Fortified Town And Sea-port Of Turkey-in-europe, In The Province Of Bulgaria, Is Situated At The Head Of A Small Bey On The West Coast Of The Black Sea, In 43' 12' N. Lat., 27' 53' 58" E. Long., And Has A Population Of 16.000 To 20,000. The Bay ...
Varnish
Varnish, A Fluid Applied To The Surfaces Of Various Articles, As Wood, Kc., And Which, By The Evaporation Or Chemical Change Of A Portion, Leaves Upon Them A Shining Coating, Impervious To Air And To Moisture. Varnishes May Be Divided Into Three Classes : Alcoholic Or Spirit Var Nishes, Volatile-oil ...
Vasco De Gaila
Gaila, Vasco De, The First European Navigator Who Found His Way To India By Doubling The Cape Of Good Hope, Was Born At The Small Sca-port Town Of Sines In Portugal. The Date Of His Birth, And The Circumstances Of His Early Life, Are Not Mentioned. It Appears That Be ...
Vaucluse
Vaucluse, A Department In The South Of France, Bounded N. By The Department Of Drome, E. By Baasesealpee, S. By Bouches-du Rhone, From Which It Is Separated By The Durance, And W. By The Departments Of Gard And Ardoche, From Which It Is Separated By Tho Ithone. Its Greatest Length ...
Vaud
Vaud, A Canton Of Switzerland, Is Bounded N. By The Canton Of Neufchatel And By France, From Which It Is Separated By The Chain Of The Jura Mountains ; E. By The Cantons Of Freyburg, Bern, And The Valais ; S. By The Lake Of Geneva, Which Separates It From ...
Vaudeville
Vaudeville. And, Or D-rau, Is A Phrase Among Navigators, Implying The Reverse Of *marine De Roan, Is Used To Express Drifting Down A Stream :—" Personne No Remelt, Nom Noun Laissions Tiller Harau Do L'eau." Vaudeville Appears Originally To Have Been Applied To Designate Any Song Or Ballad Borne Along ...
Vaudois
Vaudois (waldenses, Or Valtlenses; In Latin Trailed ; In Valdes In Their Own Dialect), A Remarkable People, Who Form A Communion Separate From The Church Of Rome, And Who Live In Three High Valleys Of Piedmont, On The Eastern Or Italian Side Of The Cottian Alps, Between Mount Viso And ...
Vaulting Vault
Vault, Vaulting. The Continuation Of An Arched Covering Over A Conaiderable Surface Is Commonly Spoken Of In The Arts Under The Name Of Vaulting ; And Occasionally The Word Vault Is Applied To The Actual Assemblage Of Voussoirs Of An Arch, In Contradistinction To The Haunches, Spandrils, Or Other Supplementary ...
Vaults Tombs
Tombs, Vaults, Tombstones, Tablets. In Previous Articles [coffin; Interment] The Various Modes Of Disposing Of The Dead Have Been Discussed ; It Is Our Intention Here To Show What Rights The Subjects Of This Country Have, L St, To Burial, And 2ndly, To A Per Mancnt Commemoration Of Themselves By ...
Veda
Veda. This Word (from The Sanskrit Radical Rid, To Know '— Kindrtal With The Latin Rid-, Greek Is., Gothic Reit) Literally Means Knowing,' Or ' Knowledge ;' But Is Emphatically Used As The Name Of Those Ancient Sanskrit Works Which Constitute The Basis Of Brahmanic Belief, And Are Held By ...
Vegetable Celia Cell
Cell, Vegetable. [celia; Illatoloot; Tissrra, Vdietadly.) Cel Lari A. [cell& L.ea.] Cellaitiiea, Or Cella Riad.re, The Twain(' Family, According To Do Blainvillo's Arrangement, Of The Sub-class I'otyphria Ifonbranacre. Animals Hydrifonn, Provided With Very Delicate Ciliated Tentaculn, Separated, Distinct, Contained In Oval Flattened Membranous Collides, With A Bilateral Subtormined Crescentic) Opening ...
Vegetable Parchment
Parchment, Vegetable, Is A Substance Lately Brought Into Notice, As An Important Addition To The Materials For Manufactures. It Is In Fact, Paper, But Paper So Altered As To Possess Many Of The Qualities Of Parchment. Messrs. Mongolfier, Of Paris, Have A Mode Of So Preparing Paper As To Convert ...
Veiiatrum Album
Veiiatrum Album (white Hellehore)—mediral Properties Of Of This, Two Varieties Or Distinct Species, Are : One Termed V. Album ; The Other V. Album V. Or Lobelianum. This Last Prefers A Chalky Soil ; The Plants Occur In The Meadows Of The Swiss Alps, The Pyrenees, The Mountains Of Austria, ...
Veleta
Veleta, An Ancient City At The Base Of The Apennines, 231 Miles S. From Piacenza, And 45 Miles From Parma By The Existing Roads. The Population Of This Part Of Italy Was Brought Under The Roman Dominion About A.u.c. 595, By M. Fulvius Nobilior. The Inhabitants Of Veleia Up To ...
Velletri
Velletri, A City In The States Of The Churoh, Prettily Situated On The Lower Slopes Of The Monte Artemisio (which Forms The Northern Boundary Of The Pontine Marshes), At A Distance Of Ic Miles S.e. From Rome, And Has 12,500 Inhabitants. It Is An Ill-built Town, With Narrow And Inconvenient ...
Velocity
Velocity. This Word, Rendered Into English, Is Simply Swiftness Or Quickness, And Would Be Soon Disposed Of, If It Were Not That Various Circumstances Connected With Its Measure And Calculation Render Its Consideration One Of The Most Useful Exercises Which The Student Can Have, Not Only In Mechanics, But Also ...
