The warriors have particular ornaments: among the Caffirs they cover the circle of hair with wood and put soft hanging feathers over it (p7. 85, fig. 9, the standing figure to the right); besides which the projecting feather of a species of crane is frequently worn as a warlike ornament (pl. 84, fig. 5; pl. S5, fig. 6). They also hang upon their bodies pieces of skin, especially of the Angora goat (Fritsch, pl. 85, figs. 6, 9), and other decorations which contrast with the color of the skin.
The ornaments of the Basuto warrior are similar (pt. 84, fig. 6). Some times the kaross of the women is supplied with a cockade-like decoration (pl. 84, fig. 4, at both sides below), which is said to have originally apper tained only to the wives of elephant-slayers. For a covering of the feet sandals or a rude kind of shoe are sometimes worn. Fans of various shapes, often artistically plaited and decorated, are in use among the civilized tribes (p1. S7, fig. 3, to the right; p7. 92, fig. ii).
houses of the Amakosa Caffirs are like the beehive huts represented on Plate 86 (fig. 17), constructed of a centre post and elastic poles, the latter being joined at the top to the main post, so as to form the walls. The whole is covered with reeds, is rather low, and often has in front of the only opening, opposite to which the fireplace is situ ated, a narrow tunnel-like entrance so low that one can only crawl through it (p7. 86, fig. 2). This style of house, which is very much like the Hot tentot hut, prevails among all Bantu nations.
The huts of the Zulus are plaited better, the reed coverings being fast ened with a net of ropes (the hut in the background on Plate 86,fig. 2, may serve as an illustration); the same is the case among the Basuto (p7. 86, fig.. 2). Among other tribes of the Betchuanas the house has a coni cal-shaped roof of reeds resting on a double wall, an inner solid one of clay, and an outer low one of wooden poles (comp. pl. 90, fig. 6, to the left), or also of clay, as on Plate 84 (fig. 2); the elliptical holes in the wall take the place of doors. The middle post, from which rafters extend to the clay inner wall, often projects like a button above the roof (pl. 83, fig. 2; pl. 84, fig. 2). The Sualieli tribes of the interior build in a similar manner (pl. 87, fig. 5). The houses of the Betchuanas are often divided into several apartments by a wall; those of the chieftains are painted red and white inside, generally with linear designs, but also with animal figures.
villages arc found (pl. 83, fig. 2; pl. 8 5), and those of the southern tribes are circular in the shape of a kraal. The Zulus build their huts in circles, fenced on both sides by thorn hedges, and enclosing a large thorn-fenced place for the stock. Opposite to this, in a special enclosure, are the chieftain's huts, which include not only his dwelling-house, but houses for his wives, storage-houses, etc. ; the entire village is again enclosed with a hedge of thorns which is about fifty feet distant from the outer enclosure of the houses.
The villages of the Betchuanas are similarly but less regularly arranged; the houses are also around the enclosed place for the animals, which is shown on Plate S3 (fig-. 2, in the centre); and at its side, half hidden by the square house, is the place of meeting and counsel (Fritsch). The separate houses are again enclosed by close thoni hedges of irregular shape, though often several houses and families (p1. S3, fig. 2) are included in the same enclosure. The beginning of a palisade, consisting of strong, irregular poles, which form the framework, is shown on Plate 86 (fig. 2). European houses, square and built of wood (p1. 87, fig. 5) or clay (p1. 83, fig. 2), with windows and stairs, are now frequently erected by the Bantu nations; those of the eastern coast build in the Mohammedan manner. On the other hand, we meet with very simple buildings on the island of Fer nando Po: roofs to protect against the sun are shown on Plate 90 (fig. 7).
Household Furniture and Ulensils.—The household goods are numer ous. They have vessels of plaited work, with or without a cover, which serve partly as baskets and partly as pots, for they are close enough to hold liquids (pl. 86, fig. r). The southern tribes are especially skilful at plait ing. They decorate their utensils with the figures of animals (p1. 84, fig. 14), and also make artistic implements of ivory (pl. 84, figs. io, r) and large vessels of wood, cutting the latter, including the handles and feet, from the solid block. On Plate 86 (fig. r, to the right) we see such wooden vessels of the Betchuana tribes: the smaller one is a bucket, and the larger a wooden mortar. Plate 88 (figs. II, 13, r8) contains similar wooden utensils of the eastern tribes—pots for cooking, dishes, etc.