this it follows that the faces of these Southern tribes must have many resemblances to those of the Hottentots. The nose is pressed in at the root, and consequently the point only projects from the face (comp. p1. 82, fig. 1; pl. 85, jigs. I, 2, 3; pi. 87, jig. I ; p1. 9o, jigs. 1, 4); it is thick at the point, broad at the back and the nostrils. The mouth is large, the lips thick and even everted (p1. 84, figs. r, 3, 5), but the face, in consequence of the broader lower jaw, is broader than that of the Hottentot.
The eyes are full-sized, brown, generally with a dull yellowish cornea, but they appear small because the lids droop as though pinched together (p1. 84, jigs. 1, 3). The ears arc large. Of course the different tribes exhibit many dissimilarities, as is shown on our plates, but the type, such as it has been described in its fundamental traits, is widespread, as Plate 86 (fig. 17), Plate 87 (Ac. 1), Plate 88 (fig. 2), Plate 89 (Airs. 8, 9, 13), Plate 90 (figs. I, 4, etc.), prove. Deviations for the better consist principally in the freer development of the eye and of the nose, which projects more, especially in the north, and even becomes aquiline (p1. 83, firs. 4, 5; pi. 86, jigs. 19, 20; pl. 89, jig. 2; pi 90, jigs. 2, 8, although Creoles, belong to the Bantu tribe).
the ear-lobes is universally practised (for instance, p/. 84, fig. 5; pi 86, s7, 89, 13), and some tribes in the east disfigure the lips by piercing them and wearing a large ring in the opening (p1. 89, Jig. 2). This ring is generally an orna ment of the women only, and is laid aside in case of mourning; in some places it is worn also by the men. In the east tattooing is very generally practised, sometimes over the whole body (p1. 89, u), but mostly only On the face and on the breast (p1. 86, zo; pt. 89, s. 2, 5, 6). The designs shown by our illustrations differ somewhat among the differ ent tribes, but on the whole they are alike. In the west this decora tion of the skin is also known (pl. 90, 3, 8), but it is less frequently practised in the south, where, however, the women scratch a few lines on their cheeks, forehead, and breast, encircling the neck, as on Plate 89 (figs. 2, 5, 6).
Some tribes, as the Batoka, who belong to the Makololo, knock out the upper incisor teeth at the time of manhood; others file them to a point; others break them into various shapes, crescentic, angular, etc. The Hereros extract two or all four of the lower incisor teeth and make triangular holes in the upper ones. Circumcision of the boys and youths prevails among most tribes, but not among the Zulus.
original attire of these nations-which, however, now often gives way to the European 84, fig. 3) and in the east to the Arabic
(p1. 87, 3; pl. 88, fig. 1)-is simple and in its main character unvary ing. In the south the Caffir tribe and the Amakosa go about almost naked, the men wearing only such covering as is worn by the inhabitants of the Admiralty Islands (p1. I I, fig. 5); but instead of the white shell they have an embroidered leather bag or a carved fruit-shell, and they often wear a belt about the waist as a decoration. The Betchuana men wear a narrow leather girdle drawn between the legs (p1. 84, fig. 7), as do also the Zulus (pl. 85, jigs. 6, 7), but the latter have pieces of leather, of skins, etc. hanging from it. The kaross or cloak of hides is here also in use, not always worn about the shoulders, but girded about the waist (p1. 84, 7; ,61. S5, fig. 9, the standing figure to the right).
The women generally wear only a scarf (p1. 89, fig. i), which among the Basuto is often artistically decorated (pl. 84, jig. 6); the married ones wear a broader one over it; they invariably use cloths for tying down the breasts (pl. 89, jig. r3; comp. pl. SS, fig. 2), concealing the body, or carrying the children (p1. 83, fig. 6). They sometimes also wear the kaross, which has among the Betchuanas a turned-down collar (p1. 84, fig. 4, the figures in the background). It is generally of tanned ox-skin, but the nobles prefer the skins of wild and fierce animals (p1. 84, fig- s. 5, 6). A leather cap for the women, such as is seen on Plate S7 (fig. 4), is common; it varies according to the tribes: among the Hereros it is supplied with two long erect ears. In place of the skins of domestic animals, European materials are now much used, especially cotton goods, in the east.
Decorations. -The Bantu nations are fond of finery. They wear gayly colored chains or ribbons in the hair (in the south, p1. 84, fig. 5; east, pl. 87, fig. 1; west, pi.-82, fig. 5), chains about the neck from which amulets, small tubes with antidotes against snake-bites (Fritsch), and among the Betchuana tribes short daggers in richly-decorated sheaths, are generally suspended (p1. 84, figs. 1, 5, 6). Both men and women wear in the hair pins dec orated with glass beads (pt. 89, fig. 2). Necklaces of pierced teeth of animals (such as are on the leaping warrior, pl. 85, fig. 9) are especially precious; one from the island of Fernando Po which serves as an amulet is shown on Plate 92 (fig. io). Ivory or metal rings about the arms are frequently seen (pl. 84, jigs. IV. 85, 9); around the lower leg rings of leather (p7. 84, fig. 5; pl. 35, fig. 9) or of metal (p7. 84, fig. 6) or strings of beads (pi 84, fig. 4) are worn, and often the entire leg to the calf is covered with them.