In the measures of length the pee, or foot, was divided not only into 12 uncia', but also into 16 digiti. In such Roman foot-rules as have been found, all have the digital division, some both, but none the uncial without the digitaL And 4 digiti are one palmus ; 4 palmi, one pea; 11 pedes, one palmipes ; 11 pales, one cubitus ; 2i pedes, one gradus ; 2 gradus, or 5 pedes, one passim; 2 passus, one decempeda; 12 deccmpedx, one actus ;t 1000 passus, one milliare.
The jugerum was an area of which the scrupulum (or 288th part) was the square decempeda, or 100 square feet. It was frequently divided uncially, and also as follows :-36 scrupula made 1 clima, 4 climata, 1 actus quadratus ; 2 actus quadrati, 1 jugerum ; 2 jugera, 1 heredium ; 100 heredia, 1 centuria ; 4 centurim, 1 saltus. The actus minimus was 480 square feet. The versus was 10,000 square feet. The aripennis (whence arpent) was a Gallic measure which Columella defines as semi-jugerum, but whether of Romans or Gauls is not clear.
The amphora, or quadrantal,* for liquid measure, was a cubic foot : 4 ligulm made 1 cyathus ; 6 ligulm, 1 acetabulum ; 2 acetabula, 1 quar tarius ; 2 quartarii, 1 hemina ; 2 heminm, 1 sextarius ; 6 sextarii, 1 congius; 4 congii, 1 urns; 2 urns, 1 amphora; 20 amphorae, 1 culeus. In Galen the cochleare is the tenth of a ligula.
The modius, or modium, of dry measure, was 16 sextarii, or the third part of the amphora, or cubic foot. The sextarius was divided in the same manner as in liquid measure. The concha is mentioned as a smaller measure than the ligula.
The Greek weights have been discussed in the article TALENT. Six figoAor make one Spaxaw ; 100 5pax,uar, one Ava (mina); 60 avco, one TaltaPTOV. The xalucos and the AEWTOV are mentioned as subdivisions of the liBoAos, but are not generally recognised.
As to length, the woos, or foot, was thus divided :-4 Sass-taw make one ssaAairrrn; 12 EarrrvAot, one a--mecum ; 4 sraAasoraz, one woes; 1i robes, one srvxvs ; 4 waxen, one Opyula; 100 robes, one rAeOpov ; 6 rAeOpa, or 600 waes, one arabrov. [STADIUM.] The Bova,' is the roActurro in some writers, the oroBaan in others. The raAcciorn is also called Sawraoboxaw and Sway. The luxas is 10 Scueraw, the apeacepoy is 11 ScucruAm, the wiry/An 18, and the ruywv 20 SasruAot. The Sixas is
half a roes, the fbraa is 2i robes. The /Ov, is 41 robes, and the Kaltaktos 10 robes. The cram" was once called abAos, and the StavAos is 2 owa&a. The ovaStov inntscov is 4 orabia, and the SoAtxos is 12 cram generally, but is variously used. We must also mention the woy5uAos of 2 SawruAoi, and the ap.aa of 60 robes. The Greeks have taken the oxorros (variously described) from the Egyptians, the ktritrov from the Romans, and the which is 30 stadia, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, from the Persians. The sous eptiteralpsos, or Philetxrian foot, though used by Greek writers, is not originally Greek, and is said to be longer by a fifth than the Roman foot. All writers kgree that the common Greek woos is longer than the Roman foot by the 24th part of the latter.
The 7rNeOpov in square measure was a square of the side of a rAeOpor in length, or 10,000 square robes. The irpoupa was the fourth part of the nAeOpov ; but the Egyptian lipovpa mentioned by Herodotus is the square of 100 Egyptian cubits.
In liquid measure, 2 KoxAtapta make one xsrior ; 2i soxXrapta, ono ausrrpoy ; 2 avarpa, one noun; 2 so.yxat, one nvaBos; 3 soyxces, one 1443mpor ; 2 4143acpa, one reraproy ; 2 rerapra, one sorviea ; 2 KoTaat, one /earns; 6 t one xous; 12 xoes, one The is said to have beeu an amphora and a half, and the nvaBos to have con tained 10 drachms of wine. The Animas, or Acryvvos, was the same as the xous. There were also the xThror yeropyacw and the /..owsrpov yecopymov, rural measures. The tlETp717715 was also called Isaepopeus and Kabos.
In dry measures, the meatavos was one-third larger than the klETp7ITnS (or was two Boman amphoras), and was thus divided :—Ten soxxiapra made one 'walks ; 15 soxxiaina, one bWalSov; 4 Otul3a4m, one ; 2 KoTvActi, one /earns; 2 /earat, one xouq; 4 XOWIKES, one ikoesrov; 2 hAuesera, one in-Tos ; 6 one /2f8(12VOS. There are various descriptions of the xorvit, from which it may be that there are several measures of the name. The Greeks mention the Persian axayw of 45 AESIAVOI, the apraBw, of one Atebskivos, and the nariOn of 2 xorrixes. The Baiotian sorpivos is 3 xoes : the Homeric a551/ is 4 X0IVIKES ; the Aapts is 6 nerrvitat; the clItaBaerpowt is the worviin.