The new Cathedral of Bremen was erected (1o44-to69) under Bishop Bezzelin and his successor, Adalbert. The former made the Cathedral of Cologne his model; the latter, that of Beueventum, which he had seen in to47. Though frequently altered, portions of the original structure still remain. At Paderborn, also, a reconstruction of the cathedral was effected (To5S-to68), in place of that which was burned in the former year; new cathedrals were erected at Halberstadt (ro6o-ioji) and at den (io62-to72). The church in Abdinghof, at Paderborn, burned in io5S, was rebuilt and dedicated twenty years later. At Werden, in West phalia, a crypt consecrated in m59 is still preserved, and the church dedicated in to64 was renewed early in the twelfth century. At Ilsenbnrg the still-existing church, in which columns and pillars alternate, was dedicated in to87, and soon afterward the conventual Church of Huyse burg was dedicated, but was removed at the beginning of the twelfth century to make room for a new structure. In to83 the Church of St. Ulrich at Sangerhausen was founded; in toS5, that of the Convent of Reinhardsbrunn, near Gotha; and in toS9, that of Oldisleben, near Held of whose original structures nothing remains. Bishop Benno of Osnabriick (to6S-toSS) built the Convent of Iburg, in the Teutoburgian Forest, and consecrated the choir in two. The nucleus of the cathedral at Soest belongs to the eleventh century, although the exact time of its erection is not definitely known.
Architecture on the Rhine, which under the rule of the Romans was the seat of a developed culture, owed the progress which art made upon its banks in the eleventh century, not to the influence of the emperor, but principally to the episcopal sees scattered at various points along the left where extensive cities existed in Roman times. Even here the emperors effected much, many of their foundations being spread along the Rhine and its affluents, and they everywhere supported the bishops. But these latter had been established for centuries; they formed an unbroken line of succession, thus exercising on all occasions, even after they had long attained to the dignity of temporal princes, that great influence which the emperors, who but temporarily sojourned in the imperial palaces on the Rhine, exerted only in their Jiereditary states where they were absolute rulers.
The Cathedral of was, as we have mentioned (p. 15o), demol ished by Archbishop Willigis in the tenth century, and was then rebuilt. The second edifice was not finished until the eleventh century, and was burned in on the day of its dedication. Rebuilding was at once commenced, and the cathedral was consecrated by Archbishop Bardo in ro36. The lower part of the existing building, shown on Plate 24 (fig.
14), may belong to this period, with the exception of the western choir, while on the other hand the superstructure of the lower part of the two round towers and of the eastern facade doubtless belongs to this age. The southern portal contains decorative parts that may almost be called antique, such as Corinthian capitals, which are among the most direct later imitations of this antique form of capitals. The largest of its six towers is three hundred feet in height.
The Cathedral of Strasburg was burned in root, and the new structure was long delayed; so that, though after the fashion of the times single parts were completed and brought into use, it was not until ro6S that the building was ready for rededication. Greater energy was manifested at Basle, where the new cathedral was dedicated in Tor& The new struc ture at Worms, though unfinished, was consecrated in ror6; its plan (fig. 7) may, however, be ascribed to this period. Single portions were consecrated in ro53 and ro58. The Church of St. Paul at Worms was founded in ror6, but no part of the existing building can be referred to that time. On the other hand, almost the entire structure of the Church of St. Wilibrord at Echternach, which was erected ror7—r03r, is still extant. The latter church has alternate pillars and columns so arranged that over the two arches which sweep from the column to the piers on each side of a bay a great relieving-arch is turned from pier to pier. The capitals of the columns are crude imitations of Corinthian; the side-aisles are covered with cross-vaulting, while the nave has a timber roof. Whether the four towers belong to the original structure cannot be ascertained. The Church of the Apostles at Cologne (AL 25, fig. 3) was commenced in 1020, the Abbey-church of Brauweiler was built in ro24-1028, and in ro3o the Abbey-church of Deutz, founded in 1002, was completed.
Emperor Conrad II. laid in one day in ro3o the foundation-stones of three important churches. One of these, the Convent-church of Lim burg on the Hardt (p. 24, fg. 5), a basilica with columns, a rectilinear choir, and two apses in the transept, still exhibits completely the original architecture, but has been a ruin for over three hundred and eighty years. The second church was the Cathedral of Speyer, one of the grandest edifices of the Middle Ages, as is proved by what remains of the original structure, notwithstanding many later additions 24, fg. 4; pt. fg. 2); the vaulting of the nave and the system of pillars as they now stand are part of the original building. The third church which the emperor founded on this clay was that of St. John, the baptistery of the Cathedral of Speyer.