Velvet
Velvet, A Variety Of Manufactured Silk, Remarkable For The Soft Ness Of Its Surface. Velvet Was Unknown At Least Several Centuries After The Introduction Of Plain Woven Silks; And It Is Not Mentioned In Any Documents Earlier Than The 13th Century. For A Long Time The Manufacture Was Confined To ...
Vendcie
Vendcie, A Department In The West. Of France, Is Bounded N. By Loire-iuffiribure, N.e. By Maineset-lolre, E. And S.e. By Deux-sevres, S. By Charente-infdribure, And S.w. And W. By The Atlantio Ocean. Its Greatest Length From North-west To South-east Ia 82 Miles; Its Greatest Breadth, At Right Angles To The ...
Vendor And Purchaser
Vendor And Purchaser. The Law Of Vendors And Pur Chasers Of Real Estate In England Is A Subject Of Great Extent, Which May Be Said To Comprise Nearly The Whole Practical Application Of The Law Of Real Property. Contracts For The Sale And Purchase Of Land Or Other Real Estate ...
Veneering
Veneering, In Cabinet-work, Is The Art Of Laying Thin Leaves, Called Veneers, Of A Valuable Kind Of Wood Upon A Ground Or Foundation Of Inferior Material, So As To Produce Articles Of Elegant Appearance At Smaller Cost Than If They Were Made Solid, Or Composed Entirely Of The Ornamental Wood ...
Venezuela
Venezuela, Republic Of, South America, Extends Over The North Eastern Portion Of That Continent, Being Situated Between 1' 10' And 12' 20' N. Let., 60' And 78' W. Long. It Is Bouuded N. By The Caribbean Sea, W. And S.w. By New Granada, S. By Brazil, And E. By Brazil, ...
Venice
Venice (venezia), The Capital Formerly Of The Republic) Of Venice, Now Of The Crownhand Of Venice In Austrian Italy, Is Situated In N. Lat., 20'e. Long., And Bas A Population Of About 100,000, Exclusive Of The Garrison. It Is Built On A Cluster Of Islets, About 80 In Number, That ...
Ventriloquism
Ventriloquism (literally " Belly-speaking : " From Renter, The Belly; And Loquor, I Speak) Is A Vocal Mimicry Of Sounds, By Which An Illusion Is Produced On The Hearer That The Sound Comes, Not From The Mimic, But From Some Other Appropriate Source. The Various Pheno Mena Of Vocal Mimicry ...
Venue
Venue (mcinetutn, Risme, "neighbourhood"). The County In Whits!, The Trial Of A Particular Cause Takes Place Is Said To Be The Venue Of That Cause. The Old Practice In This Matter Is Connected With The Original Function, Of The Jury, As Persons Who Were Acquainted With The Facts In Irsue. ...
Venus
Venus, The Name Of The Planet Which Is Nearest To The Earth, End, Except Mercury, Nearest To The Nun. The Principal Point Of Its Physical Description Is The Distinctness With Which Its Phases Are Seen Through A Telescope, In Which It Exhibits All The Changes Of Appearance Which Are, To ...
Vera Cruz
Vera Cruz, A Sea-port And Commercial Town In The Republic Of Mexico, Is Situated In 19° 11' N. Lat., 96° 8' W. Long., On The South Western Shores Of The Southern Part Of The Gulf Of Mexico; Popu Lation About 11,000. The Town Is Built On A Level End Arid ...
Vercelli
Vercelli, An Administrative Division Of The Sardinian Continental Dominions, Consists Of Three Provinces, Which, With Their Area And Population, Are As Follows : The Province Of Vercdli In Bounded N. By The Provinces Of Val Di Seaia And Biella, E. By The Province, Of Mortara And Novara, S. By The ...
Vermicelli
Vermicelli. A Dried Paste, Manufactured Chiefly In Italy In The Form Of Smooth Round Strings. The Name Has Been Given To It On Account Of Its Worm-like Appearance, Vermicelli In Italian Signifying Little Worms. Mac Aroni, Which The Italians Spell Maccheroni Or Maecherone (a Word Of Doubtful Etymology), Is Manufactured ...
Vermont
Vermont, One Of The United States Of North America, Extends Between 42° 44' And 45' N. Lat., 71° 30' And 73° 25' W. Long. It Is Bounded E. By The State Of Now Hampshire ; N. By The British Colony Of Lower Canada; W. By The State Of New York; ...
Vernier
Vernier. We Shall Give Under This Head A Short Account Of The Different Methods Employed To Measure The Parts Of The Divisions Of Astronomical And Geodesical Instruments. This And The Article Graduation May Be Considered As A Sort Of Introduction As Well As Supplement To The Description Of Each Particular ...
Vernon
Vernon. (rune.] Verolf. [faosisouz.] Veitcyna, A Province Of The Austrian Crownland Of Venice In North Italy, Is Bounded N. By The Tyrol, E. By The Provinces Of Vicenza And Padua, S. By The Provinces Of Rovigo And Mantua, And W. Partly By Mantua And Partly By The Lake Of Garda, ...
Verona
Vero'na, The Chief Town Of The Province Of Verona, And The Mili Tary Capital Of The Crownland Of Venice, Is Situated In 45° 25' N. Let., 11' K Long., On The Adige, Which Divides The Town Into Two Parts, And At The Foot Of Hills Which Are The Lower Offseta ...
Versailles
Versailles, Capital Of The Department Of Seine-et-oise In France, Is Situated In 48' 47' 56" W. Lat., 2° 7' 39' E. Long., 11 Miles By Rail Way W. From Paris, And Had 29,975 Inhabitants In The Commune At The Census Of 1851. Versailles Was A Mere Village In The Time ...