Study.—An example of a handsomely-furnished study is given in Fig ure 33. Such an apartment frequently contains an area of from 215 to 323 square feet, and is often provided with an accompanying cabinet, which serves as library, sleeping-room, or dressing-room. The stndy may have shelves for models, statuary, lamps, etc., according to taste, and the gen eral furnishings should be of a heavy and solid character. The study and the library in „American houses are usually combined. As with the parlor or drawing-room, the widest latitude is permissible in this apartment for the exhibition of taste in decorative effects.
bath-room in dwelling-lionses is generally very sim ple in its arrangement, but it is well to paint the walls and ceilings in oil-color, and to have a floor of stone or of tiles. The great variety of ele gant decoration allowed in bath-rooms is of much importance, and the use of illuminated tiles admits of any expense or richness of decoration desired. The bath itself may be a zinc tub or a basin set in brick- with cement, and lined with white glazed tiles. In German residences it is generally sunk in the floor, and is 5y, feet long in the clear ou the bottom, 2 feet wide, and 2 feet deep, with pipes for hot and cold water and a drain for waste water. The room and the water are frequently heated bv a sort of water stove, un less it is preferred to have a special heater for each purpose (AI To,fig. 21). The bath-room in the best class of American dwellings contains a porcelain lined bath-tub, foot-bath, washstand, and water-closet (fi/. r6, fig-. 4).
Figure 34 (fi/. 14) is a sumptuous bath-room in the Oriental manner. It is on the ground floor of the palace built by Prince Albert of Prussia near Dresden, and was designed by the late architect Von Diebitsch, cele brated for his work in the Moorish style. The bath-tub is constructed of a greenish-brown marble, and six slender columns support above it a.can opy of richly-colored ornamentation. The walls are decorated to resemble tapestry in the same style.
"atcr-ciosets.—Figure 36 (pz. 14) shows the ordinary fitting-s for water closets. The parts are the basin or funnel (a), and the soil-pipe (b), with
the connecting piece belonging to it, or drain (c). These may be con structed of various materials, such as well-glazed clay, burnt tile, cement, asphalt, lead, zinc, cast iron, or wood saturated with pitch. The cross-section of the pipes made of these materials is circular in all cases except when wood is employed, and the joints are tightened with cement and oakum. A pipe of this kind may serve for several water-closets situated side bv side, or built one above another. The water-trap is set to prevent the foul g,ases from rising from the pipe, the long end of the pipe being curved upward as at a' or an immovable pan (e) is hung -under the opening of the pipe. The English water-closets (vertical section, fig. 37) are on the same principle. The arrangement is essentially as follows: The seat (a) is provided with a well-fitting lid, and the basin (b) is of stoneware, porcelain, or enamelled cast iron, closed below by a copper pan (c). This pan, which works on a hinge, is kept in the horizontal position by a counterweight; it is pressed downward in the direction of the dotted line by the weight of the voided matters, and when thus. emptied is raised again by the counterpoise. Waste water collecting in the bottom of the pan makes a trap to prevent the ascent of the gases. A second water-trap (e) is seen below the iron funnel (a'). The waste matters are carried to the well through the soil-pipe. The water is brought from an elevated tank to the upper part of the basin by the pipe f, and is controlled by the valve g. The water, flowing, in under strong pressure, strikes against a plate and is forced to spread itself over the basin, which is thus cleansed. The valve can be operated by mechanism or by the hand. The tendency of late has been in the direction of doing away as far as possible with enclosed or boxed-in fixtures of this class. The most improved closets are made, as to body and seal, of a single piece of porcelain standing free in the apartment r5, fig. 6).