dgriealtare.—The distribution of the soil in 1852 was as follows:— Corn land, 2,050,102 acres; gardens, 94,773 acres ; vineyards, 64,678 acres ; meadows, 6S7,653 acres; pastures, 208,206 acres ; forests, 1,497,062 acres; roads, 103,648 acres; railways, 2429 acres; buildings, 21,777 acres; heaths and herren lands, 65,844 acres ; lakes, rivers, &e., 31,384 acres : total, 4,827,556 acres. The quantity of wine produced in 1852 was 5,822,180 gallons.
Wfirtemberg is one of the most fruitful countries of Germany, and agriculture is on the whole carried on upon a good system. On the 26th of September there is an annual agricultural fête at Cannstadt, at which prizes are given. A manifest improvement in the breed of cattle and horses is remarked at every new cattle-show.
The kinds of grain cultivated are chiefly spelt, maize, oats, barley, rye, and wheat. There is usually a surplus for exportation. The other agricultural productions are peas, beans, vetches, potatoes, flax, hemp, rspe-eeed, poppies, hops, and tobacco. Fodder of many kinds is abundant. Of the vineyards more than three-fifths are in the circle of the Neckar. There are the Tauber and Lake (that is, of Constanz) wines, which resemble Rhenish.
The minerals are copper, lead, zinc, and iron, marble, alabaster, millstones, freestone, gypsum, quartz, garnets, tourmaline, amethysts, chrysolite; rock-crystal, agate, chalcedony, carnelian, opal, jasper, porcelain earth, potters'-clay, basalt, fullers'-earth, chalk, marl, coal, and salt. The salt-works are the property of government, which has the monopoly of the aalt-trade ; the annual produce is 24,000 tons. Moat of the Swiss receive their supply of salt from WUrternberg, according to specific conventions.
Mane/actin-ea.—There are manufactures of almost every description, and though not on so extensive a scale as in some other parte of Germany, they are of considerable importance. The principal are linen, woollen-cloth, calicoes, silks, lace, hosiery, muslin, carpets, leather, porcelain, earthenware, ironmongery and steelware, gold and silver plate, tobacco, tobacco-pipes, and gunpowder; there are numerous distill. ries, breweries, and chemical factories.
Com merce.—Wfirtemberg has a very considerable trade. The exports consist both of the natural productions and manufactures, horned cattle, horses, sheep, salt, corn, timber, raw hides, wool, garden-seeds, millstones, and saltpetre ; gold and silver articles, leather, hats, paper, white-lead, tobacco, oil, chemicals, vinegar, and printed books. The
imports consist of raw cotton and cotton manufactures, silks, glass wares, wine, fruit, cheese, china, earthenware, and all kinds of colonial produce. ere is likewlee a very great transit trade. The inland navigation important, especially on the Neckar, which becomes navigable at Cannatadt. Steamers ply below Heilbronn. A railroad runs from Stuttgardt to the Lake of Constanz through Ulm, where it is joined by the Bavarian line to Augsburg and Munich. Another line runs north from Stuttgardt to Heilbronn, with a branch westward from Bretigheim to the Brucheal station, on the trunk railway along the right bank of the Tibiae. Wtirtemberg is a member of the German Zoll-verein, or commercial union.
Population.—With the exception of about 22,000 Jews and some foreigners, the population is entirely German. With respect to religion the l'rotestante are to the Catholics in the ratio of 2 to 1 very nearly.
In 1850 the population, including that of Hohenzollern, amounted to 1,802,252 ; namely, 885,756 males, and 016,496 females. The births were 74,294, of which 9804 were illegitimate. The deaths amounted to 53,233. The average revenue of Witrtemborg for the years com prising the interval 1852.55 was 1,218,977/. The expenditure in 1854 was 1,216,403/. The total amount of the publio debt was 4,841,2911. Emigration has for several years tended to keep down the population of Wfirtemberg.
Education.—In regard to education, Wiirtemberg ranks very high. There is not a parish in the kingdom without its school. The establish ments for higher and special instruction are—a university at Tiibingeu, with about 800 students ; 7 gymnasia, 4 lyceums, 78 Grammar schools, a Protestant seminary at Tiibingeo, a large number of Protestant theological seminaries, 4 eeminariea for Roman Catholic priests, Pro testant and Catholic training-schools, schools of philology and sciences, schools for the deaf and dumb, for the blind, for drawing, &o. According to law, every child is to attend school from the age of six to that of fourteen. Tho private literary societies are numerous.