German CIO/ usual style of city dwelling-house dif fers from the villa not only in the plainer fittings, but also in having a smaller number of rooms. These dwelling-houses do not often stand alone, being usually built in rows, and are frequently arranged for the accommo dation of several families. No universal model can be selected for the German residence, as it is strongly influenced by the marked individuality of the nation; but a very usual type contains a salon, or parlor, large liv ing-room, dining-room, room for the master of the house with a study or library, room for the mistress, a nursery, three bed-rooms, a spare-room with an alcove, wardrobe, kitchen, servants' room, store-room, and two water-closets. In less expensive residences, some of these rooms are Dmitted. As a rule, a dwelling of this kind is upon a single floor; or the floor may be divided into two dwellings. Each dwelling is usually pro vided with an entrance or ante-room which may be locked, so that the whole is controlled by this one fastening.
Berlin Dwelling.—An exception to the above will be found in the larger dwellings (fik 14, figs. 4-7), in which there is another staircase, necessitating a second entrance. This stairway is seen at m in the plan of the ground floor. This house was erected by the government architect Adler in the Dorotheenstrasse in Berlin; it is built in on both sides and has an additional wing. Figure 4 exhibits the handsome facade; Figure 5 shows the ground-plan of the lower floor. The plan of the other story is seen in Figure 6; the wing belonging to Figure 6 is shown in Figure 7. On the lower floor (fig. 5) are shown the entry, or hall (a); chief stairway (o); kitchen (k); a small staircase leading to the servants' room above (/); sleeping-room (g); corridor (n); and living- and reception-rooms (d , e, f). The arrangement on the second floor is the same, except that at fis arranged a larger salon.
French City Residences.—In French houses of this style, particularly in Paris, there is a separate dwelling on each floor, as in the German model, or occasionally two small ones; but the national customs inake them essen tially unlike in some of the arrangements. Thus the living-room in the German sense is entirely wanting, its place being partly supplied by the salon, or drawing-room, but chiefly by the more elaborately adorned bed room. On the other hand, the French house always bas a dining-room, which, however, frequently serves as a second ante-room. The dining room ancl the salon are also so placed as to be directly accessible from the ante-room proper. In the more elegantly appointed dwellings, pantries, toilet-rooms, etc., are added.
Paris Dwelling-house.—Figures 8 to II show the facade and ground plan of a dwelling-house on the Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris, built by Gamier and Coulon. The ground floor, or lower story (fig. 9), is fitted up, as usual, for shops, store-rooms being in the low story which stands immediately above. This second storv—intended for offices and store rooms—is known as the entre-sol; the floor immediately above it—being, in fact, the third floor of the house—is known as the first story, being the handsomest flat or dwelling in the building. Each of the other three upper floors contains two smaller dwellings. Figure II is the ground-plan of this principal dwelling, or flat. In Figure 9, the plan of the ground floor shows the main stairway (a); staircase (b) for the entre-sal, or second story; stairs (c) to basement; stairs (a') to the topmost story; opening (e) to light the basement; glass plates (f) for the same purpose; shop-counters (g); cases (h); show -windows (i); raised seat (k); and gas-meter (m). Fig ure ro shows a and b as before; store-rooms (c, c); depot (a'); and room (c) for the coneierg-e, or janitor. Figure it 05/. 14) shows the ante-room (f); salon (g); eating-room (k); bed-room (i); servants' hall U); kitchen (4.); and office (/). The smaller dwellings in the upper floors have an entrance, eating- room, bedchamber, servants' room, and kitchen, the best houses having a salon also. The facade, shown in Figure 8, will assist in the explanation of this characteristic interior arrangement.
Ens,,lish City England the dwelling-houses, even \\lien consisting of several stories, are adapted for the use of one family only; this is accounted for by the national fondness for private family life. As the lots of ground in the large cities, particularly in London, are gen erally reckoned by the frontage, which is very expensive, this width is. usually reduced to a minimum of from 23 to 28 feet. The house extends back into the lot, and the number of stories is increased as seen in Figure 12. To lessen the inconvenience which arises from placing the various necessary rooms upon several stories, these stories are made low, the usual height being- from 8 to it feet. In front of each residence there is arranged a small depressed space, or area, which is reached from the pavement of the street by a short flight of steps. This open space is intended to afford light and air to the basement. In the latter are the housekeeping- and store-rooms, with the kitchen, and, when needed, a room for the housekeeper. There may also be added a room for the butler. Figures 12 to 18 show the pecu liar arrangements of dwellings of this kind.