WURTEMBERO, a kingdom in the south-west of Germany, lies between 47' 35' and 49' 35' N. lat., 8' 15' and 10° 30' E. long. It is bounded N.E. and E. by Bavaria, N.W. and W. by Baden, and S. by Switzerland and the Lake of Constanz. Its greatest length from south to north is about 140 miles ; and its greatest breadth from cast to west nearly 100 miles. The area is 7494 square miles. The popu lation in December 1852 numbered 1,733,263--unamely 838,275 males and 894,988 females. The principalities of Hohenzollern, almost wholly surrounded by the kingdom of Wfirtetnberg, now belong to PrUSSitt. (11011ENZOLLERN.] The area and population of Wfirtemberg are distributed among the four circles, or provinces, of the kingdom as follows :— The surface is for the most part mountainous; on the east the Swabian Alp enters the country, and the western border is covered by the Schwarzwald (the Black Forest), both of which send out branches in all directions. The Schwarzwald runs from south to north, parallel to the Rhine, and to the Vosges Mountains ou the other side of that river. It begins between Eglisau and Beale, and extends to Durlach and Pforzheim ; its length is about 83 miles, and its mean breadth 14 miles. On the west side its declivity is steep; on the east it slopes gradually towards the central part of 1Viirtem berg. It consists chiefly of granite and sandstone, and is intersected by many well-watered valleys. The highest points of the Schwarz wald in 1Viirtemberg are the Hornisgrinde, 3640 feet high, and the Rossbilhl, 2940 feet high : but the most elevated part of the range is in Baden. The Alb, or Alp, is entirely in the kingdom of Wiirtetu berg (excepting a small part of it which ie in Ilohenzollern), and runs from south-west to north-east. Its length is between 80 and 90 miles, and its breadth varies from 9 to 18 miles, between the Neckar and the Danube. On the north-west side it is steep, but on the south-east aide gradually declines into undulating hills. Though not so elevated as the Schwarzwald, it is more bleak and Inclement. There are several large caverns in the limestone of the Alp.
There are wide and fertile valleys, the principal of which are those of the Neckar and of the Danube. The diversity of mountain and
valley, the fertility of the soil, and the luxuriance of the vegetation combine to produce a great variety of beautiful scenery, and render Wfirtemberg one of the finest parts of Central Europe.
The chief rivers are the Neckar [NeCean-Kae1s] and the Martial, Into which almost all the other rivers discharge themselves. The principal aftluenta of the Neckar are on the right—the Kocher, a con siderable river, which has a course of 160 miles: the Items; the Eyach ; and the Jagst ; on the left the En; which has a course of 9S mile; and at its junction with the Neckar at Berigheim has a volume of water nearly equal to that river. The Danube enters W\'urtemberg at Tattinge°, and crosses the kingdom in a generally north-east direction to Ulm, where it eaters Bavaria. The chief affluent is the Iller, which joins it on the right bank near Ulm. The Lake of Constanz is the only considerable lake in the kingdom, which however only touches a small portion of Wfirtemberg on the southern frontier. The small lakes are numerous. The Fidersee is about five miles long and as many broad.
The soil is extremely fertile, except in the higher regions of the Alp and the Schwarzwald, where the substratum is unfavourable to vegetation.
The climate is healthy, temperate, and mild, with differences however arising from elevation. The summits of the Alp and the Schwarz wald are too cold to produce corn, and are covered with forests and pastures. Goitrous affections are very common in the Kocherthal and the RotlithaL Of domestic animals in 1852 there were horned cattle, 811,I59; sheep, 458,488 ; swine, 148,524; horses, 95,038 ; being in every class a large diminution from the numbers of each in 1850. There are still a few stags and deer in the forests, as well as foxes, badgers, some wild cats, squirrels, martens, and weasels. Poultry of all kinds is abund ant, and also game and wild-fowl There are several species of owls, which are very numerous. The many small lakes and all the rivers yield a great variety of fish. In many parts of the kingdom bees are kept, and silk-worms have been introduced. Leeches are bred in ponds, and edible snails in separate reservoirs